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Paradigm for Substance Flow Analyses

 

 
Table 2.2 Emission of lead to the environment and solid waste disposal; 1994.
 
Process / source

Emission (tonnes Pb/year) to:

Air

Water

Soil

Deposits

Total
Industrial processes:          
Lead casting

0.1-6.8

-

-

3)

0.1-6.8
Iron- and steel production

2-2.5

-

-

3)

2.0-2.5
Other processes

0.3-2.3

-

-

3)

0.3-2.3
Energy production:

2.2-5.4

-

0.2-0.4

25-80

27-86
Use of products:          
Building materials

-

1)

3-12

-

3-12
Ammunition

-

?

195-270

-

195-270
Petrol additives

2-10

-

-

-

2-10
Fishing equipment

-

105-275

-

-

105-275
Other uses

-

1-5

20-60

-

21-65
Waste disposal:          
Left cable sheets

-

50-300

400-2,000

-

450-2,300
Solid waste incineration and deposit

3.4-5.4

-

0.4-0.5

1,700-3,400

1,704-3,406
Chemical waste

0.4-0.6

0.01

-

99-101

99-102
Waste water and sewage sludge

0.1-0.2

5.4-7.9

9.1

13

28-30
Scrap

-

1)

7-26

3)

7-26
Total 2)

11-33

160-590

630-2,400

1,800-3,600

2,600-6,600
Notes:
1) Discharge of lead with waste water to the municipal sewage system is included in 'Waste water and sewage sludge'.
2) Totals are rounded.
3) Deposit of lead from these activities is included in 'Solid waste incineration and deposit'.