Environmental Project, 942 – Substance flow analysis of resorcinol

Substance Flow Analysis of Resorcinol

8 Appendices

Appendix 1 - Companies contacted in the survey
   Contacted companies in the pharmaceutical industry
   Contacted companies in the plastic industry
   Contacted companies in the rubber industry
   Contacted companies in the wood glue industry
Appendix 2: Amount and fate of laminated wood and plywood
Appendix 3: Amount and fate of tires

Appendix 1 - Companies contacted in the survey

Contacted companies in the pharmaceutical industry

NYCOMED DANMARK A/S
Orion Pharma A/S
Novo Nordisk A/S
MEKOS laboratories AS
Ferring A/S
H. Lundbeck A/S
ALK-abelló A/S
Ferrosan A/S
LEO Pharma
Ophtha A/S
Unikem

Contacted companies in the plastic industry

Polimeri Europa Norden
Stamylan Scandinavia
BP Chemicals
Plastcom
Bruno Weile Chemicals

Contacted companies in the rubber industry

Dansk Gummi Teknik A/S
Teknisk Gummi Horsens A/S
Roulunds Fabrikker A/S
Codan Gummi A/S
Willbrandt A/S
Koldvulk A/S
O. Foss Fabriker A/S
EUROBAND A/S
TOBØL DÆK A/S
Point S - Ikast Dækcenter A/S
Nordisk Olie- og Gummi Import A/S
BANTREAD A/S
SCANRUB A/S
DÆK-RINGEN Danmark

Contacted companies in the wood glue industry

Frede Andersens fabriker A/S
Casco A/S
Nordcoll A/S
Bostik A/S
Dana Lim A/S
Henkel Norden AB, Copenhagen
National Starch & Chemical A/S
PKI Supply A/S
Sika Danmark A/S
Gludan A/S
Forbo Swift Denmark A/S

Appendix 2: Amount and fate of laminated wood and plywood

Besides the produced and imported wood glue used in Denmark there will also be import of wood glue, and hence also import of resorcinol, via import of laminated wood and plywood. The flow of resorcinol via laminated wood and plywood can be estimated based on figures for the import of resorcinol via glues, the total revenue for the Danish production of laminated wood and plywood as well as the import/export of laminated wood and plywood.

Revenue of Danish production of laminated wood and plywood: 1327.3 million DKK (Statistics Denmark, 2003)
Minimum and maximum amount of imported resorcinol contained in glue: 3,391 to 11,627 kg
Amount of resorcinol per million DKK revenue: 2.55 to 8.76 kg resorcinol
Import of laminated wood and plywood: 233.3 million DKK
Export of laminated wood and plywood: 328.4 million DKK
Import of resorcinol via laminated wood and plywood: 594.9 to 2043.7 kg
Export of resorcinol via laminated wood and plywood: 837.4 to 2876.8 kg

The ultimate fate of wood products used in Denmark is assumed to be incineration with energy recovery.

Appendix 3: Amount and fate of tires

In the tire industry resorcinol is used as bonding agent for obtaining good adhesion between fabric plies and tire rubber. The bonding agents are mixed directly into the rubber compound.

Resorcinol is used in tires to bond synthetic fabrics in the rubber. Resorcinol is part of a dry system - a technique where the bonding agents are mixed directly into the rubber compound to obtain good adhesion between fabric plies and tire rubber.

If it is assumed that all the resorcinol used in the rubber industry is used in tire manufacturing, the total amount of resorcinol in tires can be calculated by linear interpolation, based on the number of cars in the world compared with the number of cars in Denmark. It should be emphasised that this is a conservative estimate, since it is known that some resorcinol in the rubber industry is used for specialised rubber products like conveyer belts.

Global consumption of resorcinol in the rubber industry: 23,000 tons/year
Number of cars in the world: 750 million (www.wri.org)
Number of cars in Denmark: 1.89 million (Statistic Denmark)
Danish share of the total number of cars in the world 0.252 %
Resorcinol in tires in Denmark based on the distribution of the number of cars: 58.0 tons/year

It is uncertain whether it is special types of tires that contain resorcinol. Therefore the tires imported to Denmark may contain more or less resorcinol than the calculated amounts. It has been estimated that the resorcinol import to Denmark via tires could be 25 % below or above the calculated figure. This means that the estimated import of resorcinol via tires will be between 43.5 and 72.5 tons.

Based on import/export figures from year 2002 and the calculated interval for the amount of resorcinol imported via tires the average content of resorcinol in Danish tires can be estimated.

Import of tires: 43,500 tons (Statistics Denmark, 2003)
Import of tires via cars: 120,000 cars * 6 tires/car * 8 kg = 4,800 tons (Association for Tire Specialists in Denmark, 2003)
Import of tires via trucks: 5,000 trucks * 10 tires/truck * 60 kg = 3,000 tons (Association for Tire Specialists in Denmark, 2003)
Export of tires: 16,600 (Statistics Denmark, 2003)
Net import of tires to Denmark: 34,700
Import of resorcinol via tires: 43,5-72,5 tons.
Average amount of resorcinol in Danish tires: 1,25 – 2,19 kg/tons

Fate of resorcinol contained in tires

Experience shows that about 17% of the tires are worn off and ends up around the roads (Association for Tire Specialists in Denmark, 2003). Some of this may be reacted resorcinol, but the exposure of the environment is assumed to be insignificant.

The majority of the remaining 83% are collected. In 1995 the Environmental Protection Agency and a number of Danish organisations agreed to collect used tires from private cars, trucks and motorcycles. Later the agreement was extended to include all motorised vehicles. The aim of the agreement is to ensure collection and recycling of tires that are disposed in Denmark. This avoids deposition at landfills and ensures a sensible resource utilisation, where recycling has a higher priority than incineration with energy recovery.

In year 2001 the collection percentage was 97%, and hence almost all tires part of the agreement were collected. Out of 43,328 tons tires that were part of the agreement 41,208 tons were collected. Of these, 87% were either used to produce rubber powder or incinerated, while about 10% were rethreaded (Affaldsstatistik 2001, Miljøstyrelsen).

Distribution figures from year 2000 shows that out of the total collected amount, 15% is used directly for rethreading, 16% is reused and 60% is recycled for an unspecified purpose, while the remaining 9% are incinerated with energy recovery (www.mst.dk/affald/01030300.htm)

From this distribution and the above calculations an estimate of the total flow of resorcinol contained in Danish tires can be established. Table 8-1 below summarises the fate of the resorcinol flow in tires.

Fate	Amount (tons)
Direct export of new tires	8300
Worn off	7300
Incinerated	4500
Rethreaded and exported	7800
Recycled	23400

Table 8-1: Flow of resorcinol via flow of tires.

The disposal routes of the collected tires implies that all resorcinol contained in the tires will either be incinerated or remain strongly bonded in a matrix in recycled products and accordingly not be released to the environment as pure resorcinol. There is, however, a small potential for resorcinol release during the regrinding process. This cannot be quantified, but is assumed to be insignificant.