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Possible Control of EU Priority Substances in Danish Waters

Contents

Abbreviations

Summary and conclusions

Sammendrag og konklusioner

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Objectives
• 1.3 Project Implementation

2 Technical analysis and assessment

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Screening of the 33 priority substances
• 2.3 The selected priority substances
  • 2.3.1 Priority substances
  • 2.3.2 Priority hazardous substances
• 2.4 The not-selected priority substances
• 2.5 Losses of priority hazardous substances from contaminated sites
• 2.6 Priority hazardous substances in biota
• 2.7 Other pollutants
• 2.8 Principles for assessment of EQS compliance
• 2.9 References

3 Economic analysis and assessment

• 3.1 Approach and methodology
• 3.2 Lessons from International economic assessments
  • 3.2.1 ECOLAS Study for the Commission
  • 3.2.2 British studies
  • 3.2.3 Assessment
  • 3.2.4 Benefits
  • 3.2.5 Summary of international studies
• 3.3 Scenarios
  • 3.3.1 Current State (Reference State)
  • 3.3.2 Scenario A - No common measures and no common EQS (as with Water Framework Directive only)
  • 3.3.3 Scenario B - Common EQS and common measures (the 2005 draft proposal for Daughter Directive)
  • 3.3.4 Scenario C - Common EQS and no common measures (the official Daughter Directive proposal)
  • 3.3.5 Summary of scenarios
• 3.4 Discussion of possible regulatory instruments
  • 3.4.1 Economic Instruments
  • 3.4.2 Administrative Regulation
  • 3.4.3 Voluntary Agreements
  • 3.4.4 Summary of Possible Regulatory Instruments
• 3.5 References

4 Assessment of cadmium

• 4.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 4.1.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 4.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 4.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 4.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 4.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 4.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate cadmium
  • 4.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
  • 4.2.3 Summary and assessment of technical possibilities
• 4.3 Economic Assessment
• 4.4 Conclusion on Cadmium
• 4.5 References

5 Assessment of DEHP

• 5.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 5.1.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 5.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 5.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 5.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 5.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 5.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate DEHP
  • 5.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
  • 5.2.3 Summary and assessment of technical possibilities
• 5.3 Economic Assessment
• 5.4 Conclusion regarding DEHP
• 5.5 References

6 Assessment of lead

• 6.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 6.1.1 Introduction
  • 6.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 6.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 6.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 6.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 6.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 6.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate lead
  • 6.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
• 6.3 Economic Assessment
• 6.4 Conclusion regarding lead
• 6.5 References

7 Assessment of mercury

• 7.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 7.1.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 7.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 7.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 7.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 7.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 7.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate mercury
  • 7.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
• 7.3 Economic Assessment
• 7.4 Conclusion on mercury
• 7.5 References

8 Assessment of nickel

• 8.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 8.1.1 Introduction
  • 8.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 8.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 8.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 8.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 8.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 8.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate nickel
  • 8.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
• 8.3 Economic Assessment
• 8.4 Conclusion on nickel
• 8.5 References

9 Assessment of nonylphenol

• 9.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 9.1.1 Introduction
  • 9.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 9.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 9.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 9.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
  9.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 9.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate nonylphenol
  • 9.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
  • 9.2.3 Summary and assessment of technical possibilities
• 9.3 Economic Assessment
• 9.4 Conclusion on Nonylphenol
• 9.5 References

10 Assessment of PAH

• 10.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 10.1.1 Introduction
  • 10.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 10.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 10.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 10.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 10.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 10.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate PAH
  • 10.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
  • 10.2.3 Summary and assessment of technical possibilities
• 10.3 Economic Assessment
• 10.4 Conclusion on PAH
• 10.5 References

11 Assessment of tributyltin

• 11.1 Definition of the reference state
  • 11.1.1 Introduction
  • 11.1.2 Main uses and pollution sources
  • 11.1.3 Releases to and state of the aquatic environment
  • 11.1.4 Existing legislation/regulation and their impact
  • 11.1.5 Conclusion on the need for further regulation
• 11.2 Possible reduction/elimination measures
  • 11.2.1 Technical measures to reduce/eliminate TBT
  • 11.2.2 Possible synergies with other (priority) substances
• 11.3 Economic Assessment
• 11.4 Conclusion on TBT
• 11.5 References

12 Assessment of the other 23 priority pollutants

• 12.1 Priority substances
• 12.2 Priority hazardous substances

13 Assessment of measures against stormwater discharges

• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Technical measures for retention of suspended particles in stormwater discharges
• 13.3 Assessment of treatment efficiencies for selected options
• 13.4 Economic Assessment
  • 13.4.1 General assumptions on the potential extent of the measure
  • 13.4.2 "Worst case" - Scenario B
  • 13.4.3 "Critical areas" - Scenario A/C
• 13.5 Concluding remarks on removal of priority substances from stormwater discharges

14 Conclusion

• 14.1 The need for further national regulation
  • 14.1.1 EQS compliance
  • 14.1.2 Cessation/phase-out of discharges, emissions and losses
  • 14.1.3 Losses of priority substances from contaminated sites
  • 14.1.4 Certain priority hazardous substances in biota
  • 14.1.5 Other pollutants
• 14.2 Progressive reduction and cessation/phase-out measures
• 14.3 Overall economic assessment
  • 14.3.1 Substance-specific assessments
  • 14.3.2 Assessment of common measures for all substances
  • 14.3.3 Conclusion on economic consequences

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Version 1.0 August 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency