Feminisation of fish

Table A.1
Sewage treatment plants (PE: Person Equivalent; COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand; BOD Biological Oxygen Demand; HRT: Hydraulic Retention Time)

 

Plant & Location

Capacity

Actual loading

Treatment processes

Ref.

 

 

 

Industrial

COD

BOD

HRT

Daily flow

 

 

 

(PE)

(PE)

( %)

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(h)

(m3/d)

 

 

Denmark in 1998-2001:

Jeksen (Hørning)

140

103

0

440

177

 

23

Low tech.: Biological sand filter

(Boutrup 2001)

Lyngby (Århus)

100

219

0

602

238

 

31.1

Low tech.: Biological bio-rotor plant

Ormslev (Århus)

350

30

0

39

10

 

83

Low tech.: (root zone plant)

Tåstrup (Århus)

11

11

0

347

141

 

2

Low tech.: Mechanical

Tranbjerg

10,000

8,726

0

~ 350

 

21R

2,207

M, AS, N, D, C, FR

Mårslet

3,550

4,166

5

~ 300

 

12R

1,067

M, AS, N, D, C, FR

Trige

5,000

2,979

5

~ 350

 

 

619

 

Harlev

6,000

1,908

10

~ 50

 

 

1,315

 

Marselisborg

220,000

271,676

64

~ 800

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C

Randers

160,000

103,712

35

480

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C

160,000

78,578

26

330R

130R

 

27,000R

(Christiansen 2001)

Egå

 

88,782

 

 

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C, F

(Boutrup 2001 )

 

78,959

74

 

 

 

21,427

(Christiansen 2001)

Søholt

105,000

74,273

45

600

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C, F

(Boutrup 2001 )

Fornæs

 

51,550

 

 

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C

Viby

100,000

45,869

30

600

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C, F

100,000

126,000R

24

571R

 

 

28,557R

(Christiansen 2001)

Skanderborg

 

33,069

 

 

 

 

 

M, AS, N, C

(Boutrup 2001)

Boeslum

 

19,660

 

 

 

 

 

M, AS, N, D, C

Beder

6,000R

4,700R

25

354R

 

16R

1,773R

M, AS, N, D, C, F

(Christiansen 2001)

Rønde

 

3,345

10

 

 

 

1,296

M, AS, N, D, C

Voel

 

1,040

0R

 

180R

26R

433R

M, AS, N, C

Balle

 

636

0

 

 

 

285

M, AS, N,

Ørum

 

1,011

0

 

 

 

285

M, AS, N,

Herning

175,000

110,000

50

 

 

 

32,000

M, C, AS, N, D, P-rem FeCl3, AD

(Pedersen 2002)

Hillerød

60,000

48,700

5

 

 

 

20,400

M, C, AS, N, D, P-rem Al salts Filtration, AD

 

Sweden:

 

3,500

0

 

 

 

Approx. 900

C, AEB

(Larsson 1999)

UK:

Southend STW

 

197,749

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

45,000

PS (April-Oct.), 50 % receives Vitox treatment

(Desbrow 1998)

Harpenden STW

 

31,200

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

8,250

PF, SF

(Desbrow 1998)

Rye Meads STW

 

357,000

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

88,500

AS, FS; TL

(Desbrow 1998)

Deephams STW

 

796,000

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

160,000

AS

(Desbrow 1998)

Naburn STW

 

388,000

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

20,000

SC, PS, BF, SHS

(Desbrow 1998)

Horsham STW

 

107,250

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

18,000

BF, SL

(Desbrow 1998)

Billing STW

 

285,959

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

60,000

EXA

(Desbrow 1998)

Chelmsford STW (1997-1998)

 

138,000

14

 

 

 

 

 

(Rodgers-Gray 2000)

Nederlands:

STP A, B & C

300,000-560,000

75-95% of Cap.

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

 

AS

(Belfroid 1999)

STP D & E

< 100,000

75-95% of Cap.

100

 

 

 

 

AS

(Belfroid 1999)

Eindh

284,400

 

 

 

 

11

147,000

AS

(Johnson 2000)

Kral

231,000

 

 

 

 

18

78,000

AS

(Johnson 2000)

West

296,400

 

 

 

 

26

39,000

AS

(Johnson 2000)

Germany:

Frankfurt/Main (1997)

 

312,000

 

 

 

 

41,200

PS, Aerator tank , P rem. by Fe(II)Cl2, FS

(Ternes 1999)

Ulm & New Ulm

(1998)

 

350.000

40

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, P rem. by FeCl3, FS

(Kuck 2000)

Langenau (2000)

 

15,000

Mainly domistic

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, FS

(Kuck 2001)

Blaubeuren (2000)

 

15,000

Mainly domistic

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, FS

Ulm & New Ulm (2000)

350,000

350,000

Domistic & industrial

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, FS

Ulm & New Ulm (1998)

350,000

350.000

40

 

 

 

80,000-100,000

PS, AS, N, D, P (biological), FS

(Körner 2000)

Ditzingen (1998)

120,000

 

50

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

(Spengler 2001)

Ludwigsburg-Eglosheim (1998)

18,400

 

20

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Ludwigsburg-Poppenweiler (1998)

31,000

 

30

 

 

 

 

AS, P

Stuttgart-Mühlhausen (1998)

1,000,000

 

15

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Stuttgart-Möhringen (1998)

149,500

 

20

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Stuttgart-Büsnau (1998)

10,000

 

0

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P, Ms

Hechingen (1998)

57,000

 

50

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P, E (F)1

Albstadt-Ebingen (1998)

150,000

 

60

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P, E, F

Sindelfingen (1998)

226,000

 

50

 

 

 

 

T, N, P

Donaueschingen (1998)

148,000

 

35

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Blaubeuren (1998)

11,000

 

10

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Ulm (1998)

350,000

 

40

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Pforzheim (1999)

250,000

 

50

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Industrial STP 1 (1999)

67,000

 

100

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Industrial STP 2 (1999)

100,000

 

85

 

 

 

 

AS, T, N

Lahr (1999)

115,000

 

40

 

 

 

 

AS, T, N, P

Waiblingen (1999)

70,000

 

40

 

 

 

 

AS, N, D, P

Leutkirch (1999)

85,000

 

70

 

 

 

 

AS, N, P

39 different STPs (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Fromme 2002)

Austria:

1 STP

120,000

 

60

 

 

 

36,000

M, AS (2 tank in series), N, D, FS, AD (sludge age: 8-9 days)

(Fürhacker 2000)

Switzerland: 1983-85

Nänikon

 

4,000-240,000

Significant amount from a chem. industry

2405

1015

 

 

PS, AS, FS, AD

(Ahel 1994)

Fällanden

 

 

2105

775

 

 

Bassersdorf

 

 

2505

835

 

 

Dübendorf

 

 

2505

965

 

 

Zürich-Glatt

 

 

2305

735

 

 

Opfikon

 

 

2805

1435

 

 

Niederglatt

 

 

2505

1015

 

 

Bülach

 

 

2405

1085

 

 

Stadel

 

 

1805

645

 

 

Glattfelden

 

 

2705

1225

 

 

Rheinsfelden

 

 

2905

1015

 

 

Italy:

Ostia, Rome (1991-92)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Corcia 1994)

Cobis , Rome (1997)

 

 

Mainly domestic

 

 

 

 

 

(Corcia 1998)

Cobis (1999-2000)

 

40,000

Mainly domestic

540

270

12

10,000

AS

(Baronti 2000)

Ostia

 

350,000

Mainly domestic

350

220

14

112,000

AS

Fregene

 

120,000

Mainly domestic

330

210

12

42,000

AS

Roma Nord

 

800,000

Mainly domestic

220

120

14

354,000

AS

Roma Sud

 

1.2x106

Mainly domestic

200

100

12

734,000

AS

Roma Est

 

800,000

Mainly domestic

230

140

14

265,000

AS

USA:

STP 1 California

 

 

 

 

 

 

43,2003

PT, AS, MFO; HOCl

(Huang 2001)

STP 2 California

 

 

 

 

 

 

630,7203

PT, AS,BNU, EF, HOCl

STP 3 California

 

 

 

 

 

 

19,0083

PT, ST, C2, MF, RO, O3/UV

STP 4 California

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,1843

PT, T, UV

STPs in Texas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Rudel 1998)

Septic tanks in Texas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6 STPs at Green Bay (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Field 1996)

Japan:

27 STPs (1998-99)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, FS, disinfection (N, D, P at some plants)

(Nasu 2001)

40 STPs (1995-96)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Main part: PS, AS, FS, disinfection

(Fujita 2000)

Canada:

Burlington, Ontario

 

134,000

 

 

 

 

80,000

AS, AN

(Bennie 1998)

Burnaby, British Columbia

 

160,000

 

 

 

 

82,000

PS, 2-stage sedimentation (sludge)

Cambridge-Galt, Ontario

 

70,000

 

 

 

 

50,000

AS, sand F, AN

Charlottetown, Prince Edwards Island

 

17,000

 

 

 

 

10,000

PS, 2-stage sedimentation (sludge)

Cowansville, Quebec

 

12,000

 

 

 

 

17,000

PS, sedimentation of sludge

Edmonton, Alberta

 

630,000

 

 

 

 

230,000

AS

Granby, Quebec

 

39,000

 

 

 

 

53,000

PS, sedimentation of sludge

Guelph, Ontario

 

90,000

 

 

 

 

42,000

Rotating bio-contacters, sand F, AN

Hamilton, Ontario

 

320,000

 

 

 

 

320,000

AS, AN

Moncton, New Brunswick

 

61,000

 

 

 

 

44,000

PS, sedimentation of sludge

Montreal, Qebec

 

1,000,000

 

 

 

 

890,000

PS, FeCl3 coagulation, sedimentation of sludge

Regina, Saskatchewan

 

185,000

 

 

 

 

75,000

AS, BNU, AN

Saint John, New Brunswick

 

65,000

 

 

 

 

18,000

Rotating bio-contacters, AN

Toronto, Ontario

 

600,000

 

 

 

 

430,000

AS, AN

Truro, Nova Scotia

 

13,000

 

 

 

 

Not reported

PS, sedimentation of sludge

Winnipeg, Manitoba

 

620,000

 

 

 

 

340,000

AS with pure O2, AN

Ontario (1997-98)

 

140,000

 

 

 

 

 

PS, AS, FS, Clorination in the summer

(Lee 1998b)

Burligton

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 1998a) (Lee 2000)

Dundas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 1998a)

Edmonton

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 1998a)

Calgary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 2000)

Galt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 2000)

Toronto

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Lee 2000)

Brazilian

Penha/rio de Janeiro

 

624,000

 

 

 

 

120,096

PS, AS (71 %)4 & T (29 %)4,

(Ternes 1999)

PS: Primary sedimentation; PF: Percolating filters; SF: Sand filters; AS: Activated sludge; FS: Final sedimentation; TL: Tertiary lagoons; SC: Screening; BF: Biological filtration; SHS: Secondary humus settlement; SL: Settlement lagoons; EXA: Extended aeration; C: Chemical treatment, AEB: Aerobic biological treatment; HRT: Hydraulic retention time; P: Phosphate elimination; N: Nitrification, D: Denitrification; E: Decolorization; Ms: Micro sieve; T: Trickling filter; F: Filtration; MF: Micro filtration; BNU: Biological nutrient removal; EF: Effluent filtration; ST: Secondary treatment but not specified; UV: Ultra violet; AN: Anaerobic digester

R: Information received from the STP
1: At he second time of sampling, this STP was equipped with an additional activated charcoal filtration.
2: Alum flocculation
3: Design flow
4: % of the flow rate
5: COD and BOD in the primary effluent