Problem |
% loss and effect on contribution margin |
Background |
16. Minimum control of potato blight in ware and
starch potatoes |
24% in ware potatoes 2 TFI increases CMII by DKK
7,500/ha
28% in starch potatoes 4 TFI increases CMII by DKK 2,700/ha |
Starch potatoes have a long production period, and it
would be difficult to maintain the high yields that are needed to ensure profitability if
some control of blight were not permitted (25,000 ha). Due to high prices for ware
potatoes, some blight control could generally be defended on economic grounds (10-15,000
ha). |
17. Seed-dressing and band spraying in beets and sugar
beet |
Seed-dressing reduces losses by 10%=DKK 1,500
Band-spraying would give an advantage of DKK 9,000 compared with hand-hoeing. |
Manual weeding of beets is very costly and it is
extremely uncertain whether the necessary manpower for a satisfactory result could be
obtained. Band-spraying combined with inter-row cultivation could, at a cautious estimate,
halve the need for herbicides. Beet seed would have to treated with a dressing agent to
ensure reliable, uniform establishment and minimise pest problems in the establishment
phase (111,000 ha with beets in all). |
18. Controlling specific weeds in cereals (e.g.
camomile and charlock) |
The additional yield from controlling dicotyledonous
weeds in cereals is low.
The return per ha is relatively low DKK 190-250/ha with a low dosage. |
Some of the species that are difficult to control
mechanically are very sensitive to herbicides, e.g. charlock and camomile. Chemical
control would increase cultivation security and reduce the need for mechanical weed
control, which is the most risky form of control for this crop. |
19. Controlling weeds in peas |
Peas are a crop that has difficulty in competing with
weeds, and the way pea plants grow makes mechanical control difficult. |
It is estimated that the entire acreage with peas
would need weed control typically split application with reduced dosages. The
sub-committee suggests using the smallest possible quantity of herbicide - corresponding
to the ++scenario. |
20. Controlling patches of perennial weeds such as
thistles etc. |
3 % of the cultivated acreage is deemed to need this.
It is estimated that all crops benefit from this form of control. |
Control of certain perennial varieties is difficult
and makes it impossible, for example, to grow second crops. Patch control of thistles etc.
could obviate this problem. |
21. Controlling grass weed on particularly
contaminated land |
The loss from grass weed in winter cereals is often
more than 15-20%. Full TFI must be used on acreages needing this. |
On some land there are serious problems with grass
weeds such as loose silky bent and blackgrass. Experience with mechanical control is very
uncertain. Particularly in the transitional phase, the changes in crop rotations are not
expected to be adequate on contaminated land. |
22. Controlling severe attacks of leaf disease in
wheat and winter barley on the basis of warnings |
In wheat, losses of more than 15 % are common every
other year, and a TFI of 0.5 is recommended.
In winter barley, losses of more than 15% are common every 4th year, and a TFI of
0.4 is recommended. |
Even if varieties with the best available resistance
were grown, there could be years in which severe attacks of leaf diseases in cereals
caused losses of more than 15-20 %. Heavy losses would be particularly likely in rainy
growing seasons. |
23. Controlling pollen beetle in spring rape in
conditions in which the crop cannot compensate for attacks |
It is estimated that there is a loss of 25% on one
quarter of the acreage. |
In drought conditions, among others, spring rape might
not be able to compensate for attacks of pollen beetle. Control measures should therefore
be taken to safeguard the crop. |
24. Band-spraying with herbicides in maize |
With mechanical weed control, the crop loss will in
many cases be more than 15-20%. |
The experience with mechanical weed control is
uncertain. A combination of band-spray and inter-row cultivation would ensure a more
stable coarse-fodder yield (45,000 ha). |
25. Chemical control of couch grass in 1 in 10 years,
combined with mechanical control |
Without effective control of couch grass, the yield
loss can exceed 15% in crops that have difficulty in competing with this weed. |
Mechanical control of couch grass is very much less
reliable than chemical control and is also dependent on the weather. Winter cereals, green
fields and second crops reduce the options. Limited chemical treatment combined with
mechanical control would increase cultivation security. |
26. Controlling poisonous weeds, such as spring
groundsel, in coarse fodder |
If the population of poisonous spring groundsel is
large, the crop cannot be used for silage and hay. |
Spring groundsel has become an increasing problem
since the introduction of set-aside acreage. On grassland, control may be necessary to
prevent poisoning of cattle. |
27. Controlling aphids in wheat and peas when the
damage threshold has been exceeded |
The crop loss from aphids in peas is expected to
exceed 15% on about 20% of the acreage.
The crop loss from aphids in spring barley is expected to exceed 15 % on about 12% of
clayey soil and 6% of sandy soil.
The crop loss from aphids in wheat is expected to exceed 15% on around 10% of clayey soil. |
In some parts of the country mainly on the
islands - aphids can cause serious losses in cereals and peas. Control is recommended
where it is certain that the damage thresholds have been exceeded. |
28. Controlling snails and flea beetle in rape when
the damage threshold has been exceeded |
Severe attacks can cause losses of more than 15% on
around 5-10% of the acreage. There is only limited documentation of the need. |
In winter rape, snails and flea beetle cause serious
problems in some seasons that might warrant the use of spraying to avoid the need to
resow. |
29. Controlling clover weevil in clover-grass
production |
Attacks in clover-seed fields can often halve the
clover-seed yield. The need is expected to be great on the entire acreage with clover. |
Clover weevil can be a serious problem that reduces
still further the cultivation security of an already unreliable crop. |
30. Prevention and control of diseases and pests in
fruit growing, evaluated on the basis of the level of attack |
|
Prevention and control of diseases and pests in fruit
(apples, strawberries, blackcurrants, etc.) are needed to ensure a continued, good and
stable Danish production. |
31. Prevention and control of diseases and pests in
vegetables, evaluated on the basis of the level of attack |
|
Prevention and control of diseases and pests in
vegetables on the basis of a need evaluation are needed to ensure continued, stable and
competitive production. |
32. Pre-harvest desiccation and prevention and control
of fungal diseases in garden-seed crops
|
|
For stable production of species of garden seed,
prevention and control of fungal diseases are needed, together with pre-harvest
desiccation, to ensure uniform maturation, which is often a condition for good-quality
seed. |