Compound	CAS no.	Pages
Triphenyl Phosphate	115-86-6	21-30
Tricresyl Phosphate	1330-78-5	31-38
Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate)	57583-54-7	39-44
Phosphonic acid (dimethyl ester)	20120-33-6	45-48
Aluminium Trihydroxide	21645-51-2	49-56
Magnesium Hydroxide	1309-42-8	57-62
Ammonium Polyphosphate	14728-39-9 and 68333-79-9	63-68
Red Phosphorus	7723-14-0	69-76
Zinc Borate	1332-07-6	77-82
Melamine	108-78-1	83-90
Antimontrioxide	1309-64-4	91-98
Quinidine carbonate Only summary page included	No CAS no.	99

Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP)   CAS number: 115-86-6   Data compilation, environmental and health screening

Summary   Health: The available data indicate that TPP has a relatively low impact on health. In rare cases it can induce skin sensitisation and contact dermatitis in humans. Although TPP is a neurotoxin in animals, recent investigations indicate that TPP is not neurotoxic in humans, but persons with preexisting neuromuscular disorders may be at increased risk. Environment: The literature reviewed indicates that TPP is very toxic to algae, fish and some crustaceans (typical L(E)C50<1 mg/l). The compound is toxic to D. magna. NOEC data available for fish are in the range 0.014 - 0.23 mg/l. Bioaccumulation of this compound is high (>100). The available biodegradation data indicates that this compound is readily to inherently biodegradable under aerobic conditions. No data is available for anaerobic degradation. Mobility of TPP and its primary degradation product in soil is very low.

Triphenyl Phosphate
Identification of the substance
CAS No.		115-86-6
EINECS No.		204-112-2
IUPAC Name		Triphenyl phosphate
Synonyms		Phenyl phosphate; TPP; Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester; triphenyl phosphoric acid ester; celluflex tpp
Molecular Formula		C18H15O4P
Structual Formula
Known Uses		Fire-retarding agent, plasticizer for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose
EU		Classification on annex 1 in Directive 67/548/EØF and its revisions: None.
Physico-chemical Characteristics
Physical Form		Colorless or white powder [2].
Molecular Weight (g/mol)		326.28
Melting Point/range (° C)		48 [1], 49-50 [2,3,4], 50 [5]
Boiling Point/range (° C)		370 [1], 220 [3] , 245 [3,4,5,6]
Decomposition Temperature (° C)		No relevant data found
Vapour Pressure (mm Hg(° C))		1 at 193.5 ° C [2,6,4]
Density		Specific gravity=1.268 g/cm3 at 60 ° C [5] Specific gravity=1.2055 g/cm3 at 50 and 4 ° C [2]
Vapour Density (air=1)		1.19 [2]
Solubility (water)		1.9 mg/l at 25 ° C [2,6,7]
Partition coefficient (log Pow)		2.62 [3] 4.59 [2,6,7]
pKa		Not applicable
Flammability		Nonflammable [2]
Explosivity		No relevant data found
Oxidising properties		No relevant data found
Toxicological Data
Observation in Humans		While a statistically significant reduction in red blood cell cholinesterase has been reported in some workers, there has been no evidence of neurological disease in workers in a TPP-manufacturing plant. There have been no reports of delayed neurotoxicity in cases of TPP poisoning. (10).
Acute Toxicity
Oral		Oral-rat LD50: 3,800 mg/kg [2,4]. Oral-rat LD50: 3,500-10,000 mg/kg bw. [3,6]. Oral-mouse LD50:1,320 mg/kg [2,4,6]. Oral-mouse LD50: 1,300 mg/kg bw. [3]. LD50 White leghorn chicken oral > 5.0 g/kg [2].
Dermal		Concerning dermal application one study indicates that the LD50 for rabbits is higher than 10.000 mg/kg and another that LD0 (no death) is higher than 7,900 mg/kg [2,3,6].
Inhalation		No relevant data found
Other Routes		¨ Several studies concerning subcutaneous acute toxicity have been conducted. Some of the first studies were performed with TPP prepared from coal-tar sources containing neurotoxic impurities. Based on recent experimental data, it is concluded that TPP is not neurotoxic when it is administered subcutaneously [3]. Subcutaneous-monkey LDLo: 500 mg/kg [2,4,6]. Subcutaneous-cat LDLo: 300 mg/kg Subcutaneous-rat LD0: 3,000 mg/kg bw. [3]. Subcutaneous-guinea pig LD0: 3,000 mg/kg bw. [3].
Skin Irritation		Based on 4 studies it is concluded that TPP is not irritating skin [3].
Eye Irritation		100 mg TPP administered directly in the eye of rabbits cause minimal reversible irritation [3].
Irritation of Respiratory Tract		No relevant data found
Skin Sensitisation		¨ Some people have been tested positive in TPP patch-tests [3] and one case of skin sensitisation has been recorded [2]. An allergic reaction in a 67-year old woman to spectacle frames containing triphenyl phosphate was reported. Patch tests with analytical grade triphenyl phosphate in that individual indicated a reaction at concentrations as low as 0.05%. [2].
Sensitisation by Inhalation		No relevant data found
Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity
Observation in Humans		¨ Numerous medical observations have been made on workmen employed for several (2-10) years in the factory where TPP was produced. No abnormal symptoms appear to have been observed, in particular no signs of neurotoxicity. Persons with preexisting neuromuscular disorders may be at increased risk. [2].
Oral		Oral-rat NOAL: 1,900 mg/kg repeated dose [3]. Oral administration for 3 months to rats in doses of 1,800 mg/kg and 380 mg/kg caused no deaths, and it was concluded from the normal growth and cholinesterase activity that these doses have no cumulative toxic effects. [2]. When administered as repeated excessive doses orally, TPP can cause neurotoxic effects such as decreased cholinesterase activity [3]. Concerning neurotoxicity 3 studies have been conducted on hens and chickens with an exposure time of 5-6 days. Only one of these studies indicated signs of decreased colinesterase activity. The two others did not indicate signs of neurotoxicity [2,3].
Inhalation		In workers engaged in the manufacture of aryl phosphates (including TPP and up to 20% triorthocresyl phosphate) and exposed to concentrations of aryl phosphates of 0.2 to 3.4 mg/m3. There was some inhibition of plasma cholinesterase, but no correlation between this effect and the degree of exposure or minor gastrointestinal or neuromuscular symptoms [2].
Dermal		Contact dermatitis due to TPP has been described [10].
Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
Mutagenicity		Triphenyl phosphate was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay using a protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. Triphenyl phosphate was tested at doses of 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 10,000 ug/plate in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat or hamster liver S9. Triphenyl phosphate was negative in these tests, and the highest ineffective dose level tested (not causing the formation of a precipitate) in any Salmonella tester strain was 1000 ug/plate. [2]. ¨ 4 AMES tests were negative [3] and WHO conclude that TPP is not mutagenic [10].
Gene Mutation		No relevant data found.
Chromosome Abnormalities		No relevant data found.
Other Genotoxic Effects		No relevant data found.
Cancer Review		No IARC evaluation.
Reproductive Toxicity, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity
Reproductive Toxicity		One study concludes that TPP is not a development toxicant in rats [3]. The NOAEL on mothers and offspring from a 90-day rat study was terminated at 690 mg/kg per day [10].
Teratogenicity		No relevant data found.
Other Toxicity Studies		No relevant data found.
Toxicokinetics		TPP is poorly absorbed through the intact skin but readily through guinea pig skin [2]. Application of TPP on skin of rats as well as application of TPP in ethanol solution on skin of mice caused no skin irritation which leads to the conclusion that since cholinesterase is not inhibited after application, there is no dermal absorption. [2].
Ecotoxicity Data
Algae		Ankistrodesmus falcatus: EC50 (4h)=0.26 mg/l [3] EC50 (28h)=0.260 mg/l (F) [11] Scenedesmus quadricauda EC50 (4 h)=0.5 mg/l [3] EC50 (28 h)=0.5 mg/l (F) [11] Selenastrum capricornutum: EC50 (96 h)=2.00 mg/l (F) [11]
Crustacean		Daphnia magna ¨ EC50 (48h)=1 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009). LC50 (48h)=1 mg/l [3]. ¨ EC50 (48h)=1.35 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009). EC50 (48h)=1 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009). EC50 (48h)=1 mg/l (F) [11]. LC50 (48h)=1 mg/l (F) [11]. Survival in a 28d test was not affected in concentrations up to (NOEC) 136 µg/l (EPA 660/3-75-009) [3]. Gammarus pseudolimnaeus: EC50 (96h)=0.25 mg/l [3] Mysidopsis bahia : ¨ 0.32>LC50 (96h)>0.18 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009).
Fish		Carassius auratus (fw): ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.7 mg/l [3] LC50 (1h)=5.0 mg/l (F) [11] LC50 (5h)=3.0 mg/l (F) [11] LC50 (8h)=1.0 mg/l (F) [11] Cyprinodon variegatus (fw): ¨ 0.32 mg/l<LC50 (96h)<0.56 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009) Lepomis macrochirus (fw): LC50 (96h)=0.78 mg/l [3] LC50 (96h)=0.290 mg/l [3] LC50 values for Lepomis macrochirus exposed to water with clay (either adsorption or desorption method) were about double those seen in TPP/water alone (1.56 mg/kg). In the adsorptive soil test, the LC50 was about 1.5 times higher than in the water alone (1.2 mg/l) and in the desorptive soil test the LC50 was 4 times that in water (3.1 mg/l). Sorption on clay or soil reduced intial bioavailability of TPP to aquatic bluegills [3]. LC50 (96h)=290 mg/l (F) [11] Menidia beryllina (sw): LC50 (96h)=95 mg/l [3]
		Oryzias latipes (fw): LC50 (96 h)=1.2 mg/l [3] LC50 (24h)=6.4 mg/l at 10 ° C (F) [11] LC50 (24h)=3.4 mg/l at 20 ° C (F) [11] LC50 (48h)=0.4 mg/l at 10 ° C (F) [11] LC50 (48h)=3.4 mg/l at 20 ° C (F) [11] Onchorhynchus mykiis (fw): ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.40 mg/l (F) [11] ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.30 mg/l (F) [11] ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.36 mg/l (F) [11] Pimephales promelas (fw) ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.66 mg/l (EPA 660/3-75-009) [3] NOEC (30 or 60d)=0.087 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009) ¨ NOEC (30 or 60 d)=0.23 mg/l (EPA 660/3-75-009) [3] LC50 (96h)=0.66 mg/l (F) [11] ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.87 mg/l (F) [11]
Fish		Salmo gairdneri (fw) ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.36 mg/l [3] ¨ LC50 (96h)=0.4 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009) ¨ NOEC (30 or 60d)= 0.014 mg/l [3] (EPA 660/3-75-009) Rainbow trout (fw): Fingerlings: LC50 (24h )=0.62 mg/l, EC50 (24h)=1.15 mg/l [3] LC50 (24h)>0.45 mg/l, EC50 (24h )=0.37 mg/l [3] LC50 (96h)=0.32 mg/l, EC50 (96h)=0.3 mg/l [3] LC50 (96h)>0.45 mg/l [3],EC50 (96h)=0.27 mg/l [3] Sac-fry: LC50 (24h) > 0.45 mg/l, EC50 (24h )= 0.295 mg/l [3] LC50 (24h)>0.56 mg/l, EC50 (24h)=0.31 mg/l [3] LC50 (96h)>0.45 mg/l, EC50 (96h)=0.24 mg/l [3] Adults: LC50 (96h) = 0.85 mg/l (OECD 203) [3]
Other aquatic organisms		Chironomus tentans LC50 (48h)=1.6 mg/l [3] Chironomus riparius ¨ EC50=0.36 mg/l [3] EC50 (48h)=0.36 mg/l [3]
Bacteria		Not available
Environmental Fate
BCF		Oryzias latipes (fw) BCF(18d, conc. 0.009-0.01 mg/l)=84 - 193 [3] BCF(38d, conc. 0.090 mg/l)=61-144 (T) [11] Phoxinus phoxinus (fw) Bioaccumulation (4 months, food conc.=100 ug/g)=0.06 [3] Pimephales promelas (fw) BCF(105d, mesocosmos, conc. 60 ug/l)=68-160 [3] BCF(1h-1d)=1,743 (F) [11] BCF(1h-1d)=561 (F) [11] BCF(1h-1d)=218 (F) [11] Salmo gairdneri (fw): ¨ BCF(90d)=271 [3] BCF(112d, conc.=60 ug/l)=43 [3] Oncorhynchus mykiis (fw): BCF(1h-1d)=1,368 (F) [11] BCF(1h-1d)=573 (F) [11] BCF(1h-1d)=931 (F) [11] BCF(6h)=2,590 (F) [11] BCF(6h)=18,900 (F) [11]
Aerobic biodegradation		¨ Triphenyl phosphate biodegrades under aerobic conditions (half-life of 4 days or less) in water. However, biodegradation in benthic sediments is unclear. If released to soil, biodegradation will be the predominant fate process and aqueous hydrolysis may be important in alkaline soils. Biodegradation is expected to be the dominant fate process of triphenyl phosphate in soil; screening tests exhibited aerobic half-lives of about 4 days or less in natural waters [2]. Half-life in killifish=5h [3]. Half-life in goldfish>100h [3] ¨ Percent degraded (20d)=93.8 % (OECD 303A) [3] Percent degraded (48 h)=40 %, sludge inoc. [3] Percent degraded (40 days)=53 %, unknown inoc. [3] ¨ Percent degraded (24 h)=96 %, sludge inoc. [3] Percent degraded (2-4 days)=50 %, unknown inoc. [3] ¨ Percent degraded (96h)=100 %, sludge inoc. [3] Percent degraded (49-84d)=93-96 %, adap. sludge inoc. [3] BOD7=61.9% BODth, adap. sludge inoc. [3] BOD28=81.8% BODth, adap. sludge inoc. [3]
Anaerobic biodegradation		No relevant data
Metabolic pathway		No relevant data
Mobility		¨ Koc=3,100 [3] Kd (silty clay)=21.52 [3] Kd (loamy sand)=77.72 [3] Kd (silty loam)=67.50 [3] ¨ Mobility of TPP and its primary degradation product in soil was very low. It was strongly absorbed to the soil [3]. Kp=112 ± 26.8 [3]
Conclusion
Health		The available data indicate that TPP has relatively low impact on health. TPP can induce skin sensitisation and contact demartitis in humans. Based on the available data TPP is not neurotoxic or mutagenic. Persons with preexisting neuromuscular disorders may be at increased risk.
Environment		The literature reviewed indicates that TPP is very toxic to algae, fish and some crustaceans (typical L(E)C50<1 mg/l). The compound is toxic to D. magna. NOEC data available for fish are in the range 0.014 - 0.23 mg/l. Bioaccumulation of this compound is high (BCF >100). The biodegradation data available indicates that this compound is readily to inherently biodegradable under aerobic conditions. No data is available for anaerobic degradation. Mobility of TPP and its primary degradation product in soil is very low.
References
1	Chemfinder: http://www.chemfinder.com/cgi-win/cfserver.exe/
2	Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB). HSDB ACCESSION NUMBER: 2648. UPDATE CODE: 199905. SRP REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/23/1997. Online search December 1999.
3	IUCLID CD rom, European Commission, C 1996.
4	SAX'S DANGEROUS PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS Eighth Edition on CD-rom. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
5	HAWLEY'S CONDENSED CHEMICAL DICTIONARY. Twelfth Edition. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. CD-rom. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
6	RTECS. Online search December 1999.
7	Toxline. Online search December 1999.
8	Environmental Fate Database - CHEMFATE (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA). Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm
9	Environmental Fate Database - BIODEG (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA) Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm
10	World Health Organization: IPCS Environmental Health Criteria 111 - Triphenyl Phosphate, Geneva, 1991.
11	ECOTOX AQUIRE. ECOTOX database system. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Online search December 1999.: http://www.epa.gov/ecotox/ecotox_home.htm

Tricresyl Phosphate   CAS number: 1330-78-5   Data compilation, environmental and health screening       Summary

Health: In the available data there are indications that the investigated tricresyl phosphate is toxic by absorption through the skin. This substances seams not to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Tricresyl phosphate might be connected with effects on the reproduction. This particular tricresyl phosphate has no classification. The main commercial product is a mixture of various isomers of tricresyl phosphates. Two other tricresyl phosphates (not 1330-78-5) are classified toxic or harmful. Environment: The available effect data originates from tests performed using either the pure compound or a formulation. The tests performed using the pure compound indicates that tricresyl phosphate are very toxic to fish and toxic to algae and crustaceans (L(E)C50 from <1 mg/l to 10 mg/l). Formulations are slightly less toxic, but typically in the 1-10 mg/l range. A study of long term acute and chronic effects in fish showed NOECs from 0.0001-0.00032 mg/l for a formulated product. Tricresyl phosphate bioaccumulates (BCF ranges from 165-281). Available screening studies suggest that aerobic biodegradation will occur at moderate to rapid rates with half-lives in the order of several days or less. The mobility in soil is presumably low.

Tricresyl Phosphate
Identification of the substance
CAS No.			1330-78-5
EINECS No.			215-548-8
EINECS Name			tris(methylphenyl) phosphate
Synonyms			Celluflex TPP; Disflamoll TP; Phosflex TPP; TPP; Trifenylfosfat (Czech); Triphenyl phosphate; Celluflex 179C; Cresyl phosphate; Disflamoll TKP; Durad; Flexol Plasticizer TCP; Fyrquel 150; IMOL S 140; Kronitex; Lindol; NCI-C61041; Phosflex 179A; Phosphate de tricresyle (French); Tricresilfosfati (Italian); Tricresylfosfaten (Dutch); Tricresyl phosphate; Trikresylfosfat (Czech); Trikresylphosphate (German); Tris(tolyloxy)phosphine oxide; Tritolylfosfat (Czech); Tritolyl phosphate [5]
Molecular Formula			C21H21O4P
Structual Formula
Known uses			This compound is used as a plasticizer in vinyl plastics manufacturing, a flame-retardant, a solvent for nitrocellulose and in cellulose molding compositions. It is also used as an additive to extreme-pressure lubricants, as a nonflammable fluid in hydraulic systems, as a lead scavenger in gasoline, to sterilize certain surgical instruments, in polystyrene, in waterproofing, in common organic solvents and thinners, in linseed oil, in china wood oil and in castor oil.
EU			¨ Classification on annex 1 in Directive 67/548/EØF and its revisions: None, but within the family of tricresyl phosphates, two CAS No. (78-30-8 and 78-32-0) are classified toxic (T, N with R 39/23/24/25-51/53) and harmful (Xn;R21/22 N;R51/53) respectively. ¨ Commercial tricresyl phosphates normally contain a mixture of isomers of tricresyl phosphate which can have influence on the final classification.
Physico-chemical Characteristics
Physical Form			Practically colourless and odourless liquid [4].
Molecular Weight			368.37
Melting Point/range (° C)			-33 [8]
Boiling Point/range (° C)			420 [4], 265 [8]
Decomposition Temperature (° C)			No relevant data found
Vapour Pressure (mm Hg(° C))			6´ 10-7 at 25 ° C, estimated [4] 0.1´ 10-3 at 20 ° C [8]
Density			Density=1.16 [3], Density=1.162 at 25 ° C [4] Specific gravity= 1.247g/cm3
Vapour Density (air=1)			12.7 [1]
Solubility (water)			0.36 mg/l [4,8]
Partition Coefficient (log Pow)			5.11 [4,8]
pKa			No relevant data found
Flammability			No relevant data found
Explosivity			May burn, but does not ignite readily
Oxidising properties			No relevant data found
Toxicological Data
Observation in humans			Toxic by ingestion in humans [4].
Acute Toxicity
Oral			Oral-rat LD50: 3,500 mg/kg [5]. Oral-rat LD50: 5,190 mg/kg [3]. Oral-muse LD50: 1,320 mg/kg [5]. Oral-mouse LD50: 3,900 mg/kg [3]. Oral-dog, adult LDLo: 500 mg/kg [3]. Oral-rabbit, adult LDLo: 100 mg/kg [3].
Dermal			¨ Toxic by skin absorption [4]. Skin-rabbit LD50: >7,900 mg/kg [5]. Skin-guinea pig LD50: >4 gm/kg [5]. Skin-cat, adult LD50: 1,500 mg/kg [3].
Inhalation			No relevant data found
Other Routes			No relevant data found
Skin Irritation			No relevant data found
Eye Irritation			No relevant data found
Irritation of Respiratory Tract			No relevant data found
Skin Sensitisation			No relevant data found
Sensitisation by Inhalation			No relevant data found
Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity
Observation in humans			No relevant data found
Oral			No relevant data found
Inhalation			No relevant data found
Dermal			Repeated dermal application of 128 mg/kg body weight of tricresyl phosphate every other day on up to 83 occasions on pig skin has been shown to produce total, irreversible paresis, but without development of the clinical signs associated with organophosphorus compound poisoning [4].
Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
Mutagenicity			¨ Tricresyl phosphate was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537, nor did it induce chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. These in vitro assays were all conducted with and without exogenous metabolic activation. [7].
Gene Mutation			No relevant data found
Chromosome Abnormalities			No relevant data found
Other Genotoxic Effects			No relevant data found
Cancer Review			¨ In 2-year feeding studies there were no evidence of carcinogenic effects of tricresyl phosphate in male or female F344/N rats treated at 75, 150, or 300 ppm. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of tricresyl phosphate in male or female B6C3F1 mice treated at 60, 125, or 250 ppm. [7].
Reproductive Toxicity, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity
Reproductive Toxicity			¨ The reproductive effects of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were investigated in Long Evans rats . Twelve male rats/dose group were given 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg TCP in corn oil (10 ml/kg body wt) by gavage once/day, 7 days/wk for 56 days prior to breeding and throughout the 10 day breeding period. Twenty four female rats/dose group received 0, 200, or 400 mg/kg TCP in corn oil (10 ml/kg body wt) for 14 days prior to breeding, and throughout breeding, gestation and lactation until the pups were weaned on day 21.
Reproductive Toxicity cont.			Control groups were given corn oil only. The results show that male rats treated with 200 mg/kg TCP had reduced sperm concentration, motility, and velocity (65, 4, and 5% of control, respectively). There was a dose-dependent increase in abnormal sperm morphology in both the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg treated males. TCP did not have an adverse effect on mean testicular wt, but epididymal weights were reduced in the 200 mg/kg dose group males. The % of sperm-positive females for TCP-exposed pairs was not different from that of controls. [4].
Teratogenicity			No relevant data found
Other Toxicity Studies			No relevant data found
Toxicokinetics			No relevant data found
Ecotoxicity Data
Algae			Anacystis aeruginosa EC50(96h)>1 mg/l (F) [10] Chlorella pyrenoidosa: EC50(96h)>1 mg/l (F) [10] Scenedesmus pannonicus: ¨ EC50(96h)=1.3 mg/l (F) [10] EC50(96h)=3.8 mg/l (F) [10] EC50(14d)=1.5 mg/l (F) [10] Selenastrum capricornutum: EC50(96h)>1 mg/l (F) [10] Stephanodiscus hantzschii: ¨ EC50(96h)=0.29 mg/l (F) [10] Euglena gracilis: LC50(96h)>1.0 mg/l (F) [10]
Crustacean			Daphnia magna: EC50(24h)=9.1 mg/l (F) [10] EC50(24h)>3.2 mg/l (F) [10] ¨ EC50(48h)=3.6 mg/l (F) [10] 0.10 <EC50(14d)<0.32 mg/l (F) [10] 0.32 <EC50(14d)< 1.00 mg/l (F) [10] 0.10 <EC50(21d)< 0.32 mg/l (F) [10] 0.32 <EC50(21d)< 1.00 mg/l (F) [10]
Fish			Brachydanio rerio (fw): LC50(96h)>1 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=5.9 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=0.4 mg/l (F) [10] Gasterosteus aculeatus (fw): LC50(24h)>0.87 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(35d)= 0.0017 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(48h)=0.83 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(72h)=0.58 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(72h)=0.44 mg/l (F) [10]
Fish cont.			Gasterosteus aculeatus (fw): NOEC(mortality,24h)=0.28 mg/l (F) [10] NOEC(mortality,48h)=0.28 mg/l (F) [10] NOEC(mortality,72h)=0.16 mg/l (F) [10] NOEC(mortality,96h)=0.16 mg/l (F) [10] NOEC(development,35d)=0.0032 mg/l (F) [10] NOEC(growth,35d)=0.00032 mg/l (F) [10] ¨ NOEC(mortality,35d)=0.0001 mg/l (F) [10] Ictalurus punctatus (fw): ¨ LC50(96h)= 0.803 mg/l [10] Jordanella floridae (fw): LC50(48h)=3.1 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(48h)=6.7 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=2.1 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=5.0 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(7d)=0.1 mg/l (F) [10] 0.010<LC50(35d)<0.032 mg/l (F) [10] Lepomis macrochirus (fw): LC50(96h)=7,000 mg/l (F) [10] ¨ LC50(96h)=0.150 mg/l [10] Menidia beryllina (fw): LC50(96h)=8,700 mg/l (F) [10] Oncorhynchus mykiss (fw): ¨ LC50(96h)=0.26 mg/l [10] Oryzias latipes(fw): LC50(24h)>1,000 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(24h)=5.8 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(48h)=53.0 mg/l (F) [10] 3.2<LC50(48h)<10.0 (F) [10] LC50(48h)>10,000 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(48h)>700 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=13.0 mg/l (F) [10] 3.2<LC50(96h)<10.0 mg/l LC50(7d)=0.080 mg/l (F) [10] Perca flavescens (fw): ¨ LC50(96h)=0.520 mg/l [10] Poecilia reticulata (fw): LC50(24h)=8.0 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(24h)=5.7 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(96h)=5.7 mg/l (F) [10] Poecilia reticulata (fw) cont.: LC50(7d)=3.7 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(7d)=3.5 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(14d)=2.8 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(14d)=2.5 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(28d)=2.6 mg/l (F) [10] LC50(28d)=2.2 mg/l (F) [10]
Other aquatic organisms			No relevant data found
Bacteria			No relevant data found
Environmental Fate
BCF			¨ BCF=165 (F) [10] ¨ BCF=281 [8]
Aerobic biodegradation			¨ Available screening studies suggest that aerobic biodegradation will occur at moderate to rapid rates with half-lives in the order of several days or less [4]
Anaerobic biodegradation			Biodegradation under anaerobic conditions is unclear [4]
Metabolic pathway			No relevant data found.
Mobility			¨ Koc=7,700-79,000, estimated [4] Koc=14,350, estimated [8] ¨ Kd=400 [4]
Conclusion
Health			The available data indicate that following repeated application tricresyl phosphate is toxic by absorption through the skin. Available data do not indicate mutagenic or carcinogenic effects of tricresyl phosphates. Tricresyl phosphate may cause effects on the reproduction. This particular tricresyl phosphate has no classification. The main commercial product is a mixture of various isomers of tricresyl phosphates. Two other tricresyl phosphates (not 1330-78-5) are classified toxic or harmful.
Environment			The available effect data originates from tests performed using either the pure compound or a formulation. The tests performed using the pure compound indicates that tricresyl phosphate are very toxic to fish and toxic to algae and crustaceans (L(E)C50 from <1 mg/l to 10 mg/l). Formulations are slightly less acutely toxic, but typically in the 1-10 mg/l range. A study of long term acute and chronic effects in fish showed NOECs from 0.0001-0.00032 mg/l for a formulated product. Tricresyl phosphate bioaccumulates (BCF ranges from 165-281). Available screening studies suggest that aerobic biodegradation will occur at moderate to rapid rates with half-lives in the order of several days or less. The mobility in soil is presumably low.
References
1		Chemfinder: http://www.chemfinder.com/cgi-win/cfserver.exe/
2		HAWLEY'S CONDENSED CHEMICAL DICTIONARY. Twelfth Edition. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. CD-rom. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
3		SAX'S DANGEROUS PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS Eighth Edition on CD-rom. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
4		Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB). HSDB ACCESSION NUMBER: 2648. UPDATE CODE: 199905. SRP REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/23/1997. Online search December 1999.
5		RTECS. Online search December 1999.
6		IUCLID CD rom, European Commission, C 1996.
7		Toxline. Online search December 1999.
8		Environmental Fate Database - CHEMFATE (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA). Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm
9		Environmental Fate Database - BIODEG (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA) Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm
10	ECOTOX AQUIRE. ECOTOX database system. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Online search December 1999.: http://www.epa.gov/ecotox/ecotox_home.htm

Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate)   CAS number: 57583-54-7   Data compilation, environmental and health screening

Summary   Health: The health screening of the substance show an inadequate data set. In the reviewed studies there were no adverse effects on reproductive performance or fertility parameters associated with administration of the substance in the diet. In these studies the substance did not result in any biologically significant toxic or teratogenic effect in the foetuses. Environment: No data available.

Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate)
Identification of the substance
CAS No.		57583-54-7
EINECS No.		260-830-6
EINECS Name		tetraphenyl m-phenylene bis(phosphate)
Synonyms		CRR-733S; Fyrolflex RDP; Mark PFK; Oligomeric phosphate ester; m-Phenylenebis(diphenyl phosphate); 1,3-Phenylene tetraphenyl phosphate; PMN 89-234; Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate); Tetraphenylresorcinol diphosphate.
Molecular Formula
Structual Formula		C30H24O8P2
Known Uses		The substance is used as a flame retardant and is a component of certain plastics.
EU		Classification on annex 1 in Directive 67/548/EØF and its updates: None
Physico-chemical Characteristics
Physical Form		No relevant data found
Molecular Weight		No relevant data found
Melting Point/range (° C)		No relevant data found
Boiling Point/range (° C)		No relevant data found
Decomposition Temperature (° C)		No relevant data found
Vapour Pressure (mm Hg(° C))		No relevant data found
Relative Density		No relevant data found
Vapour Density (air=1)		No relevant data found
Solubility (water)		No relevant data found
Partition Coefficient (log Pow)		No relevant data found
pKa		No relevant data found
Flammability		No relevant data found
Explosivity		No relevant data found
Oxidising properties		No relevant data found
Toxicological Data
Observation in humans		No relevant data found
Acute Toxicity
Oral		Oral-rat LD50 >5 mg/kg (5).
Dermal		Skin-rat LD50 >2 mg/kg (5).
Inhalation		Inhalation-rat LC50 >4,860 mg/m3 (5).
Other Routes		No relevant data found.
Skin Irritation		No relevant data found.
Eye Irritation		No relevant data found.
Irritation of Respiratory Tract		No relevant data found.
Skin Sensitisation		No relevant data found.
Sensitisation by Inhalation		No relevant data found.
Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity
Observation in humans		No relevant data found.
Oral		FyrolflexQ RDP administered for more than 13 weeks and up to the entire life span (F1) resulted in increased liver weights with associated periportal hypertrophy. This change was considered an adaptive process associated with RDP metabolism in the liver. (7).
Inhalation		No relevant data found.
Dermal		No relevant data found.
Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity
Mutagenicity		No relevant data found.
Gene Mutation		No relevant data found.
Chromosome Abnormalities		No relevant data found.
Other Genotoxic Effects		No relevant data found.
Cancer review		No relevant data found.
Reproductive Toxicity, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity
Reproductive Toxicity		FyrolflexQ RDP was evaluated in a two-generation reproductive study as part of a program to assess the overall toxicology of this flame retardant. RDP was administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in the diet at concentrations of 1000, 10,000 or 20,000 ppm. The control group was given diet alone. ¨ In conclusion, there were no adverse effects on reproductive performance or fertility parameters associated with RDP administration in the diet. (7).
Teratogenicity		Groups of 27 sperm-positive New Zealand White rabbits (HRP, PA) were administered graded concentrations of 50, 200 or 1000 mg/kg of RDP in corn oil. A vehicle control group of equal size was administered corn oil alone. Rabbits were dosed daily (1.5 mL/kg) on gestation days 6-28 and sacrificed on gestation day 29. The fetuses were removed by cesarian section and examined for gross external, visceral, cephalic and skeletal anomalies. No treatment-related clinical signs of toxicity were observed. No effects on maternal food consumption, body weight, body weight gain, or on uterus, liver, kidney and spleen weights were detected. Fetal viability and body weight, as well as developmental endpoints were unaffected by the treatment. ¨ Accordingly, exposure of pregnant rabbits to doses ranging from 50 to 1000 mg/kg of RDP during the periods of major organogenesis and histogenesis did not result in any biologically significant toxic or teratogenic effect in the dams or fetuses (7).
Other Toxicity Studies		No relevant data found.
Toxicokinetics		No relevant data found.
Ecotoxicity Data
Algae		No relevant data found
Crustacean		No relevant data found
Fish		No relevant data found
Bacteria		No relevant data found
Mobility		No relevant data found
Environmental Fate
BCF		No relevant data found
Aerobic biodegradation		No relevant data found
Anaerobic biodegradation		No relevant data found
Metabolic pathway		No relevant data found
Conclusion
Health		The available data are not sufficient to prepare a health screening of the substance. In the reviewed studies there were no adverse effects on reproductive performance or fertility parameters associated with administration of the substance in the diet. In these studies the substance did not result in any biologically significant toxic or teratogenic effect in the fetuses.
Environment		No data available.
References
1	Chemfinder: http://www.chemfinder.com/cgi-win/cfserver.exe/
2	HAWLEY'S CONDENSED CHEMICAL DICTIONARY. Twelfth Edition. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. CD-rom. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
3	SAX'S DANGEROUS PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS Eighth Edition on CD-rom. Revised by Richard J. Lewis, Sr. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1994.
4	Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB). HSDB ACCESSION NUMBER: 2648. UPDATE CODE: 199905. SRP REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/23/1997. Online search December 1999.
5	RTECS. Online search December 1999.
6	IUCLID CD rom, European Commission, C 1996.
7	Toxline. Online search December 1999.
8	Environmental Fate Database - CHEMFATE (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA). Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm
9	Environmental Fate Database - BIODEG (SRC/Procter and Gamble/EPA) Accessed through the web at: http://esc_plaza.syrres.com/efdb.htm

Phosphonic acid, (2-((hydroxymethyl)carbanyl)ethyl)- dimethylester   CAS number: 20120-33-6   Data compilation, environmental and health screening

Summary   Health: The available data are not sufficient to perform a health screening of the substance. One study reports an oral-LD50 which may indicate potential adverse acute effects at a dose of 13 mg/kg. Environment: The available data is not sufficient to make an environmental screening. Two data sets are available on the toxicity of a formulation to fish. The indication is that this compound is toxic to very toxic to fish.