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Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in agricultural
fields
Colophon
Title
Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in the agricultural
fields
Author
Esbjerg, Peter; Petersen, Bo Svenning; Jensen, Anne-Mette M. Johnsen, Ib;
Navntoft, Søren; C. Rasmussen; S. Rasmussen
Publisher
221 Danish Environmental Protection Agency
Responsible institution
eng: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Ecology,
Zoology Section; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Economy
Section; Ornis Consult A/S; University of Copenhagen, Botanical
Institute, Department of Physiological Ecology; Danish Agricultural
Advisory Centre
Ansvarlig institution
dan: Kgl. Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole, Institut for Økologi Afdeling, Sektion
Zoologi; Kgl. Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole, Institut for Økonomi, Skov og Landskab,
Sektion for Økonomi; Ornis Consult A/S; Københavns Universitet, Botanisk Institut;
Landbrugets Rådgivningscenter
Copyright
Ministry of Environment. Danish Environmental Protection Agency
Series and number
Bekæmpelsesmiddelforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, nr. 58, 2002
Keywords
eng: pesticides; comsumption; agriculture; birds; plants; insects;
yields
Emneord
dan: pesticider; forbrug; jordbrug; insekter; fugle; planter; populationer; optællinger;
udbytte
Abstract
eng: In this large scale project, related to the Danish Pesticide Action Plan I, responses
of flora and fauna in arable fields to reduced dosages of herbicides and fungicides were
investigated. After pilot studies the investigations were carried out 1997-1999 at five
farms where three dosage plots of 6 hectare or more could be placed in each of the crops
spring barley, winter wheat and sugar beets, rotated as mentioned. The dosage levels were
normal (by definition the farmers choice of chemicals and dosage), half and quarter. In
beets the reduced herbicide levels were obtained by applying normal dosage in narrow bands
plus supplementary mechanical weed control. The reduced dosages opened for higher plant
densities, at quarter significantly higher than at normal. Beside this more plant species
were found at the reduced dosages and the proportion of flowering species increased with
decreasing dosage. Samplings of insects proved in general higher abundances at reduced
dosage. As for plants this came out very clearly at quarter dosage in barley. An over-all
analysis of non-carnivores and carnivores in the three different crops strongly supported
a general improvement at quarter dosage. Counts of birds revealed that Skylarks,
Whitethroats and "small seed-eaters" all occurred significantly different in
response to dosages with higher numbers towards quarter dosage. The effect of half dosage
was less clear but the estimates indicate that half of the improvement through quarter
dosage is also obtained by half dosage. Investigations of yield and economy revealed
limited losses. The economical calculations indicate that on short term yield reductions
are generally counterbalanced by reduced pesticide costs. The effect not properly covered
is the risk of accumulated weed problems in case on ongoing reduced dosages on the same
area. In conclusion both quarter and half dosages will improve the "nature
element" of fields. However, the gain at quarter dosage is much more marked. Modern
GPS technology combined with a more sophisticated planning open for this option and hence
the reestablishment of more flora and fauna in arable fields still supplying sufficient
yields.
Resumé
dan: I et storskala-projekt knyttet til Pesticidhandlingsplan I er effekter af nedsatte
herbicid- og insekticiddoseringer på markernes flora og fauna blevet undersøgt. Efter et
pilot-år blev forsøget udført i 1997-1999 på fem store brug. Sædskiftet var
vårbyg-vinterhvede-sukkerroer, hvori forsøgsparceller på hver mindst 6 hektar blev
udlagt. Doseringerne var normal (defineret som avlerens valg af middel og dosis), halv og
kvart. I roer blev nedsættelserne gennemført ved båndsprøjtning i faldende båndbredde
og suppleret med mekanisk ukrudtbehandling. Nedsat dosering gav rum for højere
plantetætheder med signifikant ændring ved kvart dosering, særlig tydeligt i byg.
Derudover medførte nedsat dosering generelt flere plantearter og andelen af blomstrende
planter steg med faldende dosering. Insektprøvetagninger viste øgede forekomster ved
nedsat dosering. Som tilfældet var for planter var dette meget tydeligt ved kvart
dosering i byg. En overordnet analyse af rovlevende og ikke- rovlevende insekter
underbyggede, at der generelt blev højere forekomster ved kvart dosering. Fugletællinger
afslørede at sanglærker, tornsangere og små frøædere (især gulspurve) forekom i
signifikant højere antal ved nedsat dosering og her især ved kvart dosering. Effekten af
halv dosering var mindre klar, men resultaterne indicerer, at halvdelen af den forøgelse,
som opnås ved kvart dosis, også opnås ved halv dosis. Projektets udbyttemålinger viste
begrænsede udbyttetab. Økonomiske beregninger viste, at disse tab stort set blev opvejet
af mindskede pesticidudgifter. Dermed er problematikken vedrørende akkumulering af
særlige ukrudtspletter, hvis der vedvarende bruges lav dosis samme sted, dog ikke
tilstrækkeligt belyst. Der kan konkluderes, at både halv og kvart dosering fremmer
markernes naturindhold, dog med en langt mere markant gevinst ved kvart dosering.
Skiftende arealer med nedsat dosering kombineret med moderne GPS-udstyr
vil muliggøre både god indtjening og reetablering af et rigere plante- og dyreliv i
markerne.
Language
eng
ISBN - electronic
ISBN 87-7972-111-7
URL
http://www.mst.dk
Version
1.0
Version date
2002.04-23
Format
htm; gif; jpg; pdf
Inventory
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ISBN - print
ISBN 87-7972-112-5
Publication standard no.
1.0
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