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Emission and evaluation of chemical substances from selected electrical and electronic products - part 2
2 Emission tests
2.1 Selection of product types and products
2.1.1 Criteria for product selection
A number of products have been selected for emission testing in co-operation with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
The criteria for product selection have been e.g.:
- Heat generation under normal operation
- Usage pattern
- Danish consumer usage
- Whether the products are used by particularly exposed groups (children, elderly, etc.)
- The potential heath risk from the emitted substances
A total of 11 product types have been selected for emission testing. The following section provides a detailed account for the single product type.
Within each product type one or more products have been purchased for emission testing.
The products were purchased in Danish retailing. Purchase has been aimed at products that constitute a dominant or significant part of the sales within the product type in question.
It is stressed that it is about spot tests selected randomly in Danish stores. The results are thus not representative for all apparatuses of the type in question in the Danish market.
2.1.2 Outline of tested products
The following product types are selected for emission testing based in the above-mentioned criteria.
Table 2.1. Outline of tested product types
| Product type |
Description |
| Printer |
Inkjet colour printer; table model |
| Household oven |
Ceramic cooker with forced convection oven with catalytic purifying glaze |
| Hair drier |
2000 W effect |
| Mobile phone |
Mobile phone with camera |
| Iron |
Steam iron, 2000 W |
| Decorative lamp |
Lamp with halogen light source, rotating colour change and separate disco globe |
| Computer (PC) |
PC with standard monitor and keyboard |
| Tv-set |
28” 16:9 sized television |
| Electric-panel (multi-plug box) |
5-plug box without earth connection |
| Power heating unit |
500 W power heating unit for wall suspension |
| Rechargeable batteries |
3 types of rechargeable batteries including charger, all types NiMH C 1,2 V |
The test of the mobile phone has been performed partly with the phone separately partly with the phone and the charger placed in the test chamber.
Prior to the test of the rechargeable batteries three types of batteries with charger were purchased. The batteries' surface temperature during charging was measured in preparatory test. The battery with the
highest surface temperature was applied at the continued emission tests.
2.2 Description of performed measurements
2.2.1 Sample scope
The table on the following page demonstrates an outline of the sample scope i.e. measurements contra products. The selection of the sample scope has been performed based on knowledge and experiences
on potential emissions form the single products.
Table 2.2: Outline of sample scope
| Product type |
Aldehydes |
VOC’s |
Isocyanates
and amines |
Brominated
flame
retardants |
Organic tin
compounds |
| Printers |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
| Household ovens |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
| Hair driers |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
| Mobile phone |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
| Mobile phone with charges |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
| Iron |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
| Decorative lamps |
X |
X |
X |
|
X |
| Computers (PCs) |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Tv-setes |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Electric panels (multi-plug boxes) |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
| Power heating unit |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
| Rechargeable batteries |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
2.2.2 Sample preparation
The products are all tested under conditions that represent a normal utility model in any way possible. Products that consist of more parts (e.g. lamp with ancillary motor and transformer) are tested as they
are used. Lamp, motor, and transformer are thus tested as one.
The emissions are documented partly shortly after commissioning (7 hours) and after a longer period of use (9 days). Before the first emission test the products have been simulated used for 24 hours. The
product in question has been simulated used for 9 days in a relevant utility model between first and second emission test.
The table on the next page shows the simulated application situation that the apparatuses have been exposed to before, during, and in between the emission tests.
Table 2.3: Outline of application of products before and during test
| Apparatus type |
Before 1 measurement session |
During emission measurement |
Between 1 and 2 measurement session |
| Printer |
On for 7 hours without printing |
On for the entire period. Printed 30 colour copies during the measurement
period. |
On for 7 hours every day. Each day print 15 colour copies.
Between 1. and 2. emission measurement printing was change
from black/white to colour. |
| Household oven |
On for 7 hours at 200°C |
On the entire measurement period at 200°C |
On for 1 hours every day at 200°C |
| Hair drier |
On at maximum effect for 7 periods
of 15 minutes. |
On and off for periods of 15 minutes.
When operational on at maximum effect. |
On for 10 minutes every day at maximum effect. |
| Mobile phone 1 (excl.
charger) |
Charging for 7 hours. Subsequently
discharge. |
Charger outside chamber. |
On the entire period of 9 days. Charged according to need
(twice during the period). |
| Mobile phone 2 (with
charger) |
Charging for 7 hours. Subsequently
discharge. |
Charger in chamber. |
On the entire period of 9 days. Charged according to need
(twice during the period). |
| Iron |
On with maximum effect for 7 hours |
Maximum effect during the measurement period |
20-30 minutes on maximum effect every day |
| Decorative lamp |
On for 2 hours |
Lamp + motor on the entire period. |
Lamp and motor on for 2 hours every day |
| Computer (PC) |
On for 7 hours (computer and
monitor) |
Computer and monitor on the entire period running software
demo-programme. |
Computer and monitor on for 2 hours every day |
| Tv-set |
On for 7 hours |
On the entire period with screensaver |
On every day for 4.5 hours |
| Electric panels (multi-plug
boxes) |
Used for hair drier and phone
charger for 7 hours |
Subjected with approximately 2,500 W during the measurement period |
Used for hair drier and phone charger for 5-7 hours every
day |
| Power heating unit |
On with maximum effect for 7 hours |
On with maximum effect during the entire period. Effect consumption 0.59
kWh during the measurement period. |
On for 23 hours per day during the period |
| Rechargeable batteries |
Charged and discharged once |
Charging of discharged batteries |
Discharge and recharge three times in 9 days. |
2.2.3 Description of applied chamber types
The product is placed in a climate controlled test chamber that is purged with a known amount of clean air. The air supply occurs from a central installation equipped with filtration for particles and gasses.
Stainless steel chamber were applied. Present survey used chambers of 0.11 m³, 0.25 m³, and 3.2 m³ respectively depending of the size of the product.
The test chambers are built and operated in accordance with ENV 13419-1. The emission tests are carried out according to identical procedures as are specified at accredited technical testing according to
the conditions set forth in Eurofins Danmark's accreditation number 168 (DANAK).
Test conditions during the performed tests were as follows:
| Temperature: |
23 ± 2° C |
| Humidity: |
50 ± 5% RH |
| Air change: |
0.5 ± 0.05 times pr. hour. |
Due to heat emission the tested products influenced the climatic conditions in the chambers in some cases resulting in higher temperatures. The highest temperature rise was observed when testing the
household oven (Climate chamber temperature 38°C at the test stop).
2.2.4 Description of applied methods
Measurement for content of contaminations in the outlet air from the chambers was performed by collection of adsorbents or in collection fluids. A calibrated electronic flow meter types Sierra was used for
determination of the collected air amounts.
Before each emission test the chambers' background content of relevant substances (blank values) was determined. If relevant the measurement result has been corrected for blind value before calculation of
source strength from the instruments.
The single collection and analytical methods are stated below. Appendix I contain a detailed outline of the substances that are included of measurement for aldehydes, organic tin compounds, brominated
flame retardants, and isocyanates.
Aldehydes in air
| Principle: |
Aldehydes (C1-C6) collected on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine coatet silicagel tubes, eluted with acetonitril. Analysis by HPLC/UV. |
References: |
ISO/DIS 16000-3
VDI 3862-3. |
Limit of detection: |
0.1-0.5 µg |
Volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC) in air
| Principle: |
Volatile organic compounds collected on ATD-combi tubes with Tenax TA/Chromosorb 106. The components are desorbed thermally from the tubes and analysed at gas chromatography with mass specific detector (ATD/GC/MS). A number of components are quantified relative to toluene (toluene equivalents). These components are marked with a star (*) in the table of results. |
References: |
ISO/CD 16017-1
MHDS 72 |
Limit of detection: |
5 ng |
Isocyanates and amines in air
| Principle: |
Isocyanates/amines are collected in impinger bottles containing dibutylamine in toluene. Amines are derived accordingly with ethylchloroformiate. The derivates are analysed by use of
high-performance liquid chromatography with mass selective detection (HPLC/MS).
The method identifies and quantifies diisocyanate, monoisocyanate, isocyanic acid, aminoisocyanates, and amines. |
References: |
Analyst, 121 (1996) p. 1101-1106. |
Limit of detection: |
0.02 µg (butylisocyanate however 0.1 µg total). |
Organic tin compounds
| Principle: |
The substances are collected on XADII adsorbent by absorbing a known airflow through the adsorbents. The components are extracted from the adsorption material with 10% acetic acid in methanol. The extract is transferred to water phase and derived with sodium tetraethylborate. The derivates are extracted accordingly with pentane and analysed following evaporation at GC-MS. Tripropyltin is used as internal standard. |
Limit of detection: |
0.02 µg |
Brominated flame retardants
| Principle: |
Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), polybrominated biphenyles (PBB), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabrombisphenol A (TBBPA) are collected on adsorption tubes containing
XADII. The samples are soxhlet extracted with toluene, added 13C-labelled internal standards, and analysed at gas chormatography with mass selective detection in the laboratorlabelled internal standards,
and analysed at gas chormatography with mass selective detection in the laboratory. |
References: |
Environment International 29 (2003) 663-664
ISO draft method 22023 |
Limit of detection: |
0.2 – 5 ng |
2.3 Results
The results of the performed emission measurements are given on the following pages. A number of the applied methods are screening methods that measure a very large amount of substances. For clarity
only the substances that evaporate in amounts larger than 1 µg/unit/hour. This limit of detection corresponds to the limit of detection applied at survey no 32.
The substances' labelling according to the following lists is given in the tables of results:
- The list of hazardous substances, Order no 439 of June 2002
- The Danish Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines to self classification of hazardous substances, (2001)
- List of unwanted substances, (2004)
Appendix I contain a complete list of the substances that the measurements for aldehydes, isocyanates, aminoisocyanates, amines, organic tin compounds, and brominated flame retardants have included.
2.3.1 Printer
Table 2.4: Emissions from printer
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Acetic acid |
64-19-7 |
34 |
<2 |
R10 C;R35 |
| Limonen* |
5989-27-5 |
27 |
<2 |
R10 Xi;R38 R43 N;R50/53 |
| Siloxanes* |
- |
22 |
<2 |
|
| 3-Caren |
13466-78-9 |
5.4 |
<2 |
|
| 2-Ethylhexylacrylate* |
103-11-7 |
4.0 |
5.4 |
Xi;R37/38 R43 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
3.5 |
7.8 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
2.2 |
<2 |
|
| 2-Pyrrolidinone |
616-45-5 |
<2 |
61 |
Xn;R22 |
| 1,2-Hexandiol* |
6920-22-5 |
<2 |
24 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
12 |
12 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
Note: Toner change from black to colour between 1. and 2. measurement round
2.4 Household oven
Table 2.5: Emissions from household oven
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Siloxanes* |
- |
1100 |
290 |
|
| 2-butanon |
78-93-3 |
990 |
400 |
F;R11 Xi;R36 R66 R67 |
| Unidentified fluorine compounds* |
- |
450 |
7.2 |
|
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
160 |
210 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Hydrocarbons C10-C18 |
- |
57 |
4.2 |
|
| 3-Caren |
13466-78-9 |
42 |
<5 |
N;R51/53 |
| Nonanal |
124-19-6 |
30 |
<5 |
N; R50 |
| Butyraldehyde |
123-72-8 |
27 |
27 |
F; R11 |
| Limonen |
138-86-3 |
26 |
<5 |
R10 Xi;R38 R43 N;R50/53 |
| Benzene |
71-43-2 |
18 |
<5 |
T;R48/23/24/25 |
| Octanal |
124-13-0 |
18 |
<5 |
R10 Xi;R36/38 |
| Ethylhexanol |
104-76-7 |
18 |
<5 |
|
| Benzoic acid* |
65-86-0 |
13 |
6.7 |
|
| Phenol |
108-95-2 |
13 |
<5 |
T;R24/25; C;R 34List of unwanted substances |
| Nonanic acid* |
112-05-0 |
11 |
<5 |
C;R34 |
| alfa-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
10 |
7.8 |
N;R50/53 |
| C10-aromates |
- |
10 |
<5 |
|
| Decanal* |
112-31-2 |
9.8 |
<5 |
|
| Diethylphthalate |
84-66-2 |
8.0 |
<5 |
|
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
7.8 |
<5 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| 2-Ethyl hexanic acid |
149-57-5 |
6.1 |
<5 |
Rep3;R63 |
| Benzaldehyde |
100-52-7 |
5.6 |
4.2 |
Xn;R22 |
| C9-aromates |
- |
5.1 |
<5 |
|
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
5.0 |
<5 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Methylisocyanate |
624-83-9 |
0.75 |
<5 |
Fx ;R12 T;R23/24/25 Xi;R36/37/38 |
| Isocyanic acid |
75-13-8 |
0.67 |
<5 |
|
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
<3 |
120 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Pentanal |
110-62-3 |
<3 |
40 |
|
| Propionaldehyde |
123-38-6 |
<3 |
22 |
F;R11 Xi;R36/37/38 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
160 |
<10 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.4.1 Hårtørrer
Table 2.6: Emissions from hair dryer
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Hydrocarbons C12-C16* |
- |
130 |
120 |
|
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
11 |
15 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Butylacetate |
123-86-4 |
10 |
<3 |
R10 R66 R67 |
| Dibutylphthalate |
84-74-2 |
9.0 |
<3 |
Rep2;R61 Rep3;R62 N;R50 |
| Ethylbenzene |
100-41-4 |
7.7 |
11 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 suspected carcinogenic |
| Butanol* |
110-82-7 |
5.6 |
14 |
F;R11 Xi; R38 Xn; R65 R67 N; 50/53 |
| Limonen* |
5989-27-5 |
5.3 |
<3 |
R10 Xi; R38 R43 N;50/53 |
| Tetrahydrofurane* |
109-99-9 |
4.6 |
<3 |
F; R11 R19 Xi;R36/37 |
| Benzothiazol* |
95-16-9 |
4.5 |
6.7 |
Xn; R22 R43 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
4.2 |
5.8 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Ethylglycolacetate* |
111-15-9 |
4.0 |
6.4 |
Rep2;R60-61 Xn;R20/21/22 |
| Ethylhexanol |
104-76-7 |
4.0 |
<3 |
|
| Butyraldehyde |
123-72-8 |
3.8 |
<5 |
F;R11 |
| 3-Caren |
13466-78-9 |
2.4 |
<3 |
N;R51/53 |
| Phenyl-1-butene |
824-90-8 |
<2 |
2.2 |
|
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
<2 |
1.8 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| C10 aromates |
- |
<2 |
1.8 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5 Iron
Table 2.7: Emissions from iron
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Hydrocarbons* C6-C18 |
- |
230 |
16 |
|
| Siloxaners* |
- |
100 |
25 |
|
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
29 |
0.06 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
25 |
0.64 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
18 |
<1 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Trimethylsilanol* |
1066-40-6 |
16 |
<1 |
|
| Butanol* |
110-82-7 |
24 |
0.91 |
F;R11 Xi; R38 Xn; R65 R67 N; 50/53 |
| Phenol |
108-95-2 |
12 |
1.5 |
T;R24/25; C;R34List of unwanted substances |
| Tetrahydrofurane* |
109-99-6 |
9.6 |
<1 |
F;R11 R19 Xi;R36/37 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
5.3 |
<0.3 |
|
| 1,1-Phenylen-bis-ethanon* |
1009-61-6 |
5.0 |
3.8 |
|
| Methoxy-phenyl oxime* |
1000222-86-6 |
4.5 |
1.2 |
|
| N-methylpyrrolidon |
872-50-4 |
4.4 |
<1 |
Xi; R36/38 |
| C9-aromatee |
- |
2.5 |
<1 |
|
| Butyrolacton* |
96-48-0 |
2.1 |
<1 |
|
| Benzaldehyde |
100-52-7 |
1.5 |
<0.3 |
Xn;R22 |
| Butyraldehyde |
123-72-8 |
1.3 |
<0.3 |
F;R11 |
| Acetophenon |
98-86-2 |
0.89 |
<0.5 |
Xn;R22 Xi;R36 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
91 |
6,6 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
Emission of nonaBDE and decaBDE (brominated flame retardants) was determined from the product. The source strenght is less than 0.05 µg/unit per hour for both substances.
2.5.1 Decorative lamp
Table 2.8: Emissions from decorative lamp
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Hydrocarbons C9-C17 |
- |
390 |
120 |
|
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
200 |
41 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Ethylbenzene |
100-41-4 |
180 |
28 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 suspected carcinogenic |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
170 |
43 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Butanol |
110-82-7 |
260 |
88 |
F;R11 Xi; R38 Xn; R65 R67 N; 50/53 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
79 |
14 |
|
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
58 |
8.6 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 |
| C9-aromates |
- |
38 |
<2 |
|
| Pentanal |
110-62-3 |
25 |
7.9 |
|
| Butyraldehyde |
100-52-7 |
24 |
4.6 |
F ;R11 |
| C10-aromates |
- |
21 |
<2 |
|
| Acetophenon |
98-86-2 |
12 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 Xi;R36 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
10 |
2 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Methyl formal |
109-87-5 |
6.4 |
<2 |
|
| Propionaldehyde |
123-38-6 |
5.8 |
1.1 |
F;R11 Xi;R26/37/38 |
| Butyl formate* |
592-84-7 |
5.0 |
1.4 |
F;R11 Xi;R36/37 |
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
2.6 |
<2 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| 2-Ethylfurane |
3208-16-0 |
0.56 |
<2 |
Xn ;R22 |
| Ethylhexanol |
104-76-7 |
<2 |
6.3 |
|
| Benzaldehyde |
100-52-7 |
9,4 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 |
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.2 Mobile phone 1 (without charger)
Table 2.9: Emissions from mobile phone excl. charger
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
29 |
<1 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 |
| Siloxanes* |
- |
1.6 |
<1 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.3 Mobile phone 2 (incl. charger)
Table 2.10: Emissions from mobile phone incl. charger
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
17 |
<1 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 |
| Siloxanes* |
- |
2.1 |
<1 |
|
Butylated
Hydroxytoluene |
128-37-0 |
1.3 |
<1 |
Xn,R22 N;R50/53List of unwanted substances |
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
1.1 |
<1 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
0.21 |
<0.4 |
|
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
0.061 |
<0.4 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
0.017 |
<0.2 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.4 Computer (PC)
Table 2.11: Emissions from computer (PC)
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Hydrocarbons* C8-C15 |
- |
480 |
260 |
|
| Phenol |
108-95-2 |
140 |
140 |
T;R24/25; C;R 34List of unwanted substances |
| C10-aromates* |
- |
130 |
46 |
|
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
91 |
75 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Butanol |
110-82-7 |
66 |
88 |
F;R11 Xi; R38 Xn; R65 R67 N; 50/53 |
| Ethylbenzens* |
100-41-4 |
66 |
51 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 suspected carcinogenic |
| C9-aromates |
- |
42 |
22 |
|
| Ethylhexanol |
104-76-7 |
37 |
30 |
|
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
29 |
32 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Acetophenon |
96-86-7 |
27 |
18 |
Xn :R22 Xi ;R36 |
| Ethylhexylacrylate* |
103-11-7 |
27 |
30 |
Xi;R37/38 R43 |
| Siloxanes |
- |
26 |
40 |
|
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
22 |
16 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| 2-Ethylhexanic acid |
149-57-5 |
15 |
<2 |
Rep3;R63 |
| Butyldiglycol* |
112-34-5 |
14 |
2.8 |
Xi;R36 |
| Tetrahydrofurane* |
109-99-9 |
14 |
24 |
F;R11 R19 Xi;R36/37 |
| 2-Butoxyethanol |
111-76-2 |
13 |
<2 |
Xn; R20/21/22 Xi; R36/38 |
| 2,3-Dihydro-4-methyl-1H-Inden* |
824-22-6 |
13 |
4.5 |
|
| Naphtalene |
91-20-3 |
11 |
5.8 |
Xn;R22 N;R50/53List of unwanted substances |
| alfa-Pinen |
108-95-2 |
11 |
12 |
N;R50/53 |
| p-Cresol* |
106-44-5 |
10 |
8.3 |
T;R24/25 C;R34 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
7.5 |
8.8 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene |
475-20-7 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
Xn,R22 N;R50/53List of unwanted substances |
| Longifolen |
103-11-7 |
6.6 |
2.6 |
Xi;R37/38 R43 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
6.2 |
<2 |
|
| 1,6-dichlorocyclooctadien* |
29480-42-0 |
5.9 |
<2 |
|
| Hydroxyethylmethacrylate* |
868-77-9 |
5.6 |
3.5 |
Xi;R36/38 R43 |
| Methylnapthalene* |
90-12-0 |
5.1 |
<2 |
|
| Propionaldehyde |
123-38-6 |
5.0 |
<2 |
F ;R11 Xi;R36/37/38 |
| Kodaflex |
6846-50-0 |
4.0 |
<2 |
R43 |
| 2-Methylcyclopentanon* |
1120-72-5 |
2.6 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 |
| Decahydronaphtalene* |
493-02-7 |
2.1 |
<2 |
|
| Ethylacetate |
141-78-6 |
<2 |
12 |
F;R11 Xi;R36 R66 R67 |
| Butylglycol |
111-76-2 |
<2 |
6.6 |
Xn;R20/21/22 Xi;R36/38 |
| Benzaldehyde |
100-52-7 |
<2 |
4.1 |
Xn;R22 |
| 3-Caren |
13466-78-9 |
<2 |
2.7 |
N;R51/53 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
78 |
<10 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.5 TV-set
Table 2.12: Emissions from TV-set
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Acetic acid |
64-19-7 |
56 |
38 |
R10 C;R35 |
| 2-(2-ethoxyethoxyethanol)* |
111-90-0 |
51 |
40 |
|
| Phenol |
108-95-2 |
30 |
<2 |
T;R24/25; C;R 34List of unwanted substances |
| 2-Butoxyethanol |
111-76-2 |
24 |
16 |
Xn;R20/21/22 Xi;R36/38 |
| Hydrocarbons C9-C16 |
- |
20 |
9.4 |
|
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
13 |
7.7 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
13 |
<1 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
10 |
<2 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Limonen |
5989-27-5 |
10 |
<2 |
R10 Xi;R38 R43 N;50/53 |
| Methylmethacrylate |
80-62-6 |
6.9 |
<2 |
F;R11 Xi;R37/38 R43 List of unwanted substances |
| alfa-Pinen |
108-95-2 |
5.8 |
<2 |
N;R50/53 |
| Hexanic acid |
142-62-1 |
5.8 |
6.7 |
|
| C9-aromates |
- |
5.6 |
<2 |
|
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
5.4 |
<2 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol |
104-76-7 |
5.3 |
<2 |
|
| Benzaldehyde |
100-52-7 |
5 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 |
| 3-Caren |
13466-78-9 |
4.3 |
<2 |
N;R51/53 |
| Butyraldehyde |
123-72-8 |
4.0 |
<2 |
F;R11 |
| 1-Ethenyl-4-ethyl benzene* |
3454-07-7 |
3.7 |
<2 |
|
| Ethylbenzene |
100-41-4 |
3.2 |
<2 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 suspected carcinogenic |
| Texanol* |
25265-77-4 |
3.2 |
2.6 |
|
| Phthalic acid anhydride* |
85-44-9 |
3.0 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 Xi;R37/38-41R42/43List of unwanted substances |
| Naphtalene |
91-20-3 |
1.9 |
<2 |
Xn;R22 N;R50/53List of unwanted substances |
| Diethylphthalate |
84-66-2 |
1.9 |
<2 |
|
| 2-methyl-1-propyl benzene |
768-49-0 |
1.7 |
<2 |
N;R50/53 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
38 |
23 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.6 Electric panel (multi plug box)
Table 2.13: Emissions from electric panel (multi plug box)
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| 2-Ethylhexanol |
104-76-7 |
5 |
2.3 |
|
| Hydrocarbons C11-C14 |
- |
0.5 |
<1 |
|
| alfa-Pinen |
108-95 |
0.42 |
<1 |
N;R50/53 |
| Longifolen* |
103-11-7 |
0.26 |
<1 |
Xi;R38 R43 N;R50/53 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
0.06 |
0.50 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
0.06 |
<0.1 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.7 Power heating unit
Table 2.14: Emissions from power heating unit
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Hydrocarbons C6-C11 |
- |
14 |
<2 |
|
| Acetophenon |
98-86-2 |
14 |
13 |
Xn;R22 Xi;R36 |
| Propionaldehyde |
123-38-6 |
9.1 |
<2 |
F;R11 Xi;R36/37/38 |
| Siloxanes* |
- |
9.0 |
<2 |
|
| Acetic acid |
64-19-7 |
7.4 |
<2 |
R10 C;R35 |
| Hexane |
110-54-3 |
7.2 |
<2 |
F;R11 Xi;R38 Xn;R48/20-65Rep3R62 R67 N,R51/53 |
| Butylacetate |
123-86-4 |
4.8 |
<2 |
R10 R66 R67 |
| Hexanic acid |
142-62-1 |
4.8 |
<2 |
|
| Heptanic acid* |
111-14-8 |
4.8 |
<2 |
C;R34 |
| Nonanic acid |
112-05-0 |
4.3 |
<2 |
C;R34 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
3.7 |
<2 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| Octanic acid |
124-07-2 |
2.6 |
<2 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
2.5.8 Rechargeable batteries
Table 2.15: Emissions from rechargeable batteries
| |
CAS no |
After 7 hours |
After 9 days |
Labelling |
| Substance |
|
(µg/unit/hour) |
(µg/unit/hour) |
|
| Xylene |
106-42-3 |
170 |
46 |
R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38 |
| Ethylbenzene |
100-41-4 |
140 |
34 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 mistænkt kræftfr. |
| C9-aromates |
- |
83 |
24 |
|
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
77 |
9.4 |
F;R11 Xn;R20 |
| C10-aromates |
- |
13 |
1.2 |
|
| Hydrocarbons C8-C14 |
- |
8.3 |
<1 |
|
| Styrene |
100-42-5 |
7.2 |
1.4 |
R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38 |
| Acetophenon |
98-86-2 |
1.8 |
<1 |
Xn;R22 Xi;R36 |
| Benzaldehyds |
100-52-7 |
0.94 |
<1 |
Xn;R22 |
| Hexanal |
66-25-1 |
0.83 |
<0.1 |
|
| Limonen* |
5989-27-5 |
0.77 |
<1 |
R10 Xi;R38 Rr43 N;R50/53 |
| Propionaldehyde |
123-38-6 |
0.37 |
2.3 |
F;R11 Xi;R36/37/38 |
| Formaldehyde |
50-00-0 |
0.22 |
0.28 |
T; R23/24/25 C;R34 Carc3;R40 R43 |
| Acetaldehyde |
75-07-0 |
0.16 |
<0.1 |
Fx;R12 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Unidentified |
- |
4.3 |
<2 |
|
*: Quantified as toluene equivalents
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Version 1.0 March 2006, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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