Study
(see below) |
Mode |
Congestion |
Accidents |
Noise |
Air pollution |
Total |
DKK/Km |
|
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Cowi (1994) |
Car |
0 |
0 |
0,05 |
0,1 |
0,02 |
0,08 |
0 a) |
0,1 a) |
0,08 |
0,29 |
T&E (1993) |
Car |
0,12 |
0,12 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,06 |
0,06 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,39 |
0,39 |
Litman (1999) |
Car |
0,05 |
0,57 |
0,05 |
0,26 |
0,001b) |
0,01b) |
0,04 |
0,56 |
0,14c) |
1,40 c) |
Cowi (1997) |
Car |
0,19 |
0,19 |
0,05 |
0,15 |
0,02 |
0,03 |
0,03 |
0,04 |
0,29 |
0,41 |
Larsen (1996) |
Car |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,82 |
0,82 |
Vejdirektoratet (1999) |
Car |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,05 |
0,14 |
|
|
Cowi (1999d)) |
Car |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,02 |
0,47 |
|
|
Cowi (1994) |
Lorry |
0,28 |
0,28 |
0,18 |
0,43 |
0,13 |
0,47 |
0,05 a) |
1,13 a) |
0,63 |
2,31 |
Litman (1999) |
Lorry |
0,10 |
1,16 |
0,03 |
0,17 |
|
|
0,24 |
5,36 |
0,37 c) |
6,69 c) |
Larsen (1999) |
Lorry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,74 |
3,74 |
Cowi (1997) |
Lorry |
0,72 |
0,72 |
0,32 |
0,95 |
0,14 |
0,28 |
0,18 |
0,30 |
1,36 |
2,25 |
Vejdirektoratet (1999) |
Lorry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,13 |
0,29 |
|
|
Cowi (1999 d)) |
Lorry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,19 |
14,17 |
|
|
Cowi (1994) |
Lorry |
0 |
0 |
0,13 |
0,31 |
0,05 |
0,18 |
0,01 a) |
0,16 a) |
0,19 |
0,64 |
Litman (1999) |
Lorry |
0,05 |
0,61 |
0,03 |
0,29 |
|
|
0,05 |
0,82 |
0,13 c) |
1,73 c) |
Larsen (1996) |
Lorry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,94 |
0,94 |
Cowi (1997) |
Lorry |
0,24 |
0,24 |
0,09 |
0,26 |
0,03 |
0,06 |
0,03 |
0,06 |
0,39 |
0,62 |
Cowi (1999 d)) |
Lorry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,06 |
1,06 |
|
|
| a) |
Low and high numbers are found as 50% under and 50% above the
average price |
| b) |
Low and high numbers are found based on the price on different
speeds. the study does not give suggestions on high and low figures or on different modes. |
| c) |
The sum of the four element covered in the table. In the original
analysis the total is found as the sum of both internal and external costs. |
| d) |
The study does only calculates the external air pollution costs.
In the original study more modes are described. |
|