Blågrønalgetoksiner i bade- og drikkevand

Litteraturliste

Abdel-Rahman S., El-Ayouty Y.M. & Kamael H.A. (1993): Characterization of heptapeptide toxins extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa (Egyptian isolate). Comparison with some synthesized analogs. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 41: 1-7

Adelman W.J.Jr., Fohlmeister J.F., Sasner J.J.Jr. & Ikawa M. (1982): Sodium channels blocked by aphantoxin obtained from the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flosaquae. Toxicon 20: 513-516.

Alfonso A., Louzao M.C., Vieytes M.R. & Botana L.M. (1994): Comparative study of the stability of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin in acidic solutions and lyophilized samples. Toxicon. Vol. 32, No. 12: 1593-1598.

Al-Layl K.J., Beattie K.A., Poon G.K., Fawell J.K. & Codd G.A. (1992): Cyanobacterial toxins: Recovery of peptide and alkaloid toxins of Anabaena flosaquae from the tissues of the swan mussel Anodonta cygnea. Proceedings of the Third Nordic Symposium on Toxinproducing Algae, Oslo - 1988. NIVA.

Al-Layl K.J., Poon G.K. & Codd G.A. (1988): Isolation and purification of peptide and alkaloid toxins from Anabaena flosaquae using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Microbial Methods 7: 251-258.

An J. & Carmichael W.W. (1994): Use of a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the study of microcystins and nodularins. Toxicon 32: 1495-1507.

Annadotter H. (1993): Algtoxiner i dricksvatten en undersökning vid två svenska vattenverk samt en litteraturstudie. VA-Forsk, rapport nr. 1993-03. Svenska vatten- och avloppsverksföreningen, VAV, Stockholm, 106 pp.

AOAC (Official Methods of Analysis) (1984): Paralytic shellfish poison. Biological Method, 18.086 - 18.092, pp. 344-345.

Aune T. & Berg K. (1986): Use of freshly prepared rat hepatocytes to study toxicity of blooms of the blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Journal of Toxicogogy and Environmental Health 19: 325-336.

Azevedo S.M.O.F., Wvans W.R., Carmichael W.W. & Namikoshi M. (1994): First report of microcystins from a Brazilian isolate of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. J. App. Phycol. 6: 261-265

Berg K., Carmichael W.W., Skulberg O.M., Benestad C. & Underdal B. (1987a): Investigations of a toxic waterbloom of Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanophyceae) in Lake Akersvatn, Norway. Hydrobiologia 144: 97-103.

Berg K., Skulberg O.M. & Skulberg R. (1987b): Effects of decaying toxic blue-green algae on water quality - a laboratory study. Arch. Hydrobiol. 108: 549-563.

Berg K., Skulberg O.M., Skulberg R., Underdal B. & Willén T. (1986): Observations of toxic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in some Scandinavian lakes. Acta Vet. Scand. 27: 440-452.

Bhattacharya R., Lakshmana P.V., Bhaskar A.S.B., Pant S.C. & Dube S.N. (1996): Liver slice culture for assessing hepatotoxicity of freshwater cyanobacteria. Human & Experimental Toxicology 15: 105-110.

Billings W.H. (1981): Water-associated human illness in northeast Pennsylvania and its suspected association with blue-green algae blooms. - I: Carmichael W.W. (Ed.): The water environment. Algal toxins and health. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 243-255.

Bishop C.T., Anet E.F.L.J. & Gorham P.R. (1959): Isolation and identification of the fast death factor in Microcystis aeruginosa NRC-1. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 453-471.

Bjergskov T., Larsen J., Moestrup Ø., Sørensen H.M. & Krogh P. (1990): Toksiske og potentielt toksiske alger i danske farvande. Fiskeriministeriet, København.

Boland M.P., Smillie M.A., Chen D.Z.X. & Holmes C.F.B. (1993): A unified bioscreen for the detection of diarrhetic shellfish toxins and microcystins in marine and fresh water environments. Toxicon 31 (11): 1393-1405.

Botes D.P., Kruger H. & Viljoen C.C. (1982): Isolation and characterization of four toxins from the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxicon 20 (6): 945-954.

Botes D.P., Tuinman A.A., Wessels P.L., Viljoen C.C., Kruger H., Williams D.H., Santikarn S., Smith R.J. & Hammond S.J. (1984): The structure of Cyanoginosin-LA, a cyclic heptapeptide toxin from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1: 2311-2318.

Bourke A.T.C. & Hawes R.B. (1983): Freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and human health. Med. J. Aust. 1: 491-492.

Bourke A.T.C., Hawes, R.B., Neilson, A. & Stallman N.D. (1983): An outbreak of hepatoenteritis (the Palm islands mystery disease) possibly caused by algal intoxication. Toxicon 3: 45-48.

Bourne D.G., Jones G.J., Blakeley R.L., Jones A., Negri A. & Riddles P. (1996): Enzymatic pathway for the degradation of the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin LR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 4086-4094.

Brettum, P. (1989): Alger som indikator på vannkvalitet. Planteplankton. Niva rapport 0-86116. NIVA 111 pp.

Brooks W.P. & Codd G.A. (1988): Immunoassay of hepatotoxic cultures and water blooms of cyanobacteria using Microcystis aeruginosa peptide toxin polyclonal anti-bodies. Environmental Technology Letters 9: 1343-1348.

Bruno M., Barbini D.A., Pierdominici E., Serse A.P. & Ioppolo A. (1994): Anatoxin-a and a previously unknown toxin in Anabaena planctonica from blooms found in lake Mulargia (Italy). Toxicon 32 (3): 369-373.

Campbell D.L., Lawton L.A., Beattie K.A. & Codd G.A. (1994): Comparative assessment of the specificity of the brine shrimp and microtox assays to hepatotoxic (microcystin-LR-containing) cyanobacteria. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality: An International Journal 9: 71-77.

Carmichael W.W. (1988): Toxins of freshwater algae. - I: Tu A.T. (Ed.), Marine toxins and venoms. Handbook of natural toxins 3, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 121-147.

Carmichael W.W. (1989): Freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. -I: Ownby C.L. & Odell G.V. (Eds.). Natural toxins. Characterization, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Pergamon Press, Oxford. pp. 3-16.

Carmichael W.W. (1994): The toxins of cyanobacteria. Sci. Am. Z70: 78-86.

Carmichael W.W. (1996): Liver failure and human deaths at a haemodialysis centre in Brazil: microcystins as a major contributing factor. Harmful Algae News 15: 11.

Carmichael W.W., Beasley V., Bunner D.L., Eloff J.N., Falconer I., Gorham P., Harada K-I., Krishnamurthy T., Yu M-J., Moore R.E., Rinehart K., Runnegar M., Skulberg O.M. & Watanabe M. (1988a): Naming of cyclic heptapeptide toxins of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Toxicon 26 (11): 971-973.

Carmichael W.W., Evans W.R., Yin Q.Q., Bell P. & Moczydlowski E (1997): Evidence for paralytic shellfish poisons in the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) comb. nov. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Aug. 1997, 63 (8): 3104-3110.

Carmichael W.W. & Falconer I.R. (1993): Diseases related to freshwater blue-green algal toxins, and control measures. - I: Falconer I.R. (Ed.) Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic Press, London, pp. 187-209.

Carmichael W.W. & Gorham P.R. (1978): Anatoxins from clones of Anabaena flosaquae isolated from lakes of western Canada. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21: 285-295.

Carmichael W.W., Jones C.L.A., Mahmood N.A. & Theiss W.C. (1985): Algal toxins and water based diseases. CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 15: 275-313.

Carmichael W.W. & Mahmood N.A. (1984): Toxins of freshwater cyanobacteria. - I: Ragelis E.P. (Ed.) Seafood Toxins, ACS Symposium series, No. 262, American Chemical Society, pp. 377-389.

Carmichael W.W., Yu M-J., He Z-R., He J-W. & Yu J-L. (1988b): Occurence of the toxic cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa in Central China. Arch. Hydrobiol. 114 (1): 21-30.

Chu F.S. & Fan T.S.L. (1985): Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for saxitoxin in shellfish. J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chem. 68:13-16.

Chu F.S., Huang X. & Wei R.D. (1990): Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for microcystins in blue-green algal blooms. Assoc. Anal. Chem. 73: 451-456.

Chu F.S., Huang X., Wei R.D. & Carmichael W.W. (1989): Production and characterization of antibodies against microcystins. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55 (8): 1928-1933.

Codd G.A. & Bell S.G. (1985): Eutrophication and toxic cyanobacteria. J. Water. Pollut. Control. 34: 225-232.

Codd G.A., Brooks W.P., Priestley I.M., Poon G.K., Bell S.G. & Fawell J.K. (1989): Production, detection, and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins. Toxicity Assessment 4: 499-511.

Cook W.O., Beasley V.R., Lovell R.A., Dahlem A.M., Hooser S.B., Mahmood N.A. & Carmichael W.W. (1989): Consistent inhibition of peripheral cholinesterases by neurotoxins from the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae: Studies of ducks, swine, mice and a steer. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8: 915-922.

Craig M., McCready T.L., Luu H.A., Smillie M.A., Dubord P. & Holmes C.F.B. (1993): Identification and characterization of hydrophobic microcystins in Canadian freshwater cyanobacteria. Toxicon 31 (12): 1541-1549.

Cronberg G. & Komárek J. (1994): Planktic cyanoprokaryotes found in South Swedish lakes during the XIIth international symposium on cyanophyte research, 1992. Algological Studies 75: 323-352.

Damsø L., Worm J., Henriksen P. & Moestrup Ø. (1994): Giftige blågrønalger i Danmark. Vand & Jord 1 (5): 195-198.

Dean A.G. & Jones T.C. (1972): Seasonal gastroentertis and malabsorption at an amerian military base in the Philippines. American Journal of Epidemiology 95 (2): 111-127.

Devlin J.P., Edwards O.E., Gorham P.R., Hunter N.R., Pike R.K. & Stavric B. (1977): Anatoxin-a, a toxic alkaloid from Anabaena flosaquae NCR-44h. Can. J. Chem. 55: 1367-1371.

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Donati C., Drikas M., Hayes R. & Newcombe G. (1994): Microcystin-LR adsorption by powdered activated carbon. Water Research 28 (8): 1735-1742.

Edwards C., Beattie K.A., Scrimgeour C.M. & Codd G.A. (1992): Identification of anatoxin-a in benthic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and in associated dog poisonings at Loch Insh, Scotland. Toxicon 30 (10): 1165-1175.

Edwards C., Lawton L.A., Beattie K.A., Codd G.A., Pleasance S. & Dear G.J. (1993): Analysis of microcystins from cyanobacteria by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using atmosphaeric-pressure ionization. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7: 714-721.

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El-saadi O., Esterman A.J., Cameron S.& Roder D.M. (1995): Murray river water, raised cyanobacterial cell counts, and gastrointestinal and dermatological symtoms. The midical journal of australia, 162: 122-125.

Eriksson J.E., Meriluoto J.A.O., Kujari H.P., Österlund K., Fagerlund K. & Hällbom L. (1988): Preliminary characterization of a toxin isolated from the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Toxicon 26 (2): 161-166.

Eriksson J.E., Meriluoto J.A.O. & Lindholm T. (1989): Accumulation of peptide toxin from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii in the freshwater mussel Anadonta cygnea. Hydrobiologia 183: 211-216.

Eriksson J.E., Toivola D., Meriluoto J.A.O., Karaki H., Han Y-G. & Hartshorne D. (1990): Hepatocyte deformation induced by cyanobacterial toxins reflects inhibition of protein phosphatases. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 173 (3): 1347-1353.

Falconer I.R. (1991): Tumor promotion and liver injury caused by oral consumption of cyanobacteria. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality: An International Journal 6: 177-184.
Falconer I.R. (1993): Measurement of toxins from blue-green algae in water and foodstuffs. - I: Falconer I.R. (Ed.): Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. University of Adelaide, Australia. Academic press.

Falconer I.R., Beresford A.M. & Runnegar M.T.C. (1983a): Evidence of liver damage by toxin from a bloom of the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. The Medical Journal of Australia 1: 511-514.

Falconer I.R., Burch M.D., Steffensen D.A., Choice M. & Coverdale O.R. (1994): Toxicity of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Microcystis aeruginosa in drinking water to growing pigs, as an animal model for human injury and risk assessment. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality, 9: 131-139.

Falconer I.R. & Humpage A.R. (1996): Turnover promotion by cyanobacterial toxins. Phycologia 35: 74-79.

Falconer I.R., Runnegar M.T.C., Buckley T., Huyn V.L. & Bradshaw P. (1989): Using activated carbon to remove toxicity from drinking water containing cyanobacterial blooms. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 18: 102-105.

Falconer I.R., Runnegar M.T.C. & Huyn V.L. (1983b): Effectiveness of activated carbon in the removal of algal toxin from potable water supplies: A pilot plant investigation. - I: Australian Water and Wastewater Association, Tenth Federal Convention, Sydney, April Technical Papers: 261-268.

Falconer I.R., Smith J.V., Jackson A.R.B., Jones A. & Runnegar M.T.C. (1988): Oral toxicity of a bloom of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa administered to mice over periods up to 1 year. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 24: 291-305.

Flett D.J., Nicholson B.C. & Burch M.D. (1991): Analysis of peptide toxins from cyanobacteria using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Technical Papers, Australian Water & Wastewater Association, 14th federal convention, pp. 86-93.

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Fujiki H., Suganuma M., Hakii H., Bartolini G., Moore R.E., Takegama S. & Sugimura T. (1984): A two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis study of lyngbyatoxin A. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 108: 174-176.

Fujiki H., Suganuma M., Suguri H., Yoshizawa S., Takagi K., Nakayasu M., Ojika M., Yamada K., Yasumoto T., Moore R.E. & Sugimura T. (1990): New tumor promoters from marine natural products. -I: Marine Toxins: Origin, Structure and Molecular Pharmacology, Vol. 418 (Ed. by S. Hall & G. Strichartz), pp. 232-240. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

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Gorham P.R. & Carmichael W.W. (1988): Hazards of freshwater blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). -I: Lembi C.A. & Warland J.R., (Eds.). Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 403-431.

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Harada K-I., Kimura Y., Ogaea K., Suzuki M., Dahlem A.M., Beasley V.R. & Carmichael W.W. (1989): A new procedure for the analysis and purification of naturally occuring anatoxin-a from the blue-green alga Anabaena flosaquae. Toxicon 27 (12): 1289-1296.

Harada K-I., Nagai H., Kimura Y., Suzuki M., Park H-D., Watanabe M.F., Luukkainen R., Sivonen K. & Carmichael W.W. (1993): Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric detection of anatoxin-a, a neurotoxin from cyanobacteria. Tetrahedron 49 (41): 9251-9260.

Harada K-I., Ogawa K., Kimura Y., Murata H., Suzuki M., Thorn P.M., Evans W.R. & Carmichael W.W. (1991(a)): Microcystins from Anabaena flosaquae NRC 525-17. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4: 534-540.

Harada K-I., Ogawa K., Matsuura K., Nagai H., Murata H., Suzuki M., Itezono Y., Nakayama N., Shirai M. & Nakano M. (1991(b)): Isolation of two toxic heptapeptide microcystins from an axenic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa, K-139. Toxicon 29 (4/5): 479-489.

Harada K-I., Suzuki M., Dahlem A.M., Beasley V.R., Carmichael W.W., Rinehart K.L. (1988): Improved method for purification of toxic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. Toxicon 26 (5): 433-439.

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