21 List of Figures and Tables

Environmental Screening and Evaluation of Energy-using Products (EuP) Final Report

21.1 List of Figures
21.2 List of Tables

21.1 List of Figures

Figure 3.1 Environmental impact from electricity production (European average, Swiss average, hydropower, nuclear power and coal.)........................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 4.1 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a boiler (Heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (European electricity))................................................................................................. 33

Figure 4.2 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a boiler (Heat, Light fuel oil, burned in boiler 10kW, non-modulating (Swiss electricity))..................................................................................... 33

Figure 4.3 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a boiler (Heat, Natural gas, burned in boiler condensing modulating <100kW (European electricity))......................................... 34

Figure 4.4 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a boiler (Heat, Natural gas, burned in industrial furnace >100kW (European electricity)).......................................................................... 34

Figure 5.1 Estimated installed base of personal computers in 2020 (Source: [IVF2007]) 39

Figure 5.2 Environmental impacts from the use of a desktop computer with a CRT monitor (in active mode), including keyboard and mouse............... 41

Figure 5.3 Environmental impacts from the use of a desktop computer a LCD monitor (in active mode), including keyboard and mouse............................. 41

Figure 5.4 Environmental impacts from the use of a laptop computer (in active mode). 41

Figure 5.5 Environmental impacts from the use of a desktop computer with a CRT monitor including keyboard and mouse. Contributions from the electricity consumption during use have been omitted........................................ 42

Figure 5.6 Environmental impacts from the use of a desktop computer with a LCD monitor including keyboard and mouse. Contributions from the electricity consumption during use have been omitted........................................ 42

Figure 5.7 Environmental impacts from production of a desktop computer..... 43

Figure 5.8 Environmental impacts from production of a CRT monitor............. 44

Figure 5.9 Environmental impacts from production of a LCD flat screen......... 45

Figure 5.10 Environmental impacts from production of a keyboard................... 46

Figure 5.11 Environmental impacts from production of a mouse.......................... 47

Figure 5.12 ICT usage in households and by individuals, April 2007[OECD2007]. 51

Figure 5.13 OECD Broadband Portal [www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband].... 51

Figure 6.1 Environmental impacts from the use of a laser jet printer (black and white print) including toner and electricity.............................................. 59

Figure 6.2 Environmental impacts from the use of a laser jet printer (colour print) including toner and electricity.................................................................. 59

Figure 6.3 Environmental impacts from the production of a laser jet printer (black and white printer).......................................................................................... 60

Figure 6.4 Environmental impacts from the production of black toner.............. 61

Figure 7.1 Environmental impacts from the production of a LCD flat screen........................................................................................................................................ 66

Figure 7.2 Environmental impacts from the production of the LCD module.............................................................................................................................................. 67

Figure 7.3 Environmental impacts from the assembly of the LCC module....... 68

Figure 7.4 Number of TV's sold per type. (Source: The GfK market research group (www.gfk.de))................................................................................................ 69

Figure 9.1 Environmental impacts from assembly of a power supply unit....... 76

Figure 9.2 Environmental impacts from assembly of the Printed wiring board, power supply unit desktop PC, Pb containing, at plant............................... 77

Figure 9.3 No-load power new criteria for external power supplies and results achieved by participating companies (Source: [Har2006])..................... 79

Figure 9.4 New efficiency criteria for external power supplies and results achieved by participating companies (Source: [Har2006])................................................................................................................................... 79

Figure 11.1 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings (central, 1 x 720 m³/h, PE ducts, with GHE)............................................................... 91

Figure 11.2 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings (central, 1 x 720 m³/h, steel ducts, with GHE)............................................................ 92

Figure 11.3 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings, decentralized, 6 x 120 m³/h, PE ducts, with GHE............................................................................................................................................................. 93

Figure 11.4 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings, decentralized, 6 x 120 m³/h, PE ducts, without GHE.................................................................................................................................................. 94

Figure 11.5 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings, decentralized, 6 x 120 m³/h, steel ducts, with GHE.................................................................................................................................................. 95

Figure 11.6 Environmental impacts from the ventilation of dwellings, decentralized, 6 x 120 m³/h, steel ducts, without GHE.................................................................................................................................................. 96

Figure 11.7 Environmental impacts from the Ventilation system, central, 1 x 720 m³/h, PE ducts, with GHE................................................................................... 97

Figure 11.8 Environmental impacts from the Ventilation system, central, 1 x 720 m³/h, steel ducts, with GHE................................................................................ 98

Figure 11.9 Environmental impacts from the Ventilation equipment, central, 600-1200 m³/h, at plant......................................................................................... 99

Figure 11.10 Environmental impacts from the Ventilation equipment, central, 600-1200 m³/h, at plant...................................................................................... 100

Figure 11.11 Environmental impacts from the Ecoinvent process “Heat, at air-water heat pump 10kW“............................................................................. 101

Figure 11.12 Evolution of the EER (minimum, maximum and model weighted average) for split, non ducted, air-cooled Air conditioners up to 12 kW (Source: Eurovent [EU2006a], [Bec2006]).......................................... 103

Figure 13.1 Evolution of the EEI (new model sale weighted average) for cold appliances (Source:[Ber2007]).......................................................................... 110

Figure 13.2 Sales of cold appliances: Comparison for the 5 large countries of sales in 2002 and2005 by energy class (Source: GfK, [GfK 2004], [Sor2005], from [Ber2007]) 111

Figure 14.1 EU-15 Dishwasher energy efficiency index progress, in kWh/cycle (Source: CECED) 114

Figure 14.2 Sales of dishwashers: comparison between 2002 and 2005 for the 5 major EU-15 countries, by energy class (Source: GfK [GfK2004), from [Ber2007])............................................................................................. 114

Figure 14.3 Sales of washing machines: comparison for 2004-2005 sales, by energy class (Source: GfK, [Sor2005], from [Ber2007])................................ 115

Figure 15.1 Environmental impacts from production and use of a stove (including the combustion of anthracite) (Heat, anthracite, at stove 5-15kW)....................................................................................................................................... 118

Figure 15.2 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of hard coal briquettes) (Heat, hard coal briquette, at stove 5-15kW). 118

Figure 15.3 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of hard coal coke) (Heat, hard coal coke, at stove 5-15kW).......................................................................................................... 119

Figure 15.4 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of lignite briquettes) (Heat, lignite briquette, at stove 5-15kW)................................................................................................. 119

Figure 15.5 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of hardwood logs) (Heat, hardwood logs, at wood heater 6kW).................................................................................................... 120

Figure 15.6 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of softwood logs) (Heat, softwood logs, at wood heater 6kW).............................................................................................................. 120

Figure 15.7 Environmental impacts from the production and use of a stove (including the combustion of the wood pellets) (Heat, wood pellets, at furnace 15kW)...................................................................................................... 121

Figure 16.1 West European Market saturation of tumble dryers 2005 (Source: [Bus2007])............................................................................................................... 124

Figure 18.1 Power consumption for individual set-top boxes 2005. Source: [HAR2006]................................................................................................................ 132

Figure 18.2 Power consumption for simple set-top boxes 2001-2005. Source: [HAR2006]................................................................................................................ 132

Figure 19.1 Home networks and residential gateways analysis. Source: [PARK 2005]............................................................................................................................ 139

21.2 List of Tables

Table 2.1 Overview of technology trends and important environmental issues. 15

Table 3.1 Groups included. 25

Table 3.2 Impact categories included. 26

Table 3.3 Data sources. 27

Table 3.4 Electricity production mix for Europe (RER) and Switzerland (CH). (Source: Frischknecht et al. [Fri2007]) 28

Table 9.1 Mobile subscriptions, 2004-2008, in thousands (Source: EITO Task Force, [Lam2006]) 78

Table 10.1 National lighting consumption and CFL penetration data (Source: [Ber2006]) 85