| Process/source |
Emission
(tonnes Cu/year) |
Air |
Water |
Soil |
Deposits etc. |
Total |
| Industrial processes: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Iron and steel production |
0.07 |
|
|
4) |
0.07 |
| Casting |
0.6-3 |
|
|
4) |
0.6-3 |
| Sand blasting |
|
3-5 |
3-5 |
4) |
6-10 |
| Other processes |
<0.2 |
1) |
|
4) |
<0.2 |
| Energy production: |
1.1-2.2 |
|
0.1-0.4 |
41-118 |
42-121 |
| Uses of products: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pressure impregnation chemicals |
|
|
10-35 |
|
10-35 |
| Pesticides |
|
|
8-11 |
|
8-11 |
| Fertilizers and feeding stuff |
|
|
425-540 |
|
425-540 |
| Antifouling paints |
|
18-28 |
|
|
18-28 |
| Other uses |
|
5-20 1) |
16-47 |
|
21-67 |
| Waste disposal: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Scrap handling |
|
1) |
<1 |
8-12 5) |
8-12 |
| Solid waste incineration and deposit 4) |
0.5-1.0 |
|
1-1.5 |
3,600-7,100 |
3,600-7,100 |
| Chemical wastes |
<0.1 |
0.03-0.05 |
|
133 |
133 |
| Discharge of waste water and storm water |
|
17-25 2) |
2-3 |
|
19-28 |
| Sewage sludge |
<0.2 |
|
32 |
15 |
47 |
| Total 3) |
2-7 |
40-80 |
500-700 |
3,800-7,400 |
4,300-8,200 |
| Notes: |
|
| 1) |
Discharge of copper with waste water to the
municipal sewage system is included in 'Discharge of waste water and storm water'. |
| 2) |
Discharge to recipient. |
| 3) |
Totals are rounded. |
| 4) |
Exclusive of industrial wastes which are quoted
under 'Solid waste incineration and deposit'. |
|