PAC method
(as named in orig. reference) |
Content/membrane |
Target compounds |
Sampling purpose |
| "Semipermeable membrane devices" (SPMD) |
Triolein / polyethylene |
Lipophilic |
Quantitative, screening, toxicity tests |
| "Solvent-filled dialysis membranes" |
Hexane or heptane/ dialysis membrane |
Lipophilic |
Screening |
| "Empore disks" |
Filter with C18 resin /no membrane |
Lipophilic |
Bioconcentration |
| "Passive in situ concentration
extraction sampler" (PISCES) |
Hexane / polyethylene membrane |
Organochlorines |
Screening |
| "In situ monitering" |
Polyurethane / fiberglass |
Aromatic compounds |
Screening, toxicity tests |
| "Permeation sampling" (not in situ) |
XAD-7, Tenax TA / polycarbonate membrane |
Phenolic compounds |
Quantitative |
"Ground water monitering"
(directly in water) |
C18, XAD, Amberlite and polyurethane / ceramic
membrane |
PAHs, PCBs and pesticides |
Quantitative |
| Passive sampler (tested in situ) |
Iso-octane / polyethylene |
Chlordane and dieldrin |
Quantitative |
| "Ground water monitering" |
Various adsorbents / Gore-tex membrane |
VOCs and SVOCs |
Screening |
| "Passive dosimetry" (not in situ) |
Activated carbon / perforated acrylic |
p-xylene and atrazin |
Quantitative |
"Passive sampling devices"
(used in soil) |
C-18, XAD-4, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane /
polyethylene |
PCBs and pesticider |
Screening |
| "Passive Sampler" |
Various chromatografic materials / various
membranes |
Organic compounds |
Quantitative |
| Passiv samlper for volatile aromatics in water |
Porapak Q, Tenax-TA / Silicone polycarbonate |
Monocyclic aromatics |
Quantitative (via gasphase) |
| "Blue cotton" |
Phthalocyanin trisulfonate / no membrane |
Phthalates and aromatics |
Toxicity tests |
| Solid phase micro extraction, SPME (not in
situ) |
Various materials / no membrane |
Various compounds |
Screening |