| Process/source |
Emissions
(tonnes Ni/year) to: |
Total |
Air |
Water |
Soil |
Deposits 1) |
| Industrial processes: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Iron and steel production |
0.5 |
|
|
3) |
0.5 |
| Other processes |
<0.43 |
0.5-1 2) |
|
3) |
0.5-1.43 |
| Energy production: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Coal |
0.2-1 |
|
|
40-95 |
40-96 |
| Oil, wood and straw |
21-50 |
|
0.1-0.3 |
3) |
21-50 |
| Application of products: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wear of roads (asphalt) |
|
2) |
2-7 |
|
2-7 |
| Fertilizers, feeding stuff, and agricultural lime |
|
|
38-111 |
|
38-111 |
| Loss of coins |
|
|
1-10 |
|
1-10 |
| Other applications |
|
2) |
|
|
|
| Waste disposal: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Solid waste incineration and deposit |
1.5-2.5 |
|
0.8-5.8 |
525-1,170 |
527-1,178 |
| Chemical wastes |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
44 |
44 |
| Discharge of wastewater and stormwater |
|
13-14 |
1.3 |
|
14-15 |
| Sewage sludge |
<0.02 |
|
2.6 |
2.6 |
5.2 |
| Total 4) |
23-54 |
14-15 |
46-140 |
610-1,300 |
690-1,500 |
| Notes: |
|
| 1) |
Includes residues used for construction works. |
| 2) |
Discharge of nickel with wastewater to the
municipal sewage system is included in 'Discharge of wastewater and stormwater'. |
| 3) |
Deposit of nickel from these activities is
included in 'Solid waste incineration and deposit'. |
| 4) |
Totals are rounded. |
|