Feminisation of fish

Table A.3
Concentrations of alkylphenoles and parent compounds

 

Plant & Location

Compound

Influent

Effluent after PS

Effluent after FS

Sludge
(Conc. in µg/g dry weight)

Final effluent

Rem/loss

Remarks

Ref.

 

 

Conc. in water samples in µg/l (values in brackets are in µmol/m3 )

%

 

 

Danmark:

Jeksen

NpnEO, n = 3-15

<20-36

 

 

 

<20

70

(n=6)

(Boutrup 2001)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

3.6-9.8

 

 

 

0.23-1.02

92

OpnEO, n = 3-15

<20-30

 

 

 

<20

67

OpnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

 

 

OP

<0.1-<1

 

 

 

<0.1

79

Lyngby

NPnEO, n = 3-15

<20-51

 

 

 

<20

74

(n=6)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

2.8-8.7

 

 

 

0.36-2.13

75

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

 

 

OP

<0.1-<1

 

 

 

<0.1-<0.4

 

Ormslev

NPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=6)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

<0.4-2.26

 

 

 

0.10-0.28

82

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

 

 

OP

<0.1

 

 

 

<0.1

 

Tåstrup

NPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

-6

(n=6)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

2.0-23

 

 

 

1.83-7.62

18

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

 

 

OP

<0.1-<0.5

 

 

 

<0.1-<0.5

 

Marselisborg

NPnEO, n = 3-15

24-39

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=4-5)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

5.1-9.8

 

 

 

0.15-0.38

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

<0.1

 

 

 

<0.2

 

Randers

NPnEO, n = 3-15

<20-40

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=4-5)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

8.6-18

 

 

 

0.24-1.2

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

<0.1

 

 

 

<0.2

 

Egå

NPnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=1)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

<0.6

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

Søholt

NPnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

 

 

(n=3)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

36-96

 

 

 

1.6-7.4

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

<0.1

 

 

 

<0.3

 

Fornæs

NPnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=1)

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

0.57

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

 

 

 

 

<0.3

 

Viby

NPnEO, n = 3-15

n.a.

 

 

 

 

 

(n= 3)

NP+ NPnEO, n = 1-2

43-52

 

 

 

0.34-0.61

 

OPnEO, n = 3-15

<20

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

<0.1

 

 

 

n.a.

 

Skanderborg

NpnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=1)

NP + NPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

<0.6

 

OpnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

OpnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

 

 

 

 

<0.1

 

Boeslum

NpnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

<20

 

(n=1)

NP + NPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

0.35

 

OpnEO, n = 3-15

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OpnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

 

 

n.a.

 

OP

 

 

 

 

<0.2

 

Herning (1998-99)

NpnEO, n = 3-18

25.1-40

31.1; 32.1

2.42; 2.821

<0.1; <0.12

 

 

 

(Pedersen 2002)

OpnEO; n = 3-18

<1-<20

<1; <1

<1; <111

<0.1; <0.12

 

 

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

0.64-29

5.3; 20

9.1; 171

213; 2162

 

 

Hillerød (1998-99)

NpnEO; n = 3-18

3.75-<20

 

 

1.13; 1.462

 

 

OpnEO; n = 3-18

<1-<20

 

 

<0.1; <0.12

 

 

NP+NPnEO, n = 1-2

<0.1-24

 

 

41; 462

 

 

Germany:

Ulm & New Ulm (1998)

Sum 4-nonylphenol

2.13; 2.59

 

 

 

0.32; 1.57

85; 40

24-h sampling periode (n=2)

(Körner 2000)

4-t-octylphenol

0.321; 0.183

 

 

 

0.281; 0.357

13; -96;

Switzerland: 1983-85

Nänikon

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1480)

 

 

(210)

(86)

24- and 2-h composite water samples

(Ahel 1994)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(510)

 

 

(490)

(4)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(150)

 

 

(610)

(-310)

NP

 

(220)

 

 

(200)

(9)

SUM NP-c

 

(2360 ) 1120

 

 

(1510) 430

(36)

Fällanden

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1980)

 

 

(140)

(93)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(310)

 

 

(70)

(77)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(180)

 

 

(600)

(-230)

NP

 

(170)

 

 

(10)

(94)

SUM NP-c

 

(2640) 1390

 

 

(820) 300

(69)

Bassersdorf

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(3220)

 

 

(110)

(97)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(480)

 

 

(10)

(77)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(170)

 

 

(580)

(-240)

NP

 

(110)

 

 

(30)

(73)

SUM NP-c

 

(3980) 2060

 

 

(830) 270

(79)

Dübendorf

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1570)

 

 

(380)

(76)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(660)

 

 

(470)

(29)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(160)

 

 

(930)

(-480)

NP

 

(160)

 

 

(100)

(37)

SUM NP-c

 

(2550) 1120

 

 

(1880) 460

(26)

Zürich-Glatt

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1690)

 

 

(140)

(92)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(450)

 

 

(90)

(80)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(140)

 

 

(440)

(-210)

NP

 

(140)

 

 

(20)

(86)

SUM NP-c

 

(2420) 1200

 

 

(690) 240

(71)

Opfikon

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(2980)

 

 

(640)

(78)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(640)

 

 

(760)

(-19)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(170)

 

 

(590)

(-250)

NP

 

(260)

 

 

(160)

(38)

SUM NP-c

 

(4050) 2020

 

 

(2150) 760

(47)

Niederglatt

NpnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1890)

 

 

(160)

(92)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(790)

 

 

(170)

(78)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(90)

 

 

(290)

(-220)

NP

 

(270)

 

 

(40)

(85)

SUM NP-c

 

(3040) 1440

 

 

(660) 240

(78)

Bülach

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(2390)

 

 

(280)

(88)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(530)

 

 

(270)

(49)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(130)

 

 

(490)

(-280)

NP

 

(170)

 

 

(30)

(82)

SUM NP-c

 

(3220) 1640

 

 

(1070) 370

(67)

Stadel

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1310)

 

 

(280)

(79)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(830)

 

 

(620)

(25)

NP1EC+NP1EC

 

(100)

 

 

(580)

(-480)

NP

 

(4309)

 

 

(70)

(84)

SUM NP-c NP-c

 

(2670) 1090

 

 

(1550) 530

(42)

Glattfelden

NPnEO, n = 3-20

 

(1730)

 

 

(130)

(92)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(390)

 

 

(140)

(64)

NP1EOC+NP1OEC

 

(80)

 

 

(610)

(-660)

NP

 

(130)

 

 

(60)

(54)

SUM NP-c

 

(2330) 1220

 

 

(940) 300

(60)

Rheinsfelden

NpnEO, n = 3-20

 

(2170)

 

 

(130)

(94)

NP1EO+NP1EO

 

(840)

 

 

(200)

(76)

NP1EOC+NP1EOC

 

(270)

 

 

(560)

(-110)

NP

 

(110)

 

 

(30)

(73)

SUM NP-c

 

(3390) 1530

 

 

(920) 300

(73)

Italy:

Ostia (1991-92)

NPnEO, n = 1-18

50-360

 

 

 

2-27

 

24-h composite samples collected monthly during one year (n=12)

(Corcia 1994)

NPnEOC, n= 1->7

<~ 3

 

 

 

10-145

 

NP

2-40

 

 

 

0.7-4

 

Cobis, Rome (1997)

CAmPEnC, m=3-8, n=1-2

 

 

 

 

58

 

A 24-h flow proportional composite sample (n=1)

 

Corcia 1998)

CAmPEn, m=6-8, n=1-2

 

 

 

 

0.68

Total A9PE's (A9PE2)

 

 

 

 

12

Total A9PEC's (A9PE2C)

 

 

 

 

21

USA:

STPs in Texas

NP/OP6EO

813

 

 

 

9.4-86

 

Grab samples (n= 3-4)

(Rudel 1998)

NP/OP5EO

20003

 

 

 

123

 

NP/OP4EO

 

 

 

 

183

 

NP/OP3EO

890-1000

 

 

 

 

 

NP2EO

6.4-8.0

 

 

 

0.803

 

NP1EO

15-21

 

 

 

5.53

 

NP1EC

1.3-1.7

 

 

 

423

 

NP

25-33

 

 

 

163

 

OP2EO

0.0673

 

 

 

 

 

OP1EO

0.213

 

 

 

 

 

OP

0.20-0.74

 

 

 

0.153

 

Septic tanks in Texas

NP/OP6EO

583

 

 

 

 

 

Grab samples (n=5)

NP/OP5EO

9003

 

 

 

 

 

NP/OP4EO

773

 

 

 

 

 

NP/OP3EO

23003

 

 

 

 

 

NP2EO

79-100

 

 

 

 

 

NP1EO

440-580

 

 

 

 

 

NP1EC

37-57

 

 

 

 

 

NP

1000-1500

 

 

 

 

 

OP2EO

 

 

 

 

 

 

OP1EO

8.0-9.8

 

 

 

 

 

OP

35-42

 

 

 

 

 

6 STPs at Green Bay (1995)

NP1EC

 

 

 

 

7.6-29.4

 

24-h composite samples (n=6)

(Field 1996)

NP2EC

 

 

 

 

64.1-128.0

 

NP3EC

 

 

 

 

24.8-105.0

 

NP4EC

 

 

 

 

9.7-29.2

 

SUM NPnEC, n = 1-4

 

 

 

 

142.5-272.4

 

Japan:

40 STPs (1995-96)

NPnEO, n = 4-18

 

5.1-1035

n.d.-409

 

n.d.-245

 

Grab samples

(n=38-40)

(Fujita 2000)

NPnEO, n = 1-3

 

n.d.-938

n.d.-42.9

 

n.d.-60.0

 

NPnEC, n = 1-3

 

n.d.-25.8

n.d.-22.9

 

n.d.-1119

 

BrNPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

n.d.-0.5

 

n.d.-0.1

 

BrNPnEC, n = 1-2

 

 

n.d-0.9

 

n.d.-52.4

 

ClNPnEO, n = 1-2

 

 

n.d.-6.5

 

n.d.-4.0

 

ClNPnEC, n = 1-2

 

 

n.d.-1.4

 

n.d.-3.3

 

NP

 

 

n.d.-3.9

 

n.d.-1.7

 

SUM NP-c

 

10.3-1972

0.2-454

 

n.d.-1171

Average = 70

Canada:

Ontario

NPnEO, n = 1-17

(275-671)

123-415

(109-342)

43.1-167

 

 

(11.4-96.7)

3.3-32.4

 

24-h composite samples

(n=12)

(Lee 1998b)

NP

(8.2-103)

(7.2-49.6)

 

 

(2.6-9.6)

 

NP1EC

(7.9-257)

(11.9-39.9)

 

 

(32.7-158)

 

NP2EC

(4.4-47.8)

(13.4-50.9)

 

 

(41-128)

 

OP

(0.8-7.5)

(0.6-3.9)

 

 

(0.2-3.2)

 

OP1EC

(0.8-31.8)

(0.9-11.5)

 

 

(4.9-109)

 

OP2EC

(0.3-12.4)

(1.1-10.2)

 

 

(4.9-41)

 

Total NP-c+OP-c

(319-844)

(155-469)

 

 

(169-484)

(20-76)

Burlington, Ontario

NP2EO

0.88

 

 

2.6

0.16

 

Grab samples

(Bernie 1998)

NP1EO

3.6

 

 

29

0.15

 

4-NP

28

 

 

229

0.60

 

4-t-OP

1.8

 

 

5.9

0.030

 

Burnaby, British Columbia

NP2EO

 

 

 

26

2.4

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

54

5.3

 

4-NP

 

 

 

469

13

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

9.7

<0.005

 

Cambridge-Galt, Ontario

NP2EO

1.3

 

 

42

12

 

NP1EO

3.2

 

 

167

26

 

4-NP

156

 

 

329

1.4

 

4-t-OP

21

 

 

15

<0.005

 

Charlottetown, Prince Edwards Island

NP2EO

 

 

 

20

1.7

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

71

3.3

 

4-NP

 

 

 

45

2.5

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

3.0

0.37

 

Cowansville, Quebec

NP2EO

24

 

 

43

2.1

 

NP1EO

43

 

 

26

1.5

 

4-NP

62

 

 

11

0.37

 

4-t-OP

<0.005

 

 

<0.010

<0.005

 

Edmonton, Alberta

NP2EO

 

 

 

297

4.8

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

332

6.9

 

4-NP

 

 

 

159

0.55

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

5.3

<0.005

 

Granby, Quebec

NP2EO

6.5

 

 

69

0.67

 

NP1EO

4.3

 

 

14

0.072

 

4-NP

2.3

 

 

8.4

0.62

 

4-t-OP

0.12

 

 

1.1

0.054

 

Guelph, Ontario

NP2EO

0.26

 

 

23

21

 

NP1EO

5.3

 

 

36

14

 

4-NP

119

 

 

850

1.9

 

4-t-OP

6.3

 

 

20

<0.005

 

Hamilton, Ontario

NP2EO

0.59

 

 

1.5

0.54

 

NP1EO

5.9

 

 

25

1.3

 

4-NP

12

 

 

609

1.6

 

4-t-OP

1.2

 

 

16

0.18

 

Moncton, New Brunswick

NP2EO

4.3

 

 

14

4.4

 

NP1EO

2.9

 

 

70

3.0

 

4-NP

0.69

 

 

15

1.8

 

4-t-OP

0.14

 

 

0.70

0.13

 

Montreal, Qebec

NP2EO

 

 

 

34

1.7

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

128

2.5

 

4-NP

 

 

 

113

1.2

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

5.3

0.12

 

Regina, Saskatchewan

NP2EO

 

 

 

93

0.46

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

437

1.11

 

4-NP

 

 

 

198

<0.020

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

8.1

<0.005

 

Saint John, New Brunswick

NP2EO

 

 

 

20

0.38

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

3.9

0.26

 

4-NP

 

 

 

11

0.45

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

0.87

0.049

 

Toronto, Ontario

NP2EO

n.a.

 

 

26

0.099

 

NP1EO

n.a.

 

 

70

0.092

 

4-NP

5.5

 

 

272

1.7

 

4-t-OP

0.56

 

 

7.9

0.060

 

Truro, Nova Scotia

NP2EO

8.4

 

 

93

5.4

 

NP1EO

8.5

 

 

70

1.5

 

4-NP

2.9

 

 

37

1.8

 

4-t-OP

0.28

 

 

0.52

0.18

 

Winnipeg, Manitoba

NP2EO

 

 

 

34

1.8

 

NP1EO

 

 

 

62

1.0

 

4-NP

 

 

 

239

4.8

 

4-t-OP

 

 

 

6.7

<0.005

 

n.d.: not detectable
n.a.: not aviable
1: Reject water
2: De-watered sludge (dry matter = 24-26%)
3: Average of detected