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Buffer zones for biodiversity of plants and arthropods: is there a compromise on width?
Appendix B: Supplementary material on plants
Table B.1. Mean number of plants in 40 x 50 cm plots in fields with buffer zone 0, 4, 6, 12 and 24 m, summed for the four fields at the second sampling run, for each distance to the hedge (n = 10). Importance as nectar (N) and pollen source (P) and extra floral secretion (S) are indicated (Dansk Biavler forening 1994 and pers. obs.)
| Species |
Nectar -
Pollen
Source
Index |
Buffer 0 |
Buffer 4 |
Buffer 6 |
Buffer 12 |
Buffer 24 |
| Distance (m) |
Distance (m) |
Distance (m) |
Distance (m) |
Distance (m) |
| 2 |
5 |
9 |
18 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
18 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
18 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
18 |
2 |
5 |
9 |
18 |
| Aethusa cynapium |
|
137 |
147 |
92 |
163 |
276 |
98 |
53 |
67 |
19.6 |
10.7 |
5 |
8 |
21.8 |
176 |
95 |
146 |
40.8 |
28.2 |
26.4 |
13.1 |
| Anagallis arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
| Anchusa arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Artemisia vulgaris |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Atriplex patula |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Brassica napus |
NNN PPP |
10 |
70 |
43 |
23 |
18 |
54 |
36 |
12 |
4 |
8.8 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
111 |
90 |
30 |
2.6 |
5.3 |
4.1 |
2.5 |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris |
|
14 |
8 |
12 |
30 |
110 |
9 |
5 |
15 |
27.1 |
3.7 |
1.6 |
9.5 |
21.5 |
51 |
37 |
14 |
17 |
11.8 |
10.3 |
4.3 |
| Carduus crispus |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.5 |
1 |
0 |
0.7 |
2 |
17 |
7 |
0 |
0.7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Cerastium sp. |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Chenopodium album |
|
10 |
11 |
8 |
30 |
61 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
16.2 |
11.8 |
1 |
5 |
12.1 |
64 |
41 |
11 |
12.3 |
5.9 |
6.5 |
3.6 |
| Cirsium arvense |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Convolvulus arvensis |
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Daucus carota |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Dissectum sp. |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.4 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
| Elytrigia repens |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Euphorbia exigua |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Euphorbia helioscopia |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
| Fallopia convulvulus |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
| Galeopsis sp. |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Geranium dissectum |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Geranium molle |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
1.9 |
| Lamium amplexicaule |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2.2 |
0.1 |
0 |
1.2 |
2.5 |
7 |
6 |
0 |
2.5 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
| Lamium purpureum |
|
6 |
2 |
1 |
11 |
52 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.6 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
| Lapsana communis |
|
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.2 |
| Lolium perenne |
|
9 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Matricaria recutita |
|
3 |
32 |
7 |
2 |
26 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
7.4 |
4.5 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
10.4 |
97 |
6 |
2 |
8.1 |
7.2 |
1.5 |
3.3 |
| Myosotis arvensis |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
11 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
3 |
6 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
| Papaver rhoeas |
PPP |
2 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0 |
6 |
9 |
10 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
2 |
2.2 |
| Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Persicaria maculosa |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Poa annua |
|
87 |
22 |
14 |
21 |
134 |
78 |
13 |
11 |
8.4 |
9.5 |
2.2 |
5.4 |
10.7 |
130 |
51 |
21 |
8.5 |
7.4 |
2.3 |
2 |
| Polygonum aviculare |
|
0 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
9 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2.4 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
3.2 |
23 |
7 |
0 |
6 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
| Senecio vulgaris |
|
3 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Silene noctiflora |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
| Sinapis arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Stellaria media |
|
6 |
7 |
6 |
13 |
16 |
8 |
10 |
19 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
3.8 |
22 |
68 |
9 |
5 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
2 |
| Tanacetum vulgare |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Taraxacum sp. |
NNN PPP |
5 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
| Trifolium sp. |
NN PPP |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
| Tripleurospermum maritimum |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tripleurospermum perforatum |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
| Urtica urens |
|
1 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Veronica agrestis |
|
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0 |
0.1 |
1.2 |
2 |
6 |
0 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.6 |
| Veronica arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.3 |
| Veronica persica |
|
1 |
3 |
0 |
5 |
27 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
1 |
0.3 |
| Viola arvensis |
|
1 |
25 |
31 |
24 |
56 |
3 |
18 |
13 |
15.5 |
19.6 |
2.8 |
4.6 |
11.8 |
307 |
283 |
17 |
15.5 |
18 |
26.7 |
19.7 |
| Viola tricolor |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.1 |
Table B.2. Mean percentage cover of plants in the bottom of the hedge treated as buffer zone 0, 4, 6, 12 and 24, averaged for the four fields at the second run through (n = 10). Importance as nectar (N) and pollen source (P) and extra floral secretion (S) is indicated (Dansk Biavler forening 1994 and pers. obs.).
| Species |
Nectar -
Pollen
Source
Index |
Buffer 0 |
Buffer 4 |
Buffer 6 |
Buffer 12 |
Buffer 24 |
| Acer pseudoplatanus |
NNN PP |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Achillea millefolium |
|
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Aethusa cynapium |
|
0.1 |
0.3 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Allium oleraceum |
|
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Anisantha sterilis |
|
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
4.6 |
1.6 |
| Anthriscus sylvestris |
|
2.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
2.8 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana |
|
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Arctium tomentosum |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
| Arrhenatherum elatius |
|
11.9 |
9.3 |
18.6 |
12 |
9.8 |
| Artemisia vulgaris |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
1.9 |
0 |
| Calamagrostis epigejos |
|
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris |
|
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
| Carduus crispus |
|
1 |
4.3 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
| Chaerophyllum temulum |
|
5.4 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
2 |
| Chenopodium album |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
| Cirsium arvense |
|
0.4 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
| Cirsium vulgare |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Convolvulus arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
| Crataegus sp. |
NN PP |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
| Dactylis glomerata |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Elytrigia repens |
|
3.6 |
3.6 |
8.9 |
5.4 |
9.8 |
| Equisetum arvense |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
| Erodium cicutarium |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Fallopia convulvulus |
|
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Festuca pratensis |
|
0.8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Festuca rubra |
|
1.6 |
3.3 |
4 |
2.9 |
0.5 |
| Galium aparine |
|
5.1 |
6.3 |
3.5 |
5.5 |
7.4 |
| Geranium dissectum |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
| Geranium molle |
|
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
| Geum rivale |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Geum urbanum |
|
2.1 |
0 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
| Glechoma hederacea |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0.4 |
0 |
0.5 |
| Heracleum aphondylium |
|
0.3 |
0.1 |
1 |
1.4 |
0.5 |
| Holcus lanatus |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Lamium album |
|
3.5 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
4.5 |
2.8 |
| Lamium purpureum |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
| Lapsana communis |
|
1 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0 |
0.3 |
| Lolium perenne |
|
1.4 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
0 |
| Matricaria recutita |
|
0 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0 |
| Mercurialis perennis |
|
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Myosotis arvensis |
|
0 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Myosotis discolor |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Plantago major |
|
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
| Poa annua |
|
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
| Poa nemoralis |
|
0.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Poa pratensis |
|
3.6 |
5 |
0.4 |
6 |
5.3 |
| Poa trivialis |
|
4.9 |
2.6 |
5.6 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
| Polygonum aviculare |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
Prunus cerasifera. P. spinosa.
P. cerasifera x spinosa |
|
1.6 |
4 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
0.8 |
| Ranunculus repens |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
| Rubus sect. Rubus |
NNN PPP |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rumex crispus |
|
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Senecio vulgaris |
|
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
| Sonchus oleraceus |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Stellaria media |
|
0.1 |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tanacetum vulgare |
|
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0 |
| Taraxacum sp. |
NNN PPP |
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tripleurospermum perforatum |
|
0.1 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Triticum sp. |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
| Urtica dioica |
|
19.8 |
27.1 |
28 |
28.9 |
18.5 |
| Veronica arvensis |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
| Viola arvensis |
|
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
| Bare soil |
|
26.375 |
29.25 |
23.25 |
19.625 |
27.875 |
Table B.3. The woody hedge species and the dimensions characterizing each field (MM, EH, SM and AM) measured in meter (m). Importance as nectar (N) and pollen source (P) and extra floral secretion (S) is indicated (Dansk Biavler forening; 1994 and pers. obs.)
| |
MM |
EH |
SM |
AM |
| Woody hedge plants |
Nectar or pollen source |
m |
m |
m |
m |
| Acer campestre |
NN PP |
0 |
0 |
36 |
0 |
| Acer pseudoplatanus |
NNN PP |
1 |
1 |
110 |
6 |
| Aesculus hippocastanum |
NNN PPP |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
| Cornus alba |
|
2 |
53 |
0 |
49 |
| Corylus avellana |
PPP |
351 |
275 |
186 |
0 |
| Crataegus sp. |
NN PP |
91 |
169 |
28 |
99 |
| Euonymus europaeus |
|
5 |
16 |
22 |
0 |
| Fraxinus exelsior |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
| Lonicera xylosteum |
|
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Malus sp. |
NNN PPP |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
| Pinus nigra |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
23 |
| Populus balsamifera |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
223 |
| Prunus sp. |
|
63 |
110 |
272 |
211 |
| Quercus robur |
|
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
| Ribes spicatum |
NN PP |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
| Rosa canina |
N PPP |
123 |
80 |
38 |
0 |
| Rosa multiflora |
N PPP |
0 |
0 |
0 |
400 |
| Rubus sect. Rubus |
NNN PPP |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
| Salix ×meyeriana |
NNN PPP |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Salix caprea x cinerea |
NNN PPP |
0 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
| Salix sp. |
NNN PPP |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Sambucus nigra |
|
85 |
38 |
28 |
2 |
| Ulmus glabra |
|
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
| Viburnum opulus |
|
0 |
28 |
3 |
0 |
| Dimensions of hedge |
|
|
|
|
| Hole (no woody hedge) (m) |
18 |
0 |
29 |
0 |
| Total length (m) |
284 |
220 |
254 |
220 |
| Bank of earth height (m) |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Hedge level 1 height (m) |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
| Hedge level 2 height (m) |
. |
. |
. |
5 |
| Hedge level 3 height (m) |
. |
. |
. |
16 |
| Hedge width (m) |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
| Front page | | Contents | | Back | | Printing instructions |
Version 1.0 November 2009, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
|