Mass Flow Analysis of Chromium and Chromium Compounds

Table 2
Disposal and dispersal of chromium to the environment in Denmark, 1999

     

Process/source

Air

Water

Soil

Landfill

Total

Industrial processes
– Processing, use and disposal
of iron and steel
– Reuse of iron and steel
– Processing, use and disposal
of aluminium
– Processing, use and disposal
of copper
– Conversion of energy (coal
and oil)
– Other industrial processes
– Surface treatment
– Impregnation
– Tanning
– Transport

  
   
?
0.1–0.2
  
0–0.1
    
~0
  
3.5




0.2

   
   
?
0.017–0.034
   
0.2–2
   
    –
  

0.2
0.089
?
0.27

  
   
15.5–31

  
0.1–1
    
0.1–0.2
  





  
  

2.3
 
3–37
    
1–2
  
?




   
   
15.5–31
2.4–2.5
  
3.3–40
   
1.1–2.2
  
3.5
0.2

?
0.27
0.2

Use of products
– Impregnated wood
– Chromium-plated products
– Paint
– Laboratory chemicals




0.3–0.6

0.03–13
<<1

0.3–0.6
??




0.6–1.2
??
0.03–13
<<1

Waste treatment
– Waste incineration
– Biological waste treatment
– Deposit of solid waste
– Kommunekemi
– Municipal wastewater
– Residual sludge

0.3–1.5


?





1.2


0.086



2.1

36–96

??
104–107

1.4

36–98
0.086
??
104–107
1.2
3.5

In total

4.1–5.5

2.3–17

16–33

148–244

170–302