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Paradigm for Substance Flow Analyses

 

 

Table 6.1  Consumption of brominated flame retardants with end products in Denmark 1997
Product group

Total consumption of BFRs

Consumption of specific compounds (tonnes)

Tonnes

%

PBDE

TBBPA

PBB

HBCD

Other BFRs

Printed circuit boards

100-180

29

0.3-5.2

100-180

   

0-2

Epoxy laminates

92-150

   

92-150

     
Paper/phenolic laminates

3-4.8

 

0.3-1

2.3-3.8

     
Electronic component encapsulates

6-22

 

<2.2

7.4-22

     
Other plastic parts

<4

 

<2

<2

   

<2

Housing of EE appliances and machines

80-130

21

3-10

56-89

   

25-49

PC monitors

48-73

   

34-52

   

14-21

Notebook computers

3-4

   

2-3

   

1-1.4

Other office machines

20-31

   

17-25

   

3.7-5.5

TV-sets

3-4

 

1-3

1-2

   

2-4

Other consumer electronics

2-6

 

0.5-2

0.5-2

   

2-6

Medical and industrial electronics

2-14

 

1-4

1-4

   

2-10

Small household appliances

0.5-2

 

0.5-1

0.5-1

   

0.5-1

Other parts of EE appliances and machines

20-50

7

5-14

3-8

0-2

 

16-43

Switches, relay parts etc.

10-25

 

2-6

2-6

   

8-20

Moulding fillers

2-5

 

2-5

     

2-5

Other plastic parts

6-20

 

1-3

1-2

0-2

 

6-18

Lighting

4-14

2

1-7

4-11

   

1-9

Sockets in lamps and fluorescent tubes

4-7

 

1-3

4-7

   

1-3

Plastic cover parts

<3

 

<2

<2

   

<2

Switches, electronic parts etc.

<4

 

<2

<2

   

<4

Wiring and power distribution

30-80

11

7-29

4-15

1-5

2-4

20-49

Rubber cables

2-10

 

1-5

 

1-5

   
Other cables

<5

 

0-5

     

0-5

Wiring of houses

11-26

 

2-7

2-7

 

2-4

7-14

Contactors, relays, switches etc. for automation and power distribution

15-35

 

4-12

2-8

   

13-30

Textiles, carpets and furniture

2-11

1.3

0-5

   

2-9

0-5

Protective clothing

<0.1

 

<0.1

   

<0.1

<0.1

Curtains, carpets and tents

<1

 

<1

   

<0.5

<0.5

Furniture, Foam and stuffing

2.2-9.7

 

<4

   

2.2-8.7

<4

Building materials

50-100

15

1-5

0-2

 

13-36

41-66

Expanded polystyrene, EPS

0.5-2.7

       

0.5-2.7

 
Extruded polystyrene foam, XPS

11-29

       

11-29

 
Polyurethane foam

40-60

         

40-60

Other uses

1-7

 

1-5

0-2

 

1-4

1-6

Paint and fillers

0.6-1.7

0.2

0.1-0.5

     

0.5-1.2

Paint

0.1-0.3

 

0.1-0.3

       
Fillers and wood proofing

0.5-1.4

 

0-0.2

     

0.5-1.2

Transportation

30-90

12

13-46

14-52

 

9.4-30

19-71

Cars, lorries and busses

24-72

 

13-41

12-37

 

9.4-29

18-52

Trains

0.3-4

 

0.04-1.7

0.3-4

   

0.3-4

Other means of transport

1-15

 

0-3

1-11

 

0-1.5

1.5-15

Other uses

<3

0.3

0-2

0-2

 

0-1

0-2

Total (round)

320-660

99

30-120

180-360

1-7

26-80

120-300

Notes:
1) Include derivatives of TBBPA.
2) Some of the flame retardants are used reactively and the chemical substance per se is only present in the end product in trace amount. For some applications the flame retardants are indicated as either/or (for instance either TBBPA or PBDE) and the sum total of BFRs is lower than the sum of the single groups.