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    Water Prices in CEE and CIS Countries. Volume II: Case Studies 
    
    This paper constitutes the desk study on small towns, where Borovichi,
    Russia, and Ukmerge, Lithuania, have been chosen as cases. The paper is a part of the
    toolkit project on acceptability of water prices in CEE and CIS countries. 
    The desk study for Ukmerge is based on a study made by Mileu, AAPC and SIC. The
    latter study has been made without the toolkit, but the analysis proposed in the toolkit
    regarding customers perception and affordability can be carried out in the basis of the
    material. 
    However, a lack of history on revenues due to decreasing water consumption as a result
    of increasing prices per m3, stresses the importance of demand analysis as proposed in the
    toolkit. 
    The case study for Borovichi is based on work by Carl Bro Management and The
    Kaliningrad Centre for Social Surveys. The desk study was conducted as a test of an
    early version of the Small Towns Toolkit, but with quite limited resource input. This is
    also reflected in the findings which are more limited than those which would result from
    using the Small Town Toolkit. However, the study makes it possible to get a grasp of the
    situation in Borovichi. 
    None of the studies include an analysis of the political acceptability of an increase
    in water tariff in the towns, and hence a test of the Toolkit regarding these issues is
    not a part of this working paper. The statements and recommendations are those of the
    consultant and do not represent the views or policies of DEPA, EBRD or the municipal
    authorities. 
      
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