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Future Air Quality in Danish cities

 

 

Appendix 3:
Hot and Cold Emission Factors, and Beta-factors

1995

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

11.10

2.02

1.43

0.00

0.41

0.0050

0.0643

1.37

0.0907

1.53
Catalyst

1.55

0.30

0.16

0.00

0.04

0.0530

0.0294

0.13

0.0091

0.17
Gasoline total

7.37

1.35

0.94

0.00

0.30

0.0237

0.0506

0.89

0.0588

0.99
Diesel

0.46

0.52

0.09

0.12

0.05

0.0270

0.0039

0.09

    
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

14.18

3.04

2.04

0.00

0.52

0.0060

0.1500

1.89

0.0907

2.13
Catalyst

2.06

0.29

0.14

0.00

0.05

0.0530

0.0289

0.11

0.0091

0.15
Gasoline total

13.10

2.79

1.87

0.00

0.48

0.0102

0.1393

1.73

0.0835

1.95
Diesel

0.98

1.20

0.12

0.27

0.10

0.0170

0.0050

0.11

    
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

7.55

1.39

0.96

0.00

-

0.0233

0.0496

0.92

0.0596

1.02
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

2.25

2.24

1.24

0.27

0.010

0.0300

0.0814

1.16

    
7,5-16 t.

2.25

4.87

1.24

0.53

0.010

0.0300

0.0814

1.16

    
16-32 t.

2.27

9.34

1.19

0.64

0.010

0.0300

0.1601

1.03

    

> 32 t.

2.27

13.82

1.19

0.68

0.010

0.0300

0.1601

1.03

    
Total

2.27

8.87

1.20

0.58

0.010

0.0300

0.1336

1.07

    
Buses

2.93

11.13

0.74

0.42

0.010

0.0300

0.1675

0.58

    
Lorries and buses Total

2.36

9.20

1.14

0.56

0.010

0.0300

0.1385

1.00

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

1995

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

31.32

2.18

3.18

0.00

1.16

0.14

3.04

0.07

3.24

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

17.74

0.93

1.20

0.00

0.46

0.07

1.13

0.01

1.20

0.23

0.23

0.23
Gasoline total

26.02

1.69

2.40

0.00

0.95

0.11

2.29

0.04

2.45

0.23

0.23

0.23
Diesel

0.74

0.61

0.21

0.25

0.07

0.01

0.20

    

0.23

0.23

0.23
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

40.01

3.28

4.51

0.00

1.48

0.33

4.18

0.07

4.58

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

16.84

1.04

1.65

0.00

0.43

0.06

1.58

0.01

1.66

0.23

0.23

0.23
Gasoline total

37.96

3.08

4.26

0.00

1.38

0.31

3.95

0.06

4.32

0.23

0.23

0.23
Diesel

1.58

1.41

0.26

0.57

0.16

0.01

0.25

 

  

0.23

0.23

0.23
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

26.39

1.74

2.46

0.00

-

0.12

2.34

0.04

2.51

0.23

0.23

0.23
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

2.25

2.24

1.24

0.27

0.010

0.08

1.16

 

        
7,5-16 t.

2.25

4.87

1.24

0.53

0.010

0.08

1.16

          
16-32 t.

2.27

9.34

1.19

0.64

0.010

0.16

1.03

          
> 32 t.

2.27

13.82

1.19

0.68

0.010

0.16

1.03

          
Total

2.27

8.87

1.20

0.58

0.010

0.13

1.07

          
Buses

2.93

11.13

0.74

0.42

0.010

0.17

0.58

 

        
Lorries and buses Total

2.36

9.20

1.14

0.56

0.010

0.14

1.00

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

1997

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

10.15

2.02

1.39

0.00

-

0.0050

0.0643

1.33

0.0907

1.48
Catalyst

1.76

0.35

0.16

0.00

-

0.0530

0.0245

0.14

0.0091

0.17
Gasoline total

5.44

1.08

0.70

0.00

-

0.0320

0.0419

0.66

0.0448

0.75
Diesel

0.41

0.54

0.08

0.10

-

0.0270

0.0039

0.08

    
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

13.67

3.03

2.02

0.00

-

 0.0060

0.0050

2.02

0.0907

2.11
Catalyst

2.32

0.42

0.17

0.00

-

0.0530

0.0050

0.16

0.0091

0.18
Gasoline total

10.79

2.37

1.55

0.00

-

0.0179

0.0050

1.55

0.0700

1.62
Diesel

0.87

1.17

0.12

0.23

-

0.0170

0.0050

0.11

    
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

5.59

1.12

0.73

0.00

-

0.0316

0.0408

0.69

0.0456

0.77
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

2.04

2.09

1.18

0.25

-

0.0300

0.0776

1.11

    
7,5-16 t.

2.04

4.54

1.18

0.48

-

0.0300

0.0776

1.11

    
16-32 t.

2.08

8.48

1.08

0.57

-

0.0300

0.1454

0.93

    
> 32 t.

2.08

12.55

1.08

0.62

-

0.0300

0.1454

0.93

  

 
Total

2.06

8.58

1.11

0.54

-

0.0300

0.1269

0.98

    
Buses

2.65

10.36

0.71

0.38

-

0.0300

0.1598

0.55

    
Lorries and buses Total

2.15

8.84

1.05

0.52

-

0.0300

0.1316

0.92

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

1997

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

28.65

2.18

3.09

0.00

-

 0.14

2.94

0.07

3.15

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

20.16

1.07

1.27

0.00

-

0.05

1.22

0.01

1.28

0.21

0.21

0.21
Gasoline total

23.88

1.56

2.07

0.00

-

0.09

1.97

0.03

2.10

0.22

0.22

0.22
Diesel

0.66

0.63

0.19

0.20

-

0.01

0.18

    

0.22

0.22

0.22
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

38.59

3.28

4.48

0.00

-

0.33

4.15

0.07

4.55

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

18.92

1.50

2.03

0.00

-

0.06

1.96

0.01

2.03

0.23

0.23

0.23
Gasoline total

33.60

2.83

3.86

0.00

-

0.26

3.60

0.05

3.91

0.23

0.23

0.23
Diesel

1.39

1.38

0.26

0.49

-

0.01

0.25

    

0.23

0.23

0.23
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

24.16

1.60

2.12

0.00

-

0.10

2.02

0.03

2.15

0.22

0.22

0.22
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

2.04

2.09

1.18

0.25

-

0.08

1.11

          
7,5-16 t.

2.04

4.54

1.18

0.48

-

0.08

1.11

          
16-32 t.

2.08

8.48

1.08

0.57

-

0.15

0.93

          
> 32 t.

2.08

12.55

1.08

0.62

-

0.15

0.93

          
Total

2.06

8.58

1.11

0.54

-

0.13

0.98

          
Buses

2.65

10.36

0.71

0.38

-

0.16

0.55

          
Lorries and buses Total

2.15

8.84

1.05

0.52

-

0.13

0.92

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2000

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

8.87

2.03

1.33

0.00

0.18

0.0050

0.0643

1.27

0.0907

1.42

Catalyst

1.72

0.31

0.12

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0155

0.11

0.0091

0.13

Gasoline total

3.95

0.84

0.50

0.00

0.09

0.0380

0.0307

0.47

0.0345

0.53
Diesel

0.37

0.55

0.08

0.08

0.02

0.0270

0.0039

0.07

 

  
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

12.88

3.04

1.99

0.00

0.26

0.0060

0.1500

1.84

0.0907

2.08
Catalyst

2.32

0.49

0.17

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0208

0.14

0.0091

0.17
Gasoline total

7.91

1.84

1.13

0.00

0.15

0.0281

0.0893

1.04

0.0523

1.18
Diesel

0.71

1.13

0.12

0.18

0.04

0.0170

0.0043

0.11

    
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

4.07

0.87

0.52

0.00

-

0.0378

0.0324

0.49

0.0350

0.55
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

1.72

1.83

1.10

0.21

0.004

 0.0300

0.0723

1.03

    
7,5-16 t.

1.72

3.97

1.10

0.41

0.004

0.0300

0.0723

1.03

 

 
16-32 t.

1.79

7.19

0.93

0.46

0.004

0.0300

0.1254

0.80

 

  
> 32 t.

1.79

10.63

0.93

0.49

0.004

0.0300

0.1254

0.80

 

  
Total

1.77

7.30

0.98

0.44

0.004

0.0300

0.1109

0.86

 

  
Buses

2.24

9.08

0.66

0.32

0.004

0.0300

0.1488

0.51

 

  
Lorries and buses Total

1.84

7.56

0.93

0.42

0.004

0.0300

0.1164

0.81

 

  

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2000

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

25.03

2.19

2.95

0.00

0.51

0.14

2.81

0.07

3.02

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

19.79

0.94

 0.98

0.00

0.20

0.03

0.95

0.01

0.99

0.19

0.19

0.17

Gasoline total

21.42

1.33

1.60

0.00

0.33

0.07

1.53

0.03

1.62

0.20

0.20

0.19
Diesel

0.60

0.65

0.17

0.17

0.04

0.01

0.16

    

0.20

0.20

0.19
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

36.34

3.29

4.41

0.00

0.74

0.33

4.08

0.07

4.48

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

18.91

1.76

1.98

0.00

0.19

0.05

1.94

0.01

1.99

0.20

0.20

0.19

Gasoline total

28.15

2.57

3.27

0.00

0.48

0.20

3.07

0.04

3.31

0.22

0.22

0.21
Diesel

1.14

1.33

0.26

0.26

0.07

0.01

0.25

 

  

0.22

0.22

0.21
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

21.62

1.37

1.65

0.00

-

0.07

1.57

0.03

1.67

0.20

0.20

0.19
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

1.72

1.83

1.10

0.21

0.004

0.07

1.03

          
7,5-16 t.

1.72

3.97

1.10

0.41

0.004

0.07

1.03

          
16-32 t.

1.79

7.19

0.93

0.46

0.004

0.13

0.80

 

        
> 32 t.

1.79

10.63

0.93

0.49

0.004

0.13

0.80

 

        
Total

1.77

7.30

0.98

0.44

0.004

0.11

0.86

 

        
Buses

2.24

9.08

0.66

0.32

0.004

0.15

0.51

          
Lorries and buses Total

1.84

7.56

0.93

0.42

0.004

0.12

0.81

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2005

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

9.47

2.02

1.36

0.00

0.18

0.0050

0.0643

1.29

0.0907

1.45
Catalyst

1.63

0.27

0.10

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0124

0.09

0.0091

0.11

Gasoline total

2.20

0.39

0.19

0.00

0.04

0.0495

0.0161

0.18

0.0150

0.21
Diesel

0.30

0.51

0.06

0.05

0.03

0.0270

0.0036

0.05

    
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

11.53

3.06

1.92

0.00

0.22

0.0060

0.1500

1.77

0.0907

2.01
Catalyst

1.95

0.33

0.10

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0120

0.09

0.0091

0.11
Gasoline total

4.36

1.01

0.56

0.00

0.07

0.0412

0.0467

0.51

0.0296

0.59

Diesel

0.49

1.03

0.10

0.11

0.04

0.0170

0.0028

0.10

    
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

2.26

0.41

0.20

0.00

-

0.0493

0.0170

0.19

0.0154

0.22

Lorries

 3,5-7,5 t.

1.23

1.38

0.91

0.15

0.004

0.0300

0.0595

0.85

 

  
7,5-16 t.

1.23

2.99

0.91

0.29

0.004

0.0300

0.0595

0.85

    
16-32 t.

1.32

5.13

0.68

0.30

0.004

0.0300

0.0923

0.59

    
> 32 t.

1.32

7.59

0.68

0.32

0.004

0.0300

0.0923

0.59

 

  
Total

1.29

5.25

0.74

0.29

0.004

0.0300

0.0834

0.66

    
Buses

1.60

6.84

0.54

0.23

0.004

0.0300

0.1226

0.42

 

  
Lorries and buses Total

1.34

5.48

0.72

0.28

0.004

0.0300

0.0890

0.63

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2005

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

26.72

2.18

3.01

0.00

0.51

0.14

2.87

0.07

3.07

0.23

0.23

0.23

Catalyst

18.78

0.82

0.82

0.00

0.20

0.03

0.79

0.01

0.83

0.17

0.14

0.13

Gasoline total

 19.36

0.92

0.98

0.00

0.23

0.04

0.94

0.01

0.99

0.18

0.15

0.14
Diesel

0.49

0.60

0.13

0.10

0.04

0.01

0.12

    

0.18

0.15

0.14
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

32.53

3.31

4.26

0.00

0.62

0.33

3.93

0.07

4.33

0.23

0.23

0.23

Catalyst

15.94

1.17

1.24

0.00

0.17

0.03

1.21

0.01

1.25

0.17

0.14

0.13

Gasoline total

20.11

1.71

2.00

0.00

0.28

0.10

1.90

0.02

2.02

0.19

0.16

0.16
Diesel

0.79

1.21

0.23

0.23

0.07

0.01

0.22

 

 

0.19

0.16

0.16
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

19.38

0.94

1.01

0.00

-

0.04

0.97

0.01

1.02

0.18

0.15

0.14

Lorries

 3,5-7,5 t.

1.23

1.38

0.91

0.15

0.004

0.06

0.85

          
7,5-16 t.

1.23

2.99

0.91

0.29

0.004

0.06

0.85

 

        
16-32 t.

1.32

5.13

0.68

0.30

0.004

0.09

0.59

          
> 32 t.

1.32

7.59

0.68

0.32

0.004

0.09

0.59

 

        
Total

1.29

5.25

0.74

0.29

0.004

0.08

0.66

 

        
Buses

1.60

6.84

0.54

0.23

0.004

0.12

0.42

 

        
Lorries and buses Total

1.34

5.48

0.72

0.28

0.004

0.09

0.63

 

        

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2010

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

9.77

2.02

1.39

0.00

0.18

0.0050

0.0643

1.33

0.0907

1.48

Catalyst

1.21

0.15

0.04

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0050

0.04

0.0091

0.05
Gasoline total

1.41

0.19

0.07

0.00

0.02

0.0519

0.0065

0.07

0.0110

0.09
Diesel

0.29

0.42

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.0270

0.0032

0.05

 

  
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

11.13

3.07

1.90

0.00

0.21

0.0060

0.1500

1.75

0.0907

1.99

Catalyst

1.71

0.20

0.07

0.00

0.02

 0.0530

0.0072

0.06

0.0091

0.07
Gasoline total

2.43

0.42

0.21

0.00

0.04

0.0494

0.0182

0.19

0.0153

0.22
Diesel

0.33

0.89

0.07

0.06

0.04

0.0170

0.0015

0.07

 

  
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

1.44

0.20

0.08

0.00

-

0.0518

0.0068

0.07

0.0111

0.09

Lorries

 3,5-7,5 t.

0.83

0.95

0.69

0.09

0.004

0.0300

0.0455

0.65

 

  
7,5-16 t.

0.83

2.06

0.69

0.17

0.004

0.0300

0.0455

0.65

 

  
16-32 t.

0.92

3.35

0.47

0.15

0.004

0.0300

0.0639

0.41

 

  
> 32 t.

0.92

4.96

0.47

0.16

0.004

0.0300

0.0639

0.41

    
Total

0.89

3.46

0.53

0.15

0.004

0.0300

0.0589

0.47

    
Buses

0.95

4.21

0.40

0.15

0.004

0.0300

0.0901

0.31

 

 
Lorries and buses Total

0.90

3.56

0.51

0.15

0.004

0.0300

0.0633

0.45

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2010

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

27.56

2.18

3.08

0.00

0.51

0.14

2.94

0.07

3.15

0.23

0.23

0.23

Catalyst

13.87

0.45

0.35

0.00

0.20

0.01

0.34

0.01

0.36

0.11

0.09

0.09

Gasoline total

14.19

0.49

0.42

0.00

0.21

0.01

0.40

0.01

0.43

0.11

0.10

0.09
Diesel

0.46

0.49

0.11

0.07

0.06

0.01

0.10

 

 

0.11

0.10

0.09
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

31.40

3.32

4.21

0.00

0.58

0.33

3.88

0.07

4.28

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

13.92

0.70

0.79

0.00

0.19

0.02

0.77

0.01

0.80

0.12

0.10

0.09
Gasoline total

15.26

0.90

1.05

0.00

0.22

0.04

1.01

0.01

1.06

0.13

0.11

0.10
Diesel

0.53

1.04

0.16

0.16

0.07

0.00

0.16

 

  

0.13

0.11

0.10
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

14.23

0.51

0.44

0.00

-

0.02

0.42

0.01

0.44

0.11

0.10

0.09

Lorries

 3,5-7,5 t. 0.83

0.95

 0.69

0.09

0.004

0.05

0.65

          
7,5-16 t.

0.83

2.06

0.69

0.17

0.004

0.05

0.65

          
16-32 t.

0.92

3.35

0.47

0.15

0.004

0.06

0.41

          
> 32 t.

0.92

4.96

0.47

0.16

0.004

0.06

0.41

          
Total

0.89

3.46

0.53

0.15

0.004

0.06

0.47

          
Buses

0.95

4.21

0.40

0.15

0.004

0.09

0.31

          
Lorries and buses Total

0.90

3.56

0.51

0.15

0.004

0.06

0.45

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2015

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

7.42

2.04

1.27

0.00

0.18

0.0050

0.0643

1.20

0.0907

1.36
Catalyst

0.95

0.09

0.02

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0026

0.02

0.0091

0.03

Gasoline total

1.01

0.11

0.03

0.00

0.02

0.0525

0.0032

0.03

0.0098

0.04
Diesel

0.28

0.36

0.04

0.02

0.05

0.0270

0.0029

0.04

    
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

11.13

3.07

1.90

0.00

0.27

0.0060

0.1500

1.75

0.0907

1.99
Catalyst

1.37

0.11

0.04

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0040

0.03

0.0091

0.05
Gasoline total

1.42

0.12

0.05

0.00

0.02

0.0528

0.0048

0.04

0.0095

0.06
Diesel

0.25

0.79

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.0170

0.0007

0.05

 

  
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

1.02

0.11

0.03

0.00

-

0.0526

0.0032

0.03

0.0098

0.04
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

0.62

0.61

0.55

0.04

0.004

0.0300

0.0361

0.51

 

  
7,5-16 t.

0.62

1.32

0.55

0.09

0.004

0.0300

0.0361

0.51

    
16-32 t.

0.69

2.09

0.36

0.07

0.004

0.0300

0.0480

0.31

    
> 32 t.

0.69

3.10

0.36

0.07

0.004

0.0300

0.0480

0.31

    
Total

0.67

2.16

0.41

0.07

0.004

0.0300

0.0448

0.36

    
Buses

0.74

2.73

0.31

0.14

0.004

0.0300

0.0690

0.24

 

  
Lorries and buses Total

0.68

2.25

0.39

0.08

0.004

0.0300

0.0482

0.35

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2015

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

20.93

2.20

2.81

0.00

0.51

0.14

2.67

0.07

2.88

0.23

0.23

0.23
Catalyst

10.91

0.29

0.18

0.00

0.19

0.01

0.17

0.01

0.18

0.08

0.06

0.06

Gasoline total

11.01

0.31

0.20

0.00

0.20

0.01

0.19

0.01

0.21

0.08

0.06

 0.06
Diesel

0.46

0.42

0.10

0.05

0.08

0.01

0.09

 

 

0.08

0.06

0.06
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

31.40

3.32

4.21

0.00

0.76

0.33

3.88

0.07

4.28

0.23

0.23

0.23

Catalyst

11.15

0.38

0.44

0.00

0.19

0.01

0.43

0.01

0.45

0.08

0.07

0.06

Gasoline total

11.26

0.40

0.46

0.00

0.19

0.01

0.45

0.01

0.47

0.08

0.07

 0.06
Diesel

0.40

0.92

0.11

0.11

0.07

0.00

0.11

 

 

0.08

0.07

0.06
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

11.02

0.31

0.21

0.00

-

0.01

0.20

0.01

0.22

0.08

0.06

0.06
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

0.62

0.61

0.55

0.04

0.004

0.04

0.51

 

        
7,5-16 t.

0.62

1.32

0.55

0.09

0.004

 0.04

0.51

          
16-32 t.

0.69

2.09

0.36

0.07

0.004

0.05

0.31

          
> 32 t.

0.69

3.10

0.36

0.07

0.004

0.05

0.31

          
Total

0.67

2.16

0.41

0.07

0.004

0.04

0.36

          
Buses

0.74

2.73

0.31

0.14

0.004

0.07

0.24

 

        
Lorries and buses Total

0.68

2.25

0.39

0.08

0.004

0.05

0.35

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2020

Hot emission factors (g/km)

CO

NOx

VOC-exh.

Particulates

Benzene*

N2O

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total
Passenger cars Conventional

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
Catalyst

0.79

0.07

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0014

0.01

0.0091

0.02
Gasoline total

0.79

0.07

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0014

0.01

0.0091

0.02
Diesel

0.28

0.32

0.04

0.02

0.05

0.0270

0.0027

0.04

    
Light duty vehicles (LDV) Conventional

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
Catalyst

1.12

0.05

0.02

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0022

0.02

0.0091

0.03

Gasoline total

1.12

0.05

0.02

0.00

0.02

0.0530

0.0022

0.02

0.0091

0.03
Diesel

0.23

0.73

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.0170

0.0004

0.03

 

 
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

0.80

0.07

0.01

0.00

-

0.0530

 0.0015

0.01

 0.0091

0.02
Lorries 3,5-7,5 t.

0.55

0.45

0.49

0.03

0.004

0.0311

0.0324

0.46

 

  
7,5-16 t.

0.55

0.98

0.49

0.05

0.004

0.0311

0.0324

0.46

 

  
16-32 t.

0.62

1.54

0.32

0.04

0.004

0.0311

0.0428

0.27

    
> 32 t.

0.62

2.28

0.32

0.04

0.004

 0.0311

0.0428

0.27

    
Total

0.61

1.60

0.36

0.04

0.004

0.0311

0.0400

0.33

    
Buses

0.65

1.95

0.27

0.16

0.004

0.0300

0.0600

0.21

    
Lorries and buses Total

0.61

1.65

0.35

0.06

0.004

0.0310

0.0429

0.31

    

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

 

2020

Cold emission factors (g/km)

Beta factors

CO

NOx

VOC

Particulates

Benzene*

CH4

NMVOC

VOC-RL

VOC-total

Beta CO

Beta NOx

 Beta VOC
Passenger cars Conventional

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Catalyst

9.00

0.22

0.09

0.00

0.19

0.00

0.09

0.01

0.10

0.05

0.05

0.05

Gasoline total

9.00

0.22

0.09

0.00

0.19

0.00

0.09

0.01

0.10

0.05

0.05

0.05
Diesel

0.45

0.38

0.09

0.04

0.09

0.01

0.08

 

 

0.05

0.05

0.05

Light duty vehicles (LDV)

 Conventional

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
Catalyst

9.11

0.19

0.24

0.00

0.19

0.00

0.24

0.01

0.25

0.05

0.05

0.05
Gasoline total

9.11

0.19

0.24

0.00

0.19

0.00

0.24

0.01

0.25

0.05

0.05

0.05

Diesel

0.36

0.86

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.00

0.08

 

 

0.05

0.05

0.05
Passenger cars and LDV Gasoline

9.01

0.22

0.10

0.00

-

0.00

0.09

0.01

0.10

0.05

0.05

0.05

Lorries

 3,5-7,5 t.

0.55

0.45

0.49

0.03

0.004

0.03

0.46

 

        
7,5-16 t.

0.55

0.98

0.49

0.05

0.004

0.03

0.46

          
16-32 t.

0.62

1.54

0.32

0.04

0.004

0.04

0.27

 

        

> 32 t.

0.62

2.28

0.32

0.04

0.004

0.04

0.27

  

 

      
Total

0.61

1.60

0.36

0.04

0.004

0.04

0.33

          
Buses

0.65

1.95

0.27

0.16

0.004

0.06

0.21

          
Lorries and buses Total

0.61

1.65

0.35

0.06

0.004

0.04

0.31

          

* Benzene emission factors are not determined by the COPERT III emission model but by invert calculations by the OSPM model based on air quality measurements.

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