Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas from Separated slurry

9 References

Amon B, V Kryvoruchko, T Amon and S Zechmeister-Boltenstern (2006): Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during storage and after application of dairy cattle slurry and influence of slurry treatment. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 112, 153-162.

Andersen J (2009): Personal communication with Jesper Andersen, Xergi, August 2009.

Barvenik F W (1994): Polyacrylamide characteristics related to soil applications. Soil Science, 158 (4), 235-243.

Bernal M P and H Kirchmann (1992): Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and ammonia volatilization from fresh, aerobically and anaerobically treated pig manure during incubation with soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 13, 135-141.

Basset-Mens C (2005): Propositions pour une adaptation de l’analyse de cycle de vie aux systèmes de production agricole. Mise en œuvre pour l’évaluation environnementale de la production porcine. Rennes, France : Agrocampus Rennes. PhD Thesis.

Blanes-Vidal V; M N Hansen; A P S Adamsen; A Feilberg; S O Petersen and B B Jensen (2009): Characterization of odor released during handling of swine slurry: Part I. Relationship between odorants and perceived odor concentrations. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 2997-3005.

Börjesson P and M Berglund (2006): Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems – Part I : Fuel-cycle emissions. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30, 469-485.

Börjesson P and M Berglund (2007): Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems – Part II: The environmental impact of replacing various reference systems. Biomass and Bioenergy, 31, 326-344.

Brauer P D (2006): A method of treating manure slurry, a fibrous product produced from manure slurry, uses of such a fibrous product. Patent EP1688475. [Online] http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1688475.html Accessed 07.08.2009.

Buchhave K (2009): Personal communication with Karsten Buchhave, Bigadan, August 2009.

Campos E, M Almirall, J Minez-Almela, J Palatsi and X Flotats (2008): Feasibility study of the anaerobic digestion of dewatered pig slurry by means of polyacrylamide. Bioresource Technology, 99, 387-395.

Caulfield M J, G G Qiao and D H Solomon (2002): Some aspects of the properties and degradation of polyacrylamides. Chemical Reviews, 102, 3067-3083.

Cederberg C and A Flysjö (2004): Environmental Assessment of Future Pig Farming Systems – Quantifications of Three Scenarios form the FOOD 21 Synthesis Work. SIK-rapport Nr. 723 2004. The Swedish Institute for food and Biotechnology. ISBN 91-7290-236-1.

Crutzen P J, A R Mosier, K A Smith and W Winiwarter (2008): N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 389-395.

Dalgaard R L (2007): The environmental impact of pork production from a life cycle perspective. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aarhus Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Aalborg University, Department of Development and Planning.

Dalgaard R, N Halberg, I S Kristensen and I Larsen (2006): Modelling representative and coherent Danish farm types based on farm accountancy data for use in environmental assessments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 117, 223-237.

Dämmgen U and N J Hutchings (2008): Emissions of gaseous nitrogen species from manure management: A new approach. Environmental Pollution, 154, 488-497.

Dinuccio E, W Berg and P Balsari (2008): Gaseous emissions from the storage of untreated slurries and the fractions obtained after mechanical separation. Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2448–2459.

Dones R, C Bauer and A Röder (2007): Teil VI. Kohle. Data v2.0. Ecoinvent report no 6-VI. Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, Switerzarland.

DJF (2008a): Normtal 2008. Gældende pr. 1.august.2008. [Online] http://www.agrsci.dk/var/agrsci/storage/original/application/
13edd10b464e09c220a7c705d1c40bce
Accessed 10.10.2009: Danmarks Jordbrugs Forskning.

DJF (2008b): Baggrundstal 2008. [Online] http://www.agrsci.dk/var/agrsci/storage/original/application/
6558f792e39ad67a8c21e2d453934be2
Accessed 10.10.2009: Danmarks Jordbrugs Forskning.

DMU (2009): Emission factors for stationary combustion greenhouse gasses and main pollutants for the year 2007. [Online] http://www.dmu.dk/NR/rdonlyres/18A52201-26F3-4D5C-B8DC-B6F67628DBF0/0/Emf_internet_januar2009_GHG_final_web.htm Accessed 10.10.2009

Ecoinvent Centre (2009): Database. [Online] http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/ Accessed 15.12.2009

Entry J A, R E Sojka, M Watwood and C Ross (2002): Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants. Environmental Pollution, 120, 191-200.

Ekvall T and B P Weidema (2004): System boundaries and input data in consequential life cycle inventory analysis. International Journal of LCA 9 (3), 161-171.

El-Mamouni R, J-C Frigon, J Hawari, D Marroni and S R Guiot (2002): Combining photolysis and bioprocesses for mineralization of high molecular weight polyacrylamides. Biodegradation, 13, 221-227.

Faist-Emmenegger M, T Heck, N Jungbluth and M Tuchschmid (2007): Teil V Erdgas. Data v2.0. Ecoinvent report no. 6-v. Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Swiss Centre for life cycle inventories, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Frandsen T Q (2009): Separering af svinegylle med GEA Westfalia UCD 305. Bygninger, no. 41. [Online] http://www.lr.dk/bygningerogmaskiner/informationsserier/farmtest/
ft_byg_41_westfalia.pdf
Accessed 29.09.2009.

Fødevareministeriet (2008): Fuelling future energy needs – The agricultural contribution. The interaction between food, animal feed and bioenergy. [Online] www.fvm.dk/Admin/Public/DWSDownload.aspx?File=%2FFiles%2FFiler%2FEnglish%2FAgriculture%2F29727_Rapport_rent_UK_v2_web.pdf Accessed 29.10.2009

GEA (2009): Gaspotentiale tests med og uden polymer. Decanter UCD 305 ”krokodille”. Excel sheet. Unpublished data.

GE Energy (2008):  Jenbacher Type 3. Technical description of Jenbacher Gas Engines. [Online] http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/index.htm Accessed 06.08.2009.

González-Fernández C, P P Nieto-Diez, C León-Cofreces and P A García-Encina (2008): Solids and nutrients removals from the liquid fraction of swine slurry through screening and flocculation treatment and influence of these processes on anaerobic biodegradability. Bioresource Technology, 99, 6233-6239.

Goodrich M, L H Dulak, M A Friedman, J J Lech (1991): Acute and long-term toxicity of water-soluble cationic polymers to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and the modification of toxicity by humic acid. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 10, pp. 509-515, 1991. Pergamonn Press.

Gyldenkærne S, B M Petersen and J.E. Olesen (2007): Konsekvenser og muligheder ved Danmarks deltagelse i Kyotoprotokollens artikel 3.4 på landbrugsområdet. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen Nr 5, 2007. [Online] http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2007/978-87-7052-380-6/pdf/978-87-7052-381-3.pdf Accessed 06.08.2009

Gødskningsbekendtgørelsen (2008): Plantedirektoratets bekendtgørelse nr. 786 af 22. juli 2008 om jordbrugets anvendelse af gødning og om plantedække i planperioden 2008/2009. [Online] https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=116486&exp=1 Accessed 06.08.2009

Gødskningsloven (2006): Fødevareministeriets lovbekendtgørelse nr. 757 af 29. juni 2006 om jordbrugets anvendelse af gødning og om plantedække. [Online] https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=8459 Accessed 06.08.2009

Frischknecht R, N Jungbluth, H-J Althaus, G Doka, T Heck, S Hellweg, R Hisc, T Nemecek, G rebitzer, M Spielmann and G Wernet (2007): Overview and methodology. Ecoinvent report no.1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf.

Hansen M N (2009): Personal communication with Martin Nørregarrd Hansen, January and October 2009.

Hansen M N, K Henriksen and SG Sommer (2006): Observations of production and emission of greenhouse gases and ammonia during storage of solids separated from pig slurry: Effects of covering. Atmospheric Environment, 40, 4172–4181.

Hansen M N, S Sommer, N J Hutchings and P Sørensen (2008): Emissionsfaktorer til beregning af ammoniak-fordampning ved lagring og udbringning af husdyrgødning. Det Jordbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Aarhus Universitet. DJF Husdyrbrug nr. 84. December 2008.

Hauschild M and J Potting (2005): Spatial differentiation in Life Cycle impact assessment – The EDIP 2003 methodology. Environmental News no 80. Danish Ministry of the Environment. Environmental Protection Agency. [Online] http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2005/87-7614-579-4/pdf/87-7614-580-8.pdf Accessed 15.11.2009.

Hjorth M, M L Christensen and P V Christensen (2008): Flocculation, coagulation, and precipitation of manure affecting three separation techniques. Bioresource Technology, 99, 8598-8604.

Humbert S, M Margni and O Jolliet (2005): Impact 2002+: User Guide. Draft for version 2.1. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Industrial Ecology & Life Cycle System Group, GECOA, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

ICON (2001): Pollutants in urban waste water and sewage sludge. Final report. For Directorate-General Environment. Luxembourg : European Communities. [Online] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/sludge/pdf/sludge_pollutants.pdf Accessed 18.10.2009.

IPCC (1997): Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Reference manual. Volume 3. [Online] http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/guidelin/ch4ref1.pdf Accessed 10.10.2009.

IPCC (2001): Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contributions from working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Houghton J.T, Y Ding, D J Griggs, M Noguer, P J van der Linden, X Dai, K Maskell and C A Johnson (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 881 p. [Online] http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.htm Accessed 20.11.2009.

IPCC (2006): 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. [Online] http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html Accessed 10.10.2009.

ISO 14040 (2006b). Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework. International Standard. Second edition 2006-07-01

ISO 14044 (2006a). Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. International Standard. First ed. 2006-07-01.

Jensen A P (2009): Personal communication with Anders Peter Jensen, Xergi, June 2009.

Jensen T K (2009b): Opgradering af biogas til naturgaskvalitet. Gasteknik, 4, 12-13.

Jolliet O, M Margni, R Charles, S Humbert, J Payet, G Rebitzer and R Rosenbaum (2003): IMPACT 2002+: A New Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methodology. International Journal of LCA, 8 (6), 324-330.

Janzen H H, R L Desjardins, J M R Asselin and B Grace (1998): The health of our air: Towards a sustainable agriculture in Canada. Ottawa, Canada: Agriculture and Agri-food Canada.

Jørgensen K and L S Jensen (2009): Chemical and biochemical variation in animal manure solids separated using different commercial separation technologies. Bioresource Technology 100, 3088-3096.

Jungbluth N, F Dinkel, C Stettler, G Doka, M Chudacoff, A Dauriat, E Gnansounou, M Spielmann, J Sutter, N Kljun, M Keller and K Schleiss (2007): Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Data v. 2.0 (2007). Ecoinvent Report no. 17. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories. A joint Initiative of the ETH domain and Swiss Federal Offices.

Kay-Shoemake J L, M E Watwood, R T Lentz and R E Sojka (1998): Polyacrylamide as an organic nitrogen source for soil microorganisms with potential effects on inorganic soil nitrogen in agricultural soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 30 (8/9), 1045-1052.

Kemira (year unknown,a): Kemira 808 C. Gylleseparation – kvæg. [Online] http://www.kemira.dk/gylleseparation/pdffiles/27859_kemira_808C.pdf Accessed 11.10.2009.

Kemira (year unknown,b): Kemira 812 P. Chemical-mechanical manure separation solution. [Online] http://www.kemira.dk/gylleseparation/pdffiles/kemira812penglish_v3.pdf Accessed 11.09.2009.

Kjelddal M (2009): Personal communication with Mogens Kjelddal, Landsforeningen Danske Maskinstationer, March 2009.

Kløverpris J (2008): Consequential Life Cycle Inventory Modelling of Land Use induced by Crop Consumption. Industrial PhD Thesis. April 2008. Department of Management Engineering. Sustainability Development. Technical University of Denmark.

Laursen H (2009): Personal communication with Henrik Laursen, Xergi, September 2009.

Loria E R, J E Sawyer, D W Barker, J P Lundvall and J C Lorimor (2007): Use of anaerobically digested swine manure as a nitrogen source in corn production. Agronomy Journal, 99, 1119-1129.

Lund H (2009): Personal communication with Henrik Lund, Aalborg University, June 2009.

Marcato C-E, E Pinelli, P Pouech, P Winterton and M Guiresse (2008): Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry. Bioresource Technology, 99, 2340-2348.

Marcato C-E, R Mohtar, J-C Revel, P Pouech, M Hafidi and M Guiresse (2009): Impact of anaerobic digestion on organic matter quality in pig slurry. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 63, 260-266.

Martinez J, F Guiziou, P Peu and V Gueutier (2003): Influence of treatment techniques for pig slurry on methane emissions during subsequent storage. Biosystems Engineering, 85(3), 347-354.

Martinez-Almela J and J M Barrera (2005): SELCO-Ecopurin® pig slurry treatment system. Bioresource Technology, 96, 223-228.

Massé D I, F Croteau and L Masse (2007): The fate of crop nutrients during digestion of swine manure in psychrophilic anaerobia sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology, 98, 2918-2823.

Mathiesen B V, M Münster and T Fruergaard (2009): Uncertainties related to the identification of the marginal energy technology in consequential life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 1331-1338.

Mikkelsen M H, S Gyldenkærne, H D Poulsen, J E Olesen and S G Sommer (2006): Emission of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from Danish agriculture 1985-2002. Methodology and estimates. National environmental Research Institute, Denmark, 90 pp – Research notes from NERI no. 231. [Online] http://www2.dmu.dk/Pub/AR231.pdf Accessed 11.10.2009.

Miljøministeriet (2006): Bekendtgørelse om husdyrbrug og dyrehold for mere end 3 dyreenheder, husdyrgødning, ensilage m.v. (BEK nr. 1695 af 19/12/2006).

Möller K and W Stinner (2009): Effects of different manuring systems with and without biogas digestion on soil mineral nitrogen content and on gaseous nitrogen losses (ammonia, nitrous oxides). European Journal of Agronomy, 30, 1-16.

Møller H B, S G Sommer and B K Ahring (2004): Biological degradation and greenhouse gas emissions during pre-storage of liquid animal manure. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 27-36.

Møller H B (2007): Biogas demonstration activity: Influence on biogas yield by pressure cooking the solid manure fraction from slurry separation. Unpublished.

Møller H B, A M Nielsen, R Nakakubo and H J Olensen (2007a): Process performance of biogas digesters incorporating pre-separated manure. Livestock Science, 112, 217-223.

Møller H, H S Jensen, L Tobiasen and M N Hansen (2007b): Heavy metals and phosphorus content of fractions from manure treatment and incineration. Environmental Technology, 28 (12), 1403-1418.

Møller H B, J D Hansen and C A G Sørensen (2007c): Nutrient recovery by solid-liquid separation and methane productivity of solids. Transactions of the ASABE, 50(1), 193-200.

Nemecek T and T Kägi (2007): Life Cycle Inventory of Agricultural Production Systems. Data v 2.0 (2007). Ecoinvent report No. 15. Agrosope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART. Zürich and Dübendorf, December 2007.

Nieder R and D K Benbi (2008): Carbon and nitrogen in the terrestrial environment. Springer Science.

Nielsen A M (2009). Optimising the production of biogas from manure and energy crops. PhD Thesis, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Nielsen P H (2002): Heat and power from pig manure. [Online] http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/energyconversion/
heatandpowerfrommanure.htm
Accessed 10.04.2009

Nielsen P H (2004): Energy production from pig manure. Data in the LCAfood database available in the SimaPro software.

Nielsen O-K, E Lyck, M H Mikkelsen, L Hoffmann, S Gyldenkærne, M Winter, M Nielsen, P Fauser, M Thomsen, M S Plejdrup, R Albrektsen, K Hjelgaard, L Vesterdal, I S Møller and L Baunbæk (2009): Denmark’s national inventory report. Emission inventories 1990-2007 – Submitted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. National Environmental Research Institute, Aahrus University. 826 pp. – NERI technical report no.724. [Online] http://www2.dmu.dk/Pub/FR724.pdf Accessed 10.10.2009.

Nielsen P H and H Wenzel (2005): Integrated Environmental Assessment of Ronozyme® Phytase application as an Alternative to Phosphate Supplementation to Pig Feed. March 2005. The Institute for Product Development. Technical University of Denmark.

Norddahl B (2009): Personal communication with Birgir Norddahl, University of Southern Denmark, August 2009.

Petersen B M, J E Olesen and T Heidmann (2002): A flexible tool for simulation of soil carbon turnover. Ecological Modelling, 151, 1-14.

Petersen J and P Sørensen (2008): Loss of nitrogen and carbon during storage of the fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry and influence on nitrogen availability. Journal of Agricultural Science, 40, 4172–4181.

Plantedirektoratet (2008): Vejledning om gødsknings- og harmoniregler. Planperioden 1.august 2007 til 31 juli 2008 – Revideret udgave april 2008. [Online] http://www.pdir.dk/files/filer/topmenu/publikationer/vejledninger/
goedningsregnskab0708/version2/3_8.html
Accessed 31.10.2009.

Poulsen H D, C F Børsting, H B Rom and S G Sommer (2001): Kvælstof, fosfor og kalium i husdyrgødning – normtal 2000 (Standard values of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in animal manure). Danmarks Jordbrugs Forskning. DJF rapport Nr. 36. Husdyrbrug. Miljøministeriet for fødevarer, landbrug og fiskeri. Danmarks Jordbrugsforskning, Tjele. Pp 152.

Potting J and M Hauschild (2005): Background for spatial differentiation in LCA impact assessment – The EDIP 2003 methodology. Environmental Project no. 996 2005. Miljøprojekt. Danish Ministry of the Environment. Environmental Protection Agency.

Pré Consultants (2009): Download Centre. [Online]. http://www.pre.nl/download/default.htm Accessed 15.12.2009.

Rosager F (2009): Personal communication with Frank Ulrik Rosager, Xergi, June 2009.

Sherlock RR, S G Sommer, R Z Khan, C Wesley, C W Wood, E A Guertal, J R Freney, C O Dawson and K C Cameron (2002): Emission of Ammonia, Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture in New Zealand. Journal of Environmental Quality 31, 1491-1501.

Sleeswijk A W, L F C M van Oers, J B Guinée, J Struijsd and M A J Huijbregtsb (2008): Normalisation in product life cycle assessment: An LCA of the global and European economic systems in the year 2000. Science of the Total Environment 390 (2008) p. 227–240. By Anneke Wegener Sleeswijk (Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, The Netherlands), Lauran F.C.M. van Oers and Jeroen B. Guinée (Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, The Netherlands), Jaap Struijs (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) and Mark A.J. Huijbregts (Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, The Netherlands).

Sojka RE, D L Bjorneberg, J A Entry, R D Lentz and W J Orts (2007): Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy 92, 75-162.

Sommer S G (1997): Ammonia volatilization from farm tanks containing anaerobically digested animal slurry. Atmospheric Environment, 31(6), 863-868.

Sommer S G, L S Jensen, S B Clausen and H T Søgaard (2006): Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied livestock slurry as affected by slurry composition and slurry infiltration depth. Journal of Agricultural Science, 144, 229-235.

Sommer S G, H B Møller and S O Petersen (2001): Reduktion af drivhusgasemission fra gylle og organisk affald ved biogasbehandling. DJG rapport nr. 31. Husdyrbrug. Juli 2001.

Sommer S G, J Olesen, S O Petersen, M R Weisbjerg, L Valli, L Rodhe and F Béline (2009): Region-specific assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation with different manure management strategies in four agroecological zones. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01888.x.

Sommer S G, S O Petersen and H B Møller (2004): Algorithms for calculating methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management. Nutrients Cycling in Agroecosystems, 69, 143-154.

Spielmann M, C Bauer, R Dones and M Tuchschmid (2007): Transport services. Data v2.0. Ecoinvent report no.14. Swiss centre for life cycle inventories, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Symons G E and A M Buswell (1933): The methane fermentation of carbohydrates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 55, 2028-2036.

Steen I. (1998): Phosphate Recovery - Phosphorus availability in the 21st century - Management of a non-renewable resource. Phosphorus & Potassium, Issue No: 217 (September-October, 1998). Downloaded October 2008 from http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/phosphate-recovery/p&k217/steen.htm

Stemmer, M., Roth, K. & Kandeler, E. (2000): Carbon mineralization and microbial activity in a field trial used for 14C turnover experiments over a period of 30 years. Biol. Fert. Soils 31, 294-302.

Stranddorf HK, L Hoffmann and A Schmidt (2005): Update on Impact Categories, Normalisation and Weighting in LCA - Selected EDIP97-data. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Project

No. 995, 2005.

Thomson A, M Wise, K Calvin, L Clarke, R Sands, B Bond-Lamberty, S Smith, A Janetos and J Edmonds (2009): Integrated assessment modelling of land-use change and climate change impacts on terrestrial carbon stocks. IOP Conf. Series, Earth and Environmental Science, 6. [Online] http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/6/16/162007/pdf/1755-1315_6_16_162007.pdf Accessed 06.11.2009.

Utoft J (2009): Grøn vækst vil kræve biogas i naturgasnettet. Gasteknik, 4, 16-17.

Vanotti M B, D M C Rashash and P G Hunt (2002): Solid-liquid separation of flushed swine manure with PAM: effect of wastewater strength. Transactions of the ASAE, 45 (6): 1959-1969.

Vanotti M B, J M Rice , A Q Ellison, P G Hunt, F J Humenik and C L Baird (2005): Solid-liquid separation of swine manure with polymer treatment and sand filtration. Transactions of the ASAE, 48 (4), 1567-1574.

Vinther F (2004): SimDen. en simpel model til beregning af denitrifikation af N2O-emission. [Online] www.agrsci.dk/media/webdav/filer/jpm/ostof/simden_ver_2_0 Accessed 06.08.2009.

Weidema B, M Wesnæs, J Hermansen, T Kristensen, N Halberg, P Eder, L Delgado (2008): Environmental improvement potentials of meat and dairy products. Sevilla: Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. JRC 46650. EUR 23491 EN. ISBN 978-92-79-09716-4. ISSN 1018-5593. DOI 10.2791/38863. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. © European Communities, 2008. 217 sider. http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC46650.pdf

Weidema B P, H Wenzel, C Petersen and K Hansen (2004): Product, functional unit and reference flows in LCA. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental News No. 70, 2004.

Weidema B P (2004): Geographical, technological and temporal delimitation in LCA – UMIP 2003 method. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental News No. 74, 2004.

Wenzel H, M Hauschild and L Alting (1997): Environmental assessment of products. Volume 1: Methodology, tools and case studies in product development. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0 412 80800 5.

Wesnæs M, H Wenzel and B M Petersen (2009): Life cycle assessment of slurry management technologies. Environmental project no. 1298, 2009. Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency. [Online] http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2009/978-87-92548-20-7/pdf/978-87-92548-21-4.pdf Accessed 10.10.2009.

Wu S and R A Shanks (2004): Solubility study of polyacrylamide in polar solvents. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93, 1493-1499.

 



Version 1.0 August 2010, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency