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Deca-BDE and Alternatives in Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Contents

Preface

Executive Summary

Abbreviations and acronyms

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Methodology
• 1.2 Definitions
• 1.3 Fire regulations and material classifications
• 1.4 Flammability of plastics

2 Applications of Deca-BDE

3 Substitutes to Deca-BDE by application

• 3.1 Overview of substitution approaches
• 3.2 Substitutes for Deca-BDE in housings/enclosures
  • 3.2.1 Enclosures of HIPS
  • 3.2.2 Enclosures of ABS
  • 3.2.3 Enclosures of copolymers
  • 3.2.4 Summary of substitutes for enclosures and price comparison
• 3.3 Connectors, circuit breakers, etc.
  • 3.3.1 Parts made of thermoplastic polyesters
  • 3.3.2 Parts made of polyamide
• 3.4 Substitutes to Deca-BDE in cables, sheets and films made of PP and PE

4 Examples of companies that have phased out Deca-BDE

• 4.1 Manufacturers of EEE
• 4.2 Major plastic suppliers

5 Substitutes for Deca-BDE by substance

• 5.1 Ethane-1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl)
• 5.2 Ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide)
• 5.3 Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane
• 5.4 Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene
• 5.5 Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)
• 5.6 Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2,3-dibromopropyl ether)
• 5.7 Brominated polystyrene
• 5.8 Poly(dibromostyrene)
• 5.9 Brominated epoxy polymer
• 5.10 Poly pentabromobenzyl acrylate
• 5.11 Phenoxy-terminated carbonate oligomer of Tetrabromobisphenol A
• 5.12 Tris(tribromophenoxy) triazine
• 5.13 Dodecachloro dodecahydro dimethano dibenzocyclooctene
• 5.14 Resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP)
• 5.15 Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BAPP)
• 5.16 Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP)
• 5.17 Cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP)
• 5.18 Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)
• 5.19 Triaryl phosphates butylated
• 5.20 Magnesium hydroxide
• 5.21 Red phosphorous
• 5.22 Ammonium polyphosphate
• 5.23 Melamine polyphosphate
• 5.24 Melamine Cyanurate
• 5.25 Organic phosphinates
• 5.26 Reogard 1000

6 Overall product chain and industry structure

• 6.1 Manufacturers of flame retardants
• 6.2 Manufacturers of plastic raw materials
• 6.3 Manufacturers of plastic parts
• 6.4 Manufacturing of EE components
• 6.5 Original equipment manufacturers

7 Companies and organisations contacted

References

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Version 1.0 February 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency