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A mapping of products and material used within live role-play

Appendix B

• 1 Methods of analyses
  • 1.1 IR
  • 1.2 Phthalates
  • 1.3 Solvents
  • 1.4 Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)
  • 1.5 Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC) on Tenax-TA tubes
  • 1.6 Migration test
  • 1.7 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)
  • 1.8 Exposure test
  • 1.9 Emission test
  • 1.10 Nitrosamines
  • 1.11 Ammonium
• 2 Results
  • 2.1 Wine skins
    • 2.1.1 IR
    • 2.1.2 Phthalates
    • 2.1.3 Glue
    • 2.1.4 Liquid Latex
    • 2.1.5 Plastic foam
    • 2.1.6 Masks

1 Methods of analyses

1.1 IR

A number of subsamples were taken, and the surface was analysed through FT-IR analysis. By comparing the data library spectres, the polymer was identified.

1.2 Phthalates

A subsample was taken and extracted with dichloromethane with added internal standards. A subsample of the extract was taken and analysed directly by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with the aim to identify and quantify phthalates. The content was compared to the relevant phthalate standards. The detection limit is 50 mg/kg. The uncertainty factor of the analysis is 10-15% RSD

1.3 Solvents

A subsample was extracted with DMF (dimethyle formamide) with added internal standards. A subsample of the extract was taken and analysed by combining gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The content was quantitatively measured by use of response factors for external standards. The report limit is 500 mg/kg, and the uncertainty of the analysis is 10-15% RSD.

1.4 Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)

A subsample with a known weight was extracted with dichloromethane with added internal standards. A subsample was taken and analysed directly by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry by scanning a larger mass area. The content was quantitatively measured by use of a response factor for external standards.

The report limit is 50 mg/kg.

1.5 Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC) on Tenax-TA tubes

The exposed Tenax TA-tubes were thermicaly desorbed and directly analysed by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry by scanning a larger mass area. The content was measured by use of specific relative response factors or were measured as the tolu (semi-quantitatively)

1.6 Migration test

Subtests of 1 dm² were added 100 ml of artificial sweat and incubated at 40ºC for 24 hours. The artificial sweat was a mix of NaCI, ammonium, lactic acid, carbamide and water according to DC/EN 1811. The carbamide test was analysed by determination in triplicate (A, B and C). After incubation, A and B were analysed for MBT (see the analysis description 2.7). Furthermore, A and B were extracted according to the method description 2.4, but only A was analysed, since the chromatograms for A and B, respectively, were identical.

1.7 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)

After the incubation period, the artificial sweat was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous natrium sulphate and evaporate down to dryness. It was resolved in acetonitrile, and thereafter, the extract was analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HLPC).

The detection limit is 2 mg/dm², and the uncertainty of the analyses is ca. 15%RSD

1.8 Exposure test

The aim of the exposure test was to demonstrate the sanding of plastic foam. A line of plastic foam was fastened to a rotating roller.  Sandpaper, 120 grain, was placed on a stick, which was again tied to a circle on a rotating table. Thereby, the plastic foam was sanded with rotating movements. 36 cm above the plastic foam, equivalent to the breathing zone, total dust and respiratory dust was collected in membrane filters (0,8 mg). Total dust as well as respiratory dust was collected in accordance with the regulations of the Danish Working Environment Service. The duration of the test was 2.5 hours. The test was conducted at a constant room temperature. The ventilation was measured every 15 minutes.

1.9 Emission test

Liquid latex was poured into a 500 ml cup. The liquid was frequently stirred, equivalent to a continuous use of liquid latex. The emission was collected approx. 38 cm above the test, corresponding to the breathing zone of the user. The collection was conducted by means of Tenax-TA tubes to collect volatile and semi-volatile substances and Thermosorb/N tubes to collect nitrosamines. Furthermore, the emission was draught through wash bottles with sulphuric acid to collect ammonium. The test was conducted at a constant room temperature. The ventilation was measured every 15 minutes.

1.10 Nitrosamines

The Thermosorb/n tubes were extracted with organic solvent and analysed directly by combined gas chromatography and NO specific detection (GC/TEA 610). The detection limit is 0.03 mg/m³.

1.11 Ammonium

The content of ammonium was detected through spectophotometric analyses. Ammonium was collected in wash bottles with dissolved sulphuric acid, and the content was then determined by spectophotometric analysis.  The detection limit is 0.000003 mg/m³, and the uncertainty of the analysis is ca. 15%RSD.

References: ISO 7150/2, NIOSH 6015 and VDI 2461/1.

2 Results

2.1 Wine skins

2.1.1 IR

The IR spectre of the inner surface of a wine skin is pictured below. By comparing the data spectres of polymers, the material may be recognised as PVC.

Click here to see the Figure

2.1.2 Phthalates

The inner coating was equally tested for phthalates, and the results are described in table 1.

The analysis showed a presence of DEHP, and the amount present indicates that the material is softened by phthalates.

Table 1.   Results of the analysis of phthalates. The unity is weight/%. The two results indicate the Dobbeltbestemmelserne.

2.1.3 Glue

The glue sample was analysed for solvents by determination in duplicate. Furthermore, the sample was screened for volatile and semi-volatile organic substances (VOC and SVOC). The results are displayed in table 2.

Table 2. Results of the analysis of organic substances, VOC og SVOC, mg/kg. De to resultater for opløsningsmidlerne angiver dobbeltbestemmelserne.

* best identification offer. Measured as the tolu.

2.1.4 Liquid Latex

The emission test was conducted on two latex samples. For every test, the emission was collected in the measured breathing zone of the consumer, and the emission was analysed for ammonium, nitrosamines and volatile and semi-volatile organic substances (VOC and SVOC). The results are displayed in table 4.

Table 4. Results for ammonium, nitrosamines and VOC/SVOC. Unities are mg/m³.

< less than the detection limit

- not detected

2.1.5 Plastic foam

The exposure test demonstrated sanding of plastic foam with fine sand paper. The edges were sanded in order to demonstrate a realistic situation. The slip was collected in a filter in a distance corresponding to the breathing zone in order to measure the total amount of slip and the respiratory amount of slip.

Visually, however, the test showed that the slip and particles of the plastic foam dropped to the table instead of rising up. This was confirmed by the test, since no slip was detected in the filters of sample 7 and only an amount near the detection limit were found in sample 8, as displayed in table 3.

Tabel 3. Result of slip and respiratory slip, the unity being mg/m³.

< is less than the detection limit

2.1.6 Masks

Subsamples of two masks were exposed to artificial sweat for 24 hours. Then the artificial sweat was analysed for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and volatile and semi-volatile extractable substances. The results are displayed in table 5.

Results are indicated in mg/l sweat and thereafter converted into mg/dm² in order to relate the amount of chemical substances to the area of the mask.

MBT is analysed in analysed by determination in duplicate , i.e. in two different migration fluids, and the analysis for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is made as a single determination

Neither MTB nor volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds were detected in the artificial sweat, see table 5.

Tabel 5. Results for MBT and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Results are indicated in mg/l and recalculated to mg/dm².

< is less than the detection limit

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Version 1.0 August 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency