Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Wood and Wood-Based Materials

8. Literature

A brief literature list on references used in this report appears from the following.

A literature list comprising a broad section of project related literature primary concerning emissions from materials and products and emissions in buildings appear from Literature List in Appendix 9.

References used by toxicological evaluations appear from Appendix 7.

References concerning indoor-relevant time-values appear from Appendix 4.

Literature List

Andersson, K. et al.:
TVOC and Health in Non Industrial Indoor Environments. Report from a Nordic Scientific Consensus Meeting at Långholmen in Stockholm, 1996. Indoor Air, Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 78-91.

ASHRAE:
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air - Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE Standard 62-1989).

Building Code. 1995:
Copenhagen. Danish Ministry of Housing.

Casarett and Doull Toxicology. The basic Science of Poisons. 5 ed. McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen:
Klassificering m.v. af kemiske stoffer og produkter. Vejledning fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 6/1995.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen:
Bekendtgørelse af listen over farlige stoffer. Bind 1. Nr. 69 af 7. februar 1996.

Miljøstyrelsen: (ikke publiceret materiale)
Vurdering af de sundhedsmæssige skader ved udsættelse for træstøv, 1988.

Arbejdstilsynet:
Nervesystemskadende stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet - en kortlægning. Nr. 13/1990.

Arbejdstilsynet:
Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. At-anvisning nr. 3.1.0.2, juli 1994.

Dansk Selskab for Indeklima:
Prøvningsstandard til bestemmelse af emission fra byggevarer. December 1994.

Dansk Standard:
Anvisning for bestemmelse og vurdering af emission fra byggevarer. DS-Information, DS/INF 90, 1. udgave, godkendt 1994-03-22.

Dragsted, L.:
Qualitative Risk Analysis of Carcinogens. Copenhagen
National Food Agency of Denmark, 1990.
Levnedsmiddelstyrelsen, Sundhedsministeriet (No. 190).

ECA:
European Collaborative Action, Indoor Air Quality & Its Impact on Man, Environment and Quality of Life, Draft Report No. 18, Evaluation of VOC Emissions from Building Products. Solid Flooring Materials. (EUR 17334 EN, 1997).

European Standard prEN 717-1, draft April 1996:
Wood based panels. Determination of formaldehyde release. Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method.

Evald, A.:
Environmental Factors for Wood-Based Products. Determination of Environmental Sensitive Phases. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. (Danish)
Miljøforhold ved træbaserede produkter. Udpegning af miljøfølsomme faser i livsforløbet. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen, nr. 3, 1993.

Hass, U., Jacobsen, B.M., Brandorff, N. P., Jelnes, J.E., Petersen, S.H.:
Reproductive Toxicants in the Working Environment. National Institute of Occupational Health. (Danish)
Reproduktionsskadende kemiske stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet. Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet, november 1990.

Jensen, L.D.:
Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Threshold Limits. Dust from Wood. (Swedish)
Nordisk Expertgrupp för gränsvärdesdokumentation nr. 77. Trästöv. Arbete och Hälsa, 36, 1987.

Larsen, A., Englund, F., Lindberg, L.S., Opdal, T., Saarela, K.:
Emissions from Wood-Based Products Declaration Model. Nordic Industrial Fund, Nordic Wood. Wood and Environment. Copenhagen, 1998. ISBN no. 87-7756-509-6 and 87-7756-511-8.

Larsen, J.C.:
Institute for Toxicology, National Food Agency, Personal Information.
Institut for Toksikologi, Levnedsmiddelstyrelsen. Personlig meddelelse. April 1997.

Ministry of the Environment:
Industrial Air Pollution Control Guidelines, Danish Environmental Protection Agency. 1992.

Mølhave, L.:
Volatile Organic Compounds Indoor Air Quality and Health. Indoor Air, Vol. 4, 357-376, 1991.

Mølhave, L.:
Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University. Personal Information. April 1997.

Institut for Miljø- og Arbejdsmedicin, Århus Universitet. Personlig meddelelse. April 1997.

Mølhave, L.:
Principles for Evaluation of Health and Comfort Hazards caused by Indoor Air Pollution. Submitted for Indoor Air 1997.

Nielsen, G.D., Hansen, L.F., Wolkoff, P.:
Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Building Material Emissions. II. Approaches for Setting Indoor Air Standards or Guidelines for Chemicals. Indoor Air Vol. 7: 17-32, 1997.

Nielsen, G.D., Alarie, Y., Poulsen, O.M, Andersen, B.N.:
Possible Mechanisms for the Respiratory Tract Effects of Noncarcinogenic Indoor-Climate Pollutants and Bases for Their Risk Assessments. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment Health. Vol.21 p.p. 165-78, 1995.

Nielsen, P.A., Jensen, L.K., Eng, K., Bastholm, P, Hugod, C., Husemoen, T., Mølhave, L., Wolkoff, P.:

Health-Related Evaluation of Building Products Based on Climate Chamber Tests. Indoor Air. 1994, Vol. 4: 146-53.

Possanzini, M., DiPalo, V.:
Determination of Olefinic Aldehydes and Other Volatile Carbonyls in Air Samples by DNPH-Coated Cartridges and HPLC. Chromatographia. Vol. 40, 134, No. 3/4, February 1995.

Salthammer, T.:
Release of Photoinitiator Fragments from UV-Cured Furniture Coatings. Jou. of Coatings Technology. Vol. 68, No. 856, 1996.

SBI:
Handbook on Indoor Environment. Danish Building Research Institute. (Danish)
Indeklimahåndbogen, SBI-Anvisning 182, Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut, 1995.

Schaper, M.:
Development of a database for sensory irritants, and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 54, 488-544, 1993.

Thomsen, K. G.:
Allergens in the Working Environment. Nat. Inst. Occup. Health (Danish)
Allergi- og overfølsomhedsfremkaldende stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet. Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet. Nr. 33/1990.

VOCBASE:
Odour thresholds, mucous membrane irritation thresholds and physio-chemical parameters of volatile organic compounds. Nat. Inst. Occup. Health. Denmark, 1996.

Wolkoff, P., Clausen, P.A., Jensen, B., Nielsen, G.D., Wilkins, C.K.:
Are We Measuring the Relevant Indoor Pollutants ? Indoor Air, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1997.

Wolkoff, P. and Nielsen, P.A.:
A New Approach for Indoor Climate Labelling of Building Materials - Emission Testing, Modelling and Comfort Evaluation. Atmospheric Environment. Vol 30, No. 15, pp. 2679-2689, 1996.

Wolkoff, P., Nielsen, G.D., Hansen, L.F, Albrechtsen, O., Johnsen, C.R., Heinig, J.H., Franck, C., Nielsen, P.A.:
A Study of Human Reactions to Emissions from Building Materials in Climate Chambers. Part II: VOC Measurements, Mouse Bioassay, and Decipol Evaluation in the 1-2 mg/m³ TVOC Range. Indoor Air, 4, 389-403 (1991).

World Health Organization (WHO):
Update and revision of the air quality guidelines for Europe. Meeting of the Working Group "Classical" Air Pollutants. Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 11-14 October 1994.

World Health Organization (WHO):
Criteria for classification of skin- and airway sensitizing substances in the work and general environments. Report on a WHO Working Group, Copenhagen, 17-20 January 1996.

World Health Organization (WHO):
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. An Updating of IARC Monographs Volume 1 to 42, Supplement 7. 1987.

World Health Organization (WHO):
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Geneva, World Health Organization. Vol. I and II. 1984.