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Danish - Ukranian Environmental Co-operation 1993-2002 Chapter 6
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Assistance to Ukraine on Modernisation of the Kyiv Solid Waste Sector |
Inventory and Risk Management of Contaminated Sites in Ukraine |
Identification Study: Modernisation of Solid Waste Management in the City of Kyiv, Ukraine – forming a Planning nit for Solid Waste Management |
Elimination of Risks related to Stockpiles Obsolete Pesticides in Ukraine |
Assistance to Ukraine on Modernisation of The Kyiv Solid Waste Sector
Ukraine has during the recent years enacted a set of environmental laws and action plans within the area of solid waste management (and including hazardous waste). The senior political level in Kyiv mirrors this commitment and it is expressed in a wish to modernise the sector in a manner that complies with the environmental standards. It is also expressed in the will to invest in measures that raise the degree of waste recycling to cope with the existing immense environmental problems.
What do we want to do:
The project’s development objective is to develop a system for managing wastes in the City of Kyiv, which meets the stipulated performance standards and requirements in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner, and which in particular minimises the overall adverse impact of the environment.
The project’s immediate goals are structured in the following three project components:
- Prepare a waste management plan for the City of Kyiv and a management planning capacity within the City Adm.;
- Reduce the immediate environmental risks related to leachate generation and to improve the deposit capacity at the existing landfill; and
- Identify, test and demonstrate suitable systems for sorting and recycling waste in the City of Kyiv.
How do we do it:
Although the three project components are independent components, they are closely inter-linked. Project components 2 and 3 will provide crucial input in the preparation of the Waste Management Plan. The studies of possibilities to increase the deposit capacity and hence the life span of the landfill will indicate when a new landfill must be developed. The outcome of the recycling demonstration component will yield information on the future prospects of recycling, which in turn will impact future waste amounts to be collected and disposed off.
- In the general approach to the study, following main factors were considered incl. the Client's defined level of ambition;
- focusing on an integrated holistic implementation of the study rather than 3 separate components;
- focusing on stakeholder ownership of the entire process and study outputs;
- harness the benefits from extensive use of consultative workshops and seminars as a means of presenting and discussing concepts and ideas and ensure participation in the planning processes;
- focusing on the consultant's role as "process consultant" rather than only "technical assistance consultant";
- facilitating the envisaged donor co-ordination and consultations during the study implementation; and
- transfer of knowledge and technology to the Kyiv City State Administration staff.
What is the result:
The main outputs of the project will comprise:
 | Draft waste management plan for the City of Kyiv; |
| Capacity building (management and planning capacity) of the Kyiv City State Administration staff; |
| Landfill development plan; |
| Leachate treatment investment strategy; and |
| Demonstration projects and feasibility study are appropriate methods and techniques for waste sorting and recycling. |
Budget:
DANCEE budget: EUR 1,360,000 (DKK 10,200,000)
Contribution by Kyiv City Council: EUR 280,000 (DKK 2,100,000)
Other sources: EUR 293,334 (DKK 2,200,000).
Partners:
Recipient: Kyiv City State Administration Consultant: COWI in association with Dan-waste Consult Local Ukrainian consultants.
Project period:
2001 – 2003
In order to be able to prevent / predict environmental disasters that create risks for human health and result in deterioration of the quality of natural resources, an early warning system is considered a necessity. A first step towards creating such a system in Ukraine might be the identification and comprehensive inventory of the contaminated sites within the country. Setting up monitoring systems and introducing strict environmental legislation etc. are further steps towards risk management related to contaminated sites.
What do we want to do:
The long range development objectives of this project is to:
| Prevent human health risks and outbreaks of environmental disasters related to contaminated sites in Ukraine; and |
| Establish a reference frame for national measures for prevention of occurrence of environmental disasters related to contaminated sites in Ukraine. |
The immediate goals to be reached by the project are:
| Institutional system for management of contaminated sites in Ukraine established and strengthened; |
| All contaminated sites are mapped and investigation and remediation techniques are demonstrated in the pilot area(s); |
| A national action plan for the management of risks related to contaminated sites is established and national funds for its operation are available; and |
| Increasing public awareness about environmental risks. |
How do we do it:
| Establishment of a database of the main sources of toxic waste. Location of waste sites and other objects of potential risks for human health and for occurrence of environmental disasters; |
| Establishment of a ranking model and identification of sites where remediation measures are urgently needed; |
| Dissemination of and approximation to the best EU ecological regulations and practices on prevention measures of environmental disasters in Ukraine; and |
| Strengthening of international partnership links. |
What is the result:
The outcome of the project formulation part is a Final Draft Project Document agreed upon by the Ukrainian Authorities and DANCEE. DAN-CEE will nominate a person to carry the appraisal of the project and the outcome of the appraisal will be an Appraisal Note and the Final Project Document.
The tendering of the project among Danish Consulting Companies will result in the award of the contract to the company who overall has presented the economically most advantageous proposal.
Budget:
The total budget for the project preparation is EUR 121,333 (DKK 910,000). The determination of the budget for the total project will be a part of the work to be undertaken during the project formulation.
Partners:
The project preparation is carried out by Water & Power Planners A/S (WPP) as the lead firm in association with Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) and the Danish Institute for Environmental Investigations (DMU).
Project period:
2001 – 2002
Increasing amounts of solid waste combined with limited waste deposit capacity, low degree of recycling and lack of waste management ends up posing a harmful impact on the environment. To combat this growing waste problem, the City of Kyiv intends to develop a solid waste management system, which will include sorting, recycling, analysis and co-operation between stakeholders, administration and politicians.
The City of Kyiv is facing immediate shortcomings with respect to solid waste deposit capacity, low degree of recycling, and harmful environmental impact from poor waste treatment as well as lack of a strategic management. There is an urgent need for investments in the basic infrastructure and for the creation of a sound business environment for the waste companies.
The Ukrainian solid waste law provides for an adequate legal framework for regulating the sector through permits and inspections, and allows an establishment of a coordinated sector planning. The key political, administrative and operational stakeholders do all support the development of a solid waste management planning system based on the principles of the EU solid waste directive.
As a continuation of the involvement in the modernisation of the utility services in the city of Kyiv, DANCEE has been requested to assess the framework conditions and if possible, to define a dedicated support to the improvement of the solid waste management sector in Kyiv.
What do we want to do:
The aim of the study was, first of all, to undertake an audit of the present waste management system by applying a holistic approach. Secondly, to undertake a dialogue with the leading decisions-makers from the City and the waste companies in order to define a suitable scope for DANCEE support to the strategic development of the solid waste management sector.
How do we do it:
The work programme entailed an audit phase, a dialogue phase with stakeholders and a phase of drafting the project document.
The audit phase comprised the following stages:
| analysis of the physical waste stream and current waste management services; |
| analysis of current techniques for waste sorting and recycling; |
| analysis of management, physical state and environmental impact of the landfills; |
| analysis of the operations, physical state and environmental impact of the incineration plant; |
| review of legislation of solid waste management and local government; |
| assessment of current activities undertaken by regulatory and planning institutions; and |
| estimations on financial and economic capacity at the levels of waste producer, waste company and city level. |
A project team composed of professionals from the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the Kyiv City State Administration and Danish professionals, undertook the assessments. The assessments were carried out in a partnership with the management of the enterprises in question. This approach made it possible to draft audit reports that reflected the views and priorities of the recipients.
The dialogue phase was centred on two major events. This was first of all an open stake-holder seminar in Kyiv with more than 30 participants from all parts of the waste management sector. Secondly, a study tour to Danish waste management facilities in Denmark engaged senior levels from enterprises, the City Council and the City Administration. It was combined with a final debate on the proposed content of the DANCEE support. The third phase of formulating the project included a final seminar in Kyiv at which local comments and commitments were given.
What is the result:
The identification study has produced the following outputs:
| a mission report on the waste management system with focus on recycling and land filling facilities; |
| a pre-feasibility report on remediation of leachate problems at two controlled landfill; |
| a technical and environmental audit of the incineration plant ‘Energia’; |
| a report on the institutional and legal framework; |
| a report on the Kyiv workshop on waste management opportunities; |
| a compendium on Ukrainian legislation on waste management (including hazardous waste) and local self government; |
| a report from the study tour to Copenhagen; and |
| a project document. |
The project undertook a tender for DANCEE in order to identify a Danish consultant to implementing a project comprising the establishment and co-management of a Planning and Implementation Unit for Solid Waste as well as an investment project on the city's solid waste incinerator aiming at increasing its capacity and environmental performance.
Budget:
The DANCEE contribution was EUR 200,000 (DKK 1.5 million). Ukraine contributed by providing substantial technical inputs and by co-financing the Danish study tour.
Partners:
The study was undertaken by The Nordic Consulting Group, Denmark in association with two consulting firms, Ramboll, and COWI, and a public waste management utility, Copenhagen City Administration.
The study team also included professionals from the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Ukraine and the Kyiv City State Administration. Vice-Mayor Ivan Fomenko led the study.
Project period:
2000 – 2001
Elimination of Risks Related to Stockpiled Obsolete Pesticides in UkraineMost probably 20-25.000 tons of the obsolete pesticides in Ukraine can no longer be used as intended. If no action is taken, most of the pesticides will end up as damaging waste in the environment. There is therefore a need to find facilities for storage and ways of final disposal of the pesticides.
Obsolete pesticides can no longer be used for their original purpose or any other purpose, nor can they be easily modified to become unstable, and therefore require disposal. This is a serious problem in Ukraine because inventories estimate that there are about 20-35,000 tons of these un-usable and dangerous substances around in the country. If no action is taken, many of the stockpiled obsolete pesticides sooner or later may all end up in the environment. The environmental impact of concentrated pesticides leaked from deteriorated or corroded containers – drums, boxes, bags, etc. will be significant. This is far worse that the impact of the commonly intended use of those products.
What do we want to do:
The project is split into two phases:
| Phase I: | Preparing a detailed design for the establishment of interim storage and upgrading of existing facilities for final disposal of pesticides. The detailed design is to be approved as part of the "Elimination Plan"; and |
| Phase II: | To demonstrate establishment and operation of handling and transportation procedures and interim storage and disposal facilities within the framework of an upgrading of existing facilities. |
How do we do it:
In phase I, a National Plan for elimination of risks related to stockpiled obsolete pesticides in Ukraine was prepared.
The National Plan included:
| On-the-job training and training of trainers Surveys and risk assessment training Workshop and work groups on obsolete pesticides; |
| Purchase of equipment; |
| Site surveys and risk assessment training; |
| Courses in English and project implementation; |
| Visit to Foreign Pesticide Management Organizations; |
| Collection and review of existing documentation; |
| Co-operation with related projects; |
| Preparation of a catalogue of disposal options; |
| Assessment of institutional, legislative and financial framework; |
| Site visits; |
| Inspection and evaluation of transportation facilities; |
| Inventory; |
| Arrangement and conduction of workshops; |
| Feasibility of different scenarios; |
| Description of low "First Aid" activities; |
| Selection of specific location for demonstration projects; |
| Selection of high priority investment; |
| Obtained needed approval for proposed activities; and |
| Visits of Ukrainians to disposal facilities outside Ukraine. |
In the Phase II of the National plan the following projects are planed:
| Perfection of daily logistics; |
| Development of business plan; |
| Development of language skills; |
| Update country wide survey guidelines; |
| Develop instructions for clean-up; |
| Implement GIS-information management; |
| Training and education; |
| Erection of Lozovaya Interim Storage, Kharkiv Oblast; |
| Cement Kiln Incineration; |
| Project preparation and fundraising training course; |
| Enhanced Public participation and NGO’s n environment; |
| Two days session for 2 environmental persons from each of the 26 oblasts; |
| Spreading of collection methodology to all 26 oblasts; and |
| Support to initiate public consultation, cooperation with NGO, mass media, etc. |
What is the result:
The intention is that by the end of National Plan implementation period, all obsolete pesticides are safely stored in long-term storages.
Budget:
The project is 100% funded by DANCEE with a budget of EUR 409,096 (DKK 3,068,227) in Phase I and EUR 1,152,190 (DKK 8,641,429) in Phase II. Substantial Ukrainian co-financing was allocated for Phase II.
Partners:
The project is carried out by COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners.
The beneficiary is the Ukrainian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources.
The Ukrainian implementing agencies are the Interdepartmental Ecological Center (IEC), Kharkov, and the National Center for Hazardous Waste Management, Kyiv.
Additionally, a number of Ukrainian Central and local administrations are being involved in the project implementation. The Danish partners were The Danish Technological Institute, Chemcontrol and DANCEM.
Project period:
1997 – 2004