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Mapping of perfume in toys and children's articles
9 Evaluation of health conditions when using toys containing fragrance or flavour
9.1 Fragrances in toys
The 10 products that were selected due to their scent characteristics in phase 2 were analyzed for 26 sensitizing fragrances. Of the 26 fragrances, 24 have been assessed as sensitizing by EU's Scientific
Committee for Cosmetics (SCCNFP) and two additional fragrances, oakmoss and treemoss, have been selected for analysis.
18 substances in total were detected, contained in 7 products. The below table sums up the results of the analysis described in chapter 7, including the found concentrations. An X in the table indicates that
occurrence of the fragrance in question has been demonstrated in the product. No sensitizing fragrances were found in the products D02, D09 and D14.
Table 9.1: Occurrence of sensitizing fragrances in selected products
| Product |
D 01 |
D 04 |
D 06 |
D 08
yellow
|
D 08
red
|
D 12*^ |
D 15 |
Description of the
test |
Liquid |
Paper |
Eraser |
Internals
of speed
marker |
Internals
of speed
marker |
Scent balls |
Scent balls |
| Amyl cinnamal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
X |
- |
| Benzyl alcohol |
- |
X |
X |
- |
X |
- |
- |
| Benzyl benzoat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
| Benzyl salicylate |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
X |
| Cinnamyl alcohol |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
X |
| Cinnamal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
| Citral |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Citronellol |
- |
X |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
| Coumarin |
- |
X |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
| Eugenol |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
| Geraniol |
- |
X |
- |
X |
X |
- |
X |
| Hexylcinnamaldehyde |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
| Hydroxycitronellal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
X |
| -Isomethylionon |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
| Lillial |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
- |
| D-limonen |
X |
- |
X |
X |
- |
- |
X |
| Linalool |
- |
X |
X |
X |
- |
- |
- |
| Lyral |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X |
* The product is now available without any fragrances
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
No exposure scenarios have been worked out for the sensitizing fragrances, as they are already unwanted in toys for children irrespective of concentration level. It is recommended, however, that consumers
avoid these products until the producers have removed the sensitizing fragrances from the products. This has already been done for one of the tested products (D12) and for other small children's (below the
age of 3 years) articles of the producer that are now available without any fragrances.
9.2 Evaluation of health conditions in relation to single substances in toys containing fragrance or flavour
When playing with the toys, fragrances or flavouring agents may be released to the air, from where they can be inhaled or transferred to the skin via sweat, compare chapter 7.
Tests of migration to sweat show that single substances can be transferred to sweat from the products D09, D12, D14 and D15. All these products are intended for children below the age of three years.
The emission tests show that the products selected for test, viz. D02, D04, D08, D09, D12, D14 and D15, all contain volatile substances that are liberated to the air in different concentrations. The volatile
substances are as also mentioned earlier fragrances and organic solvents.
Exposure scenarios have been made and calculations have been carried out for the potential absorption of single substances via the skin or through inhalation. The calculations have been made for the 11
selected substances described in chapter 8.4.
To assess the health effects from the substances at absorption via the skin or the health effects when inhaling volatile substances liberated from the toys, the calculated absorption and the concentration of the
single substance in the air respectively, have been compared with relevant NOAEL/LOAEL values and/or relevant Lowest Concentration of Interest (LCI values). A safety margin has been calculated
(Margin of Safety, MoS) which is the margin between the exposure level and the relevant NOAEL/LOAEL value. MoS is calculated as NOAEL/LOAEL divided by the calculated intake or the
concentration in the air. MoS must take the extrapolation from animals and humans, the variation in sensitivity in the population and the seriousness of the effect into consideration. Where health effects such
as carcinogenic, reproductive, allergic or neuro toxic effects are suspected, the safety margin should be at least 1,000, while the safety margin for the other substances should be at least 100 as all the utilize
NOALE/LOAEL values are based on animal tests.
Only one of the 11 selected substances, tris(2-chlorethyl)phosphate, is liberated by migration to sweat, while 10 substances were liberated during the emission test and may be inhaled when playing with the
toys. Tris(2-chlorethyl)phosphate is not demonstrated in the emission test.
9.3 Evaluation of health conditions in relation to tri(2-chlorethyl)phosphate at skin absorption
Tris(2-chlorethyl)phosphate was detected in the migration test in a quantity of 5,900 mg/kg product in product D12 (average of the 3 quantitative determinations, table 7.4).
Exposure scenarios for use of toys (D12) containing the substance show that the substance can be absorbed at levels of 5.8 mg/kg body weight/day for a child below the age of three years.
Uder, pot = C/a * A * n / BW = 5900/(9/0,1)*60,3*0,022*1/15 = 5,8 mg/kg/day
The acceptable daily intake of the substance is specified as NOAEL with a safety factor of 1,000 due to suspicion of carcinogenic effect.
Table 9.2: Calculated absorption of tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, and margin of safety
| Person group |
Calculated intake
µg/kg/day |
LOAEL
µg/kg body weight/day
|
Margin of safety1 |
Children below the
age of three years |
5,800 |
12,000 |
2 |
1 Margin of safety is the estimated LOAEL divided by the calculated intake
A MoS at 2 must be regarded as low for a substance even if the calculations are based on a worst-case exposure assumption. Usually, a much higher safety margin is required for calculation of a tolerable
exposure level as, in this specific case, the following should be taken into consideration: 1) extrapolation of animal tests to humans, 2) individual sensitivity differences from man to man, and 3) that the basis of
the calculations is an effect level (a LOAEL) and that the substance can cause serious effects such as cancer. The first two circumstances alone, would, normally, result in a safety margin (Margin of Safety)
of at least 100
Migration tests are as described carried out during 24 hours. Consequently, it is not know when and how fast the substance is liberated to the sweat solution. The total quantity of the substance is therefore
regarded as available. If the liberation is regarded as linear during 24 hours, the contact period with the toys will be important. If a linear deviation is assumed, and it is included that the child is in contact with
the toy 3 hours per day, it will indicate a MoS at 17. This is far below 100. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this type of toy can also be put in the mouth, and as it is marketed for small children, it is
anticipated that they will such on the product and hereby be exposed to the substance both via the skin and orally. This means that the intake can become even higher than the 5,800 µg/kg/day.
Conclusion
Assessments show that intake of tris(2-chlorethyl)phosphate can cause risk of health effects. The substance can be absorbed in concentrations not far from the lowest concentration that, after long-term
exposure, can cause kidney injuries in animal test. Furthermore, the substance has been found to be carcinogenic both in mice and rats after long-term exposure. It is also assessed that the substance is not
necessary in this type of product for babies.
9.4 Evaluation of health conditions at exposure to single substances via inhalation
The exposure at inhalation can be calculated on the basis of the results from the emission test. The calculated exposure can subsequently be evaluated in regard to potential health effects.
In the following table, the results from the emission test are shown for the substances that have been selected for a further evaluation. The concentration of the selected single substances is shown for each of
the 7 products included in this test.
Table 9.3: Concentrations of selected single substances liberated during emission test (compare table 7.5). The concentration is related to 1 g of the product or the fragrant part.
| Chemical substance |
Emission in µg/m³ (per g tested toys for the single product) |
| D022 |
D041 |
D082 |
D091 |
D121 ^ |
D141 ^ |
D151 |
| tert-butanol |
- |
- |
1.300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| n-butylacetate |
5,900 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
14 |
- |
| Butylglycol |
9,400 |
27 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Cyclohexanon |
24,000 |
38 |
- |
- |
- |
37 |
- |
| Ethylbenzene |
1,100 |
- |
- |
- |
540 |
- |
- |
| Hexane |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
16 |
- |
| Methylethylketone (MEK) |
990 |
- |
1,100 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Methylisobutylketone (MiBK) |
- |
40 |
- |
- |
27 |
- |
- |
| Toluene |
6,700 |
32 |
- |
24 |
47 |
68 |
45 |
| Xylenes |
590 |
- |
- |
- |
500 |
10 |
11 |
1 The results are per g of the entire product, as a subset of all parts has been tested
2 The result is per g of the fragrant part
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
Data in table 9.3 originate from the emission test reported in chapter 7.
On the basis of data from table 9.3, the exposure at inhalation when playing with the product is calculated according to formula 4 (see chapter 8.3). When making the calculation, it is assumed that all
fragrances in the product are liberated. The calculation results of the exposure at inhalation of the selected substances are shown in table 9.4 for the seven products, D02, D04, D08, D09, D12, D14 and
D15, that liberate one or more of the selected substances during emission.
The calculation of exposure at inhalation can be illustrated for emission of tert-butanol from product D08 as follows:
C = C0*n0*V0/ V * n = 1.300*2,9*0,0006/2*0,5 = 2,3 µg/m³
Table 9.4: Exposure at inhalation calculated according to formula 4 (compare chapter 8.3). The concentration is related to 1 g of the product or the fragrant part.
| Chemical substance |
Calculated exposure µg/m³ (per g tested toys for the single product) |
| D022 |
D041 |
D082 |
D091 |
D121 ^ |
D141 ^ |
D151 |
| tert-butanol |
- |
- |
4.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| n-butylacetate |
10.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.02 |
- |
| Butylglycol |
16.4 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Cyclohexanon |
41.8 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
0.06 |
- |
| Ethylbenzene |
1.9 |
- |
- |
- |
0.94 |
- |
- |
| Hexane |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.03 |
- |
| Methylethylketone (MEK) |
1.7 |
- |
1.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Methylisobutylketone (MiBK) |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
0.05 |
- |
- |
| Toluene |
11.7 |
0.06 |
- |
0.04 |
0.08 |
0.12 |
0.08 |
| Xylenes |
1.0 |
- |
- |
- |
0,87 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
1 The results are per g of the entire product, as a subset of all parts has been tested
2 The result is per g of the fragrant part
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
The emission test was carried out for a subset of the products, being a representative subset of the whole product or only of the fragrant part of the product.
Evaluation of health in relation to exposure to the single substances is commented in the following sections, comparing the exposure from playing with the tested products with LCI values and estimated
NOAEL values when calculating the safety margin. The higher the margin, the lesser the risk for health effects.. Some of the substances have been compared with the odour threshold values.
9.4.1 Tert-butanol
Tert-butanol was detected from product D08 during the emission test. The substance was probably added to release scent.
The calculated concentration at inhalation in table 9.4 applies to 1 g of the product. The part of the product that releases scent weighs 1.8 g. This means that the total exposure when using the product is
estimated at 8.8 1 µg/m³.
Table 9.5: Calculated concentration at inhalation of tert-butanol.
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
Odour thresholdµg/m³ |
1/100 NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D08 |
8.8 |
1,000 |
70,000 |
60,530 |
6.9·105 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
As the level is far below the LCI value (EU 1997), it is assessed that use of the product will not cause any acute inconvenience like mucosal irritations due to emission of tert-butanol.
The level is also far below the estimated NOAEL value and the odour threshold for the substance. MoS is sufficiently high as to conclude that there is no risk of inconvenience due to liberation of tert-butanol
when using D08.
9.4.2 n-butylacetate
n-butylacetate has been demonstrated in emission from products D02 and D14. The substance has probably been added to release scent. The calculated concentration in table 9.4 applies to 1 g of the
product.
Considering the weight of the product and the part of the product that releases scent, the total exposure when using the product is 10.3 µg/m³ from product D02 and 3.3 µg/m³ from product D14.
Table 9.6: Calculated concentration at inhalation of n-butylacetate
| Product |
Calculated concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
Odour thresholdµg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
1/100 NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
10.3 |
7,000 |
47 |
7,230.000 |
72,300 |
7.0·105 |
7,019 |
| D14 |
3.3 |
7,000 |
47 |
7,230.000 |
72,300 |
2.2·106 |
21,909 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
The levels are far below the LCI value and the odour threshold for the substance. Furthermore, MoS is considerably higher than (>100) for both products. It is therefore assessed that emission of
butylacetate from the two products will not cause any mucosal irritations.
9.4.3 Butylglycol
Butylglycol has been demonstrated in the emission from D02 and D04. When the weight of the products in question is included, the concentration around the person is 16.4 µg/m³ from product D02 and 5
µg/m³ from product D04.
Table 9.7: Calculated concentration at inhalation of butyglycol
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
Odour
threshold µg/m³ |
NOAEL
µg/m³ |
Margin of
safety2 |
| D02 |
16.4 |
1,000 |
5 |
240,000 |
1.5·104 |
| D04 |
5.0 |
1,000 |
5 |
240,000 |
4.8·104 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
For both products, the level is below the LCI value of 1,000 µg/m³ (EU 1997).
The NOAEL value for harmful effects is 240 mg/m³. MoS is sufficiently high to assess that there is no risk of any harmful effects due to liberation of butylglycol from the two products.
As the odour threshold for the substance is very low (5 µg/m³), the liberation of butylglycol from product D02 will cause an odour/scent. The calculated concentration when inhaling butylglycol liberated from
product D04 is close to the odour threshold for the substance.
9.4.4 Cyclohexanon
Cyclohexanon has been found in the emission from products D02, D04 and D14. The substance was probably added to release scent.
The calculation of the concentration around the person using the product shows levels of 41.8 µg/m³ (D02), 0.07 µg/m³ (D04) and 0.05 µg/m³ (D14) in case of 1 g of the product. If these levels are
converted to the weight of the actual products, this corresponds to concentrations in the inhalation air of 41.8 µg/m³ for D02, 7 µg/m³ for D04 and 9.9 µg/m³ for D14.
Table 9.8: Calculated concentration at inhalation of cyclohexanon
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1
µg/m³ |
LCI
µg/m³ |
NOAEL
µg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
41.8 |
1,000 |
2,450.000 |
5.9·104 |
| D04 |
7.0 |
1,000 |
2,450.000 |
3.5·105 |
| D14 |
9.9 |
1,000 |
2,450.000 |
2.5·105 |
1 The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
The concentration in the inhalation air is far below the LCI value for cyclohexanon for all three products, i.e. there is no risk of any health effects like mucosal irritations.
Animal trials have demonstrated a risk of health effects where the NOAEL value is determined at 2,450 mg/m³. The calculated MoS will therefore be higher than 1,000 for all three products.
It is therefore assessed that the use of products D02, D04 and D14 does not imply any health effects due to liberation of cyclohexanon.
9.4.5 Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzene was found in the emission from products D02 and D12. Calculation of the concentration around the person using the products shows levels of 1.9 µg/m³ for product D02 and 94 µg/m³ for
product D12, taking the weight of the products into consideration.
Table 9.9: Calculated concentration at inhalation of ethylbenzene
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1
µg/m³ |
LCI
µg/m³ |
NOAEL
µg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
1.9 |
1,000 |
10,000 |
5.3·103 |
| D12^ |
94 |
1,000 |
10,000 |
100 |
1 The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
The concentration of ethylbenzene is for both products far below the LCI value. The NOAEL value for effects on kidneys, liver and blood at inhalation has been determined at 10 mg/m³ during animal trials.
The concentration of ethylbenzene is far below this value for D02. with a MoS above 1,000. There is therefore no risk of harmful effects due to liberation of ethylbenzene from the D02 product.
The liberation of ethylbenzene from product D12 is close to the lower effect limit for harmful effects with a MoS at 100. This is the least acceptable safety margin for ethylbenzene and it is therefore
concluded that there may be a risk of health effects when using the product. Product D12 is intended for children below the age of three years.
9.4.6 Hexane
Hexane was found in the emission from product D14. Calculation of the concentration around the person shows a concentration in the inhalation air of 3 µg/m³ when including the weight of the product.
Table 9.10: Calculated concentration at inhalation of hexane
| Product |
Calculated koncentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
RfC mg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D14^ |
3.0 |
700 |
200 |
1,762.000 |
5.9·105 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
The concentration of hexane is far below the LCI and RfC values. The concentration is also far below the NOAEL value which is the lower effect limit for irritation. There is therefore no risk of
inconvenience or health effects from the emission of hexane from the two products.
9.4.7 Methylethylketone (MEK)
Methylethylketone was found in the emission from products D02 and D08. The substance was probably added to release scent.
Calculation of the concentration around the person using the products shows levels of 1.7 µg/m³ for product D02 and of 3.4 µg/m³ for product D08, taking the weight of the products into account.
Table 9.11: Calculated concentration at inhalation of methylethylketone (MEK)
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
Odour thresholdµg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
1.7 |
1,000 |
870 |
2,945,000 |
1.7·106 |
| D08 |
3.4 |
1,000 |
870 |
2,945,000 |
8.7·105 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
The concentration of methylethylketone (MEK) liberated from products D02 and D08 is far below the LCI value and odour threshold for the substance. The concentrations are also far below the lower
effect limit for harmful effects, and the safety margin (MoS) is therefore sufficiently high for playing with the two products.
It is therefore assessed that there is no risk of inconvenience or health effects from methylethylketone from the two products.
9.4.8 Methylisobutylketone (MiBK)
Methylisobutylketone was found in the emission from products D04 and D12. The substance was probably added to release scent.
Calculation of the concentration around the person using the products shows levels of 7 µg/m³ for product D04 and of 5 µg/m³ for product D12, taking the weight of the products into consideration.
Table 9.12: Calculated concentration at inhalation of methylisobutylketone (MiBK)
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D04 |
7.0 |
1,000 |
208,000 |
3.0·104 |
| D12^ |
5.0 |
1,000 |
208,000 |
4.2·104 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
Both levels are very low and far below the LCI value for the substance. The levels are also far below the NOAEL value for effects on blood, liver and kidneys and on the basis of the calculated MoS it is
assessed that there is no risk of health effects due to emission of methylisobutylketone from the two products.
9.4.9 Toluene
Toluene was found in the emission from products D02, D04, D09, D12, D14 and D15. Calculation of the concentration around the person using the products shows levels of 11.7 µg/m³ for product D02, 6
µg/m³ for product D04, 4 µg/m³ for product D09, 8 µg/m³ for product D12, 20 µg/m³ for product D14 and 8 µg/m³ for product D15, considering the weight of the products.
Table 9.13: Calculated concentration at inhalation of toluene
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
11.7 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
3.2·104 |
| D04 |
6.0 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
6.3·104 |
| D09 |
4.0 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
9.4·104 |
| D12^ |
8.0 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
4.7·104 |
| D14^ |
20.0 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
1.9·104 |
| D15 |
8.0 |
1,000 |
377,000 |
4.7·104 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
The concentrations in the inhalation air are low for products D02, D04, D09, D12, D14 and D15. The concentrations are far below the LCI value of 1,000 µg/m³ for the substance. The concentrations are
also far below the lower effect limit for effects on the central nervous system stated as the NOAEL with a MoS in an acceptable order of magnitude (> 1,000).
It is therefore assessed that there is no risk of health effects due to emission of toluene from products D02, D04, D09, D12, D14 and D15.
9.4.10 Xylenes
Xylenes have been demonstrated in the emission from products D02, D12, D14 and D15. Calculation of the concentration around the person using the products shows levels of 1 µg/m³ for D02, 90 1
µg/m³ for D12, 3.3 1 µg/m³ for D14 and 2 µg/m³ for D15, taking the weight of the products and the tested parts into consideration.
Table 9.14: Calculated concentration at inhalation of xylenes
| Product |
Calculated
concentration1µg/m³ |
LCIµg/m³ |
NOAELµg/m³ |
Margin of safety2 |
| D02 |
1.0 |
1,000 |
560,000 |
5.1·105 |
| D12^ |
90 |
1,000 |
560,000 |
6.2·103 |
| D14^ |
3.3 |
1,000 |
560,000 |
1.7·105 |
| D15 |
2.0 |
1,000 |
560,000 |
2.8·105 |
1The concentration at inhalation is calculated on the basis of the emission test, compare formula 4
2 Margin of safety is NOAEL divided by the calculated concentration
^ Is no longer on the Danish market
The concentrations are far below the LCI value for the substance of 1,000 µg/m³. For product D12, the concentration is close to the RfC value of 100 µg/m³ (IRIS 2004). This means that there may be a
risk of toxic effects.
The concentrations for all four products are far below the lower effect limit for teratogenic effects and the calculated MoS is at an acceptable order of magnitude (>1,000).
It is therefore assessed that there may be a risk of health effects due to emission of xylenes from product D12, but not from products D02, D14 and D15.
9.5 Total evaluation of health conditions in relation to products D02 and D08
The D02 and D08 products liberate a large number of volatile, chemical substances during the emission test. Some of these substances show high concentrations in the test.
Conversion to realistic worst-case situations gives lower values. The calculated concentrations for the volume (2 m³) around the person appear from the table for the identified and quantified substances in
the emission test.
Table 9.15: Concentrations in the inhalation air when playing with products D02 and D08
| Chemical substance |
Concentration in the inhalation air in µg/m³ from the product |
LCI (EU, 1997)µg/m³ |
| D02 |
D08 |
|
| n-butanol |
0.9 |
- |
1,000 |
| tert-butanol |
- |
8.8 |
1,000 |
| n-butylacetate |
10.3 |
- |
7,000 |
| Butylglycol |
16.4 |
- |
1,000 |
Cyclohexane, 1-ethyl-
1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl) |
- |
0.4 |
- |
| Cyclohexanon |
41.8 |
- |
1,000 |
| Ethylacetate |
0.2 |
- |
5,000 |
| Ethylbenzene |
1.9 |
- |
1,000 |
| Fenchol |
- |
7.6 |
- |
| n-heptane |
- |
0.7 |
8,000 |
| Heptanal |
- |
0.5 |
400 |
| Hexanal |
0.2 |
- |
400 |
| Limonen |
0.1 |
- |
1,000 |
| Longifolene |
- |
0.4 |
1,000 |
| Methylethylketone (MEK) |
1.7 |
3.4 |
1,000 |
| n-octane |
- |
1.4 |
9,000 |
| Propylenglycol |
4.4 |
- |
4,000 |
| α-terpineol |
- |
3.4 |
1,000 |
| Other terpenes |
- |
106 |
1,000 |
| Toluene |
11.7 |
- |
1,000 |
There is no recommended LCI value or other limit value for a total exposure with VOC in the indoor climate.
Many volatile, organic components are liberated from product D02. All the single substances appear in concentrations in the inhalation air that are far below the LCI values. There is therefore no risk that the
substances are available in the inhalation air in concentrations that may cause health effects. Unidentified and non-quantified substances are not included in the table. Combination effects cannot be excluded.
It has not been possible to assess this in the present project.
Product D08 also liberates some volatile, organic compounds. Unidentified and non-quantified substances are not included in the table. None of the single substances are liberated in concentrations that may
cause health effects. Combination effects cannot be excluded.
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Version 1.0 March 2006, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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