| Species |
Release methods |
Mixed with |
Release rates |
Survival of adults¹ |
Development time for immatures¹ |
Reproduction¹ |
Population growth rate¹ |
Conditions |
Remains |
Survival at consumer |
| Amblyseius cucumeris |
Direct releases, incl. with blowers
Breeding units |
T. putrescentiae
T. putrescentiae |
50-100/week or 100-250/2 weeks /m²
see text |
3-4 weeks |
10 days |
30-35 eggs/? |
0.15-0.18 day-¹ |
Min. 8°C; 55 % rh
Max. 35°
Opt. 25-30°C; 75-95 % rh |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses |
| Amblyseius californicus |
Direct releases |
- |
1-2/m²/2-3 weeks or 6/m² once |
4-8 weeks |
6-7 days |
60-65 eggs/? |
0.12-0.26 day-¹ |
Min. 8-9°C; 60 % rh
Max. >33°C
Opt. 28-32°C |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses, perhaps interior places |
| Phytoseiulus persimilis |
Direct releases |
Sometimes T. urticae |
1-2/m²/2-3 weeks to 3-10 or 20-50/ m²/ week |
3-4 weeks |
5-7 days |
40-75 eggs/? |
0.2-0.4 day-¹ |
Min. 11°C; 65 % rh
Max. 30-35°C
Opt. 25-27°C |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses |
| Hypoaspis miles |
Direct releases |
Sometimes T. putrescentiae |
100/m² 1-2 times or 200-1000/m² once or more |
9-16 weeks |
13-20 days |
45-55 eggs/? |
0.07-0.13 day-¹ |
Min. 10-12°C
Max. 33°C
Opt. 22-25°C |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses, perhaps interior places |
| Aphidius colemani |
Direct releases
Banker plants |
-
Cereal aphids |
0.15/m²/week or ½-1/m²/2 weeks or ½-1/m²/½-1 week
see text |
1 week |
10-13 days |
300-390 eggs/? |
0.3-0.35 day-¹ |
Min. 3-5°C
Max. 30°C
Opt. 22-25°C |
Remaining cuticles from hosts, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses |
| Encarsia formosa |
Direct releases |
- |
1½/m²/1-2 weeks or 3-10/m²/week |
2-3 weeks |
15-25 days |
100-350 eggs/? |
0.13-0.28 day-¹ |
Min. 10-11°C
Max. 38°C
Opt. 25°C; 50-85 % rh |
Remaining cuticles from hosts, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses |
| Tetranychus urticae |
Direct releases |
P. persimilis |
See text for P. persimilis |
1½-3 weeks |
10-22 days |
60-130 eggs/? |
0.12-0.4 day-¹ |
Min. 11-12°C
Max. 35-40°C
Opt. 24-30°C; 40-80 % rh |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses, interior places |
| Tyrophagus putrescentiae |
Direct releases |
A. cucumeris, H. miles |
See text for A. cucumeris / H. miles |
4-7 weeks |
13-21 days |
300-500 eggs/? |
? |
Min. 6-10°C; 65 % rh
Max. 35-37°C
Opt. 30°C; 85-95 % rh |
Cast cuticles, faeces |
Hobby glasshouses, interior places |
¹ at temperatures around 20-25°C, rh around 70-80 %.