Table/Figure – Pesticides Research No. 127 2009 – Buffer zones for biodiversity of plants and arthropods: is there a compromise on width?

Buffer zones for biodiversity of plants and arthropods: is there a compromise on width?

Table 3.7. Schematic summary of the statistical effects on Lepidoptera and Bombus activity after model reduction. In time period 1(May to early June) there was not sufficient data for analysis and this period is therefore excluded from the table.

Test results F_(ndf,ddf)^P¹

Order/family

Genus

Per.²

Field³

Distance⁴

Buffer⁵

Dist.× Buf.⁶

Sun⁷

Temp.⁸

Sun × Sun⁹

Temp.× Temp.¹⁰

Day¹¹

Time(day)¹²

Time × Time(day)¹²

Lepidoptera

All

3.13_{(3, 13)}^NS

6.98_{(3, 14)}^**

6.40_{(4, 21)}^**

4.31_{(12, 28)}^***

0.00_{(1, 168)}^NS

4.47_{(1, 202)}^*

3.47_{(1, 190)}^NS

34.33_(5,191)^***

5.11_{(3, 50)}^**

59.42_{(3, 73)}^***

17.58_{(4, 21)}^***

5.36_{(12, 53)}^***

0.61_{(1, 276)}^NS

0.67_{(1, 276)}^NS

1.82_(3,268)^NS

4.29_{(4, 266)}^**

3.47_{(4, 266)}^**

Pieris

9.34_{(3, 15)}^*

63.49_{(3, 9)}^***

18.88_{(4, 20)}^***

5.96_{(12, 46)}^***

8.76_{(1, 254)}^NS

14.54_{(3, 260)}^***

8.76_{(4, 258)}^**

Apidae

Bombus

2.58_{(3, 6)}^NS

32.12_{(1, 3)}^*

0.56_{(4, 12)}^NS

2.83_{(4, 11)}^NS

3.07_{(3, 117)}^*

6.37_{(4, 117)}^***

¹ ^NSnot significant, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. F is the F-value, ndf and ddf is the numerator and denominator degree of freedom used for testing the significance.

² Three sampling periods (Per.): 1. After herbicide application (May), 2. After first insecticide application (June), 3. After second insecticide application (July).

³ Effect of field (Four fields were included in the experiment).

⁴Effect of distance from field edge (activity of flying species was recorded at the distances 2 m (including the bordering hedgerow area), 5 m, 9 m and 18 m

from the field edge using transect walks along the hedgerows. Bombus could only be analysed using distance 2 and 5 m.

⁵Effect of buffer width (0, 4, 6, 12 and 24 m).

⁶Effect of the combination of distance and buffer width (in total there were 4 × 5 = 20 combinations).

⁷Effect of sun exposure rated as: 0 (100% exposure), 1 (75%), 2(50%), 3 (25%) and 4 (0 exposure).

⁸Mean temperature (°C) within time interval of transect walks.

⁹Second-order term to test for non-linear effect.

¹⁰Effect of sampling day (day was numbered relative to 1 July).

¹¹ Test for effect of sampling time within sampling days. (time was measured as hours after 12:00 (time before noon were negative).¹²Test for non-linear effect of sampling time within sampling days.