Substitution af alkylphenolethoxylater (APE) i maling, træbeskyttelse, lime og fugemasser

Substitution af alkylphenolethoxylater (APE) i maling, træbeskyttelse, lime og fugemasser

8 Litteraturliste

Ahel, M., D. Hrsak & W. Giger (1994). Aerobic transformation of short-cahin alkylphenol polyethoxylates by mixed bacterial cultures. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol. 26 pp. 540-548.

Ahel, M., J. McEvoy & W. Giger (1993). Bioaccumulation of the lipophilic metabolites of nonionic surfactants in freshwater organisms. Environmental Pollution 79 (1993) pp. 243-248.

Akzo Nobel (1999a). Safety Data Sheets. Bermodol SPS.

Akzo Nobel (1999b). Safety Data Sheets. Berol 725.

Ball, H.A., M. Reinhard & P.L. McCarty (1989). Biotransformation of halogenated and nonhalogenated octylphenol polyethoxylate residues under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 23 pp. 951-961.

Benke, G.M. & M.J. Brown (1977). Safety testning of alkyl polyethoxylate. Nonionic surfactants.1. Acute effects. Fd. Cosmet.Toxicol, 15 pp. 309-318.

CESIO (2000). Comité Européen des Agents de Surface et leurs Intermediaires Organiques. Classification and Labelling of Anionic, Nonionic Surfactants, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Fatty Amines and Derivatives for Industrial use. CESIO Toxicology Advisory Group (CTAG).

CIRP (1983). The Cosmetic Review Program. Final Report on the safety assessment of nonoxynols –2, -4, -8, -9, -10, -12, -14, -15, -30, -40 and –50.2.

CIRP (1983). The Cosmetic Review Program. Final Report on the Safety assessment of Laurehs –4 and –23. 2 (7).

CIRP (1988). The Cosmetic Review Program. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Steareth-2,-4,-6,-7,-10,-11,-13,-15,-20. 7 (6)

Drotman, R.B. (1980). The Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Alkylpolyethoxylates by Rats and Humans. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 52, pp. 38-44.

ECB (2002). European Union Risk Assessment Report. 4-nonylphenol (branched) and nonylphenol. Vol. 10. European Chemical Bureau 2002. Tilgængelig via internettet.

Falbe, J. ed. (1986). Surfactants in consumer products. Theory, Technology and Application. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

Field, A.J. & R.L. Reed (1996). Nonylphenol Polyethoxy Carboxylate Metabolites of Nonionic Surfactants in U.S. Paper Mill Effluents, Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents and River Waters. From Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 30, 1996. Reprinted with permission in the Alkylphenold and Alkylphenols Ethoxylate Review. Vol 1, No. 1, February, 1998.

Gejlsbjerg, B., C. Klinge & T. Madsen (2001). Mineralization of organic contaminants in sludge-soil mixtures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, pp. 698-705.

Gingell, R. & C.C. Lu (1991). Acute, Subcronic, and Reproductive Toxicity of a Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactant in the Rat. J Am Coll Toxicol,10, pp. 477-86.

Gloxhuber, C. & K. Künstler (1992). Anionic surfactants: Biochemistry, toxicology, dermatology. 2^nd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.Vol 43. New York.

Inoue, K. & T. Sunakawa (1980). Studies of in vitro cell transformation and mutagenicity by surfactants and other compounds. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 18, pp. 289-296.

IPCS (1996). Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and related Compounds. Environmental Health Criteria 169.

ISO (1998). ISO/TC 190/SC 7/WG 3 N 19. Soil quality, Soil and site assessment, Ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials. An integrated classification approach to identify the danger of chemical substances to terrestrial ecosystems. Development of specific criteria. 1998-09-14.

Jakobsen, B.M. & T. Madsen (1998). Østrogenlignende stoffer. Anvendelse og udbredelse. Virkning på mennesker og miljø. Dansk Planteværn, februar 1998.

KEMI (1990). Tvätt- och rengöringsmedel för hushållsbruk. Rapport från Kemikalieinspektionen 7/90.

Knaak, J.B., J.M. Eldridge & L.J. Sullivan (1966). Excretion of certain polyethylene glycol ether adducts of nonylphenol by the rat. Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 9, pp. 331-340.

Kristensen, P. & H. Tyle (1990). The assessment of bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. Contribution to the assessment. Proceedings of an international workshop, eds. R. Nagel & R. Loskill. Berlin.

Kristensen, P., J. Tørsløv, L. Samsøe-Petersen & J.O. Rasmussen (1996). Anvendelse af affaldsprodukter til jordbrugsformål. Kontamineringsniveau, miljørisikovurdering og forslag til kvalitetskriterier. Miljøprojekt nr. 328. Miljøstyrelsen.

Larson, P.S., J.F. Borzelleca, E.R. Bowman, E.M. Crawford, R. Blackwell Smith, Jr. & G.R. Hennigar (1963). Toxicologic Studies on a Preparation of b-Tertiary octylphenoxy-Polyethoxy Ethanols (Triton x-405). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 5, pp. 782-789.

Madsen, T. (1996). Bionedbrydning af alkylphenolethoxylater (APEO) og APEO derivater. VKI notat. Ikke publiceret - originalreferencer ikke angivet til denne tekst.

Madsen, T., M.Winther-Nielsen & L. Samsøe-Petersen (1998). Effects of Organic Chemicals in Sludge Applied to Soil. Miljøprojekt nr. 432, 1998. Miljø- og Energiministeriet. Miljøstyrelsen.

Madsen, T., H.B. Boyd, D. Nylen, A.R. Pedersen, G.I. Petersen & F. Simonsen (2001). Environmental and health assessment of substances in household detergents and cosmetic detergent products. Miljøprojekt nr. 615. Danish Environmetal Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Denmark, 201 p.

McDermott, J.A., D.H. Hughes & P.M. Quinlin (1975). Alkyl ethoxy sulphates, absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolite identification studies in rats and man. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 33, p. 145.

Meyer, O., P.H. Andersen, E.V. Hansen & J.V. Larsen (1988). Teratogenicity and in vitro mutagenicity studies on nonoxynol-9 and 30. Pharmacol Toxicol 62, pp. 236-238.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1996). Bekendtgørelse om kvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af visse farlige stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet. Miljø- og Energiministeriets bek. nr. 921 af 8. oktober 1996.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet (2000). Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af affaldsprodukter til jordbrugsformål (slambekendtgørelsen). Miljø- og Energiministeriets bek. nr. 49 af 20. januar 2000.

Mortelmans, K., S. Haworth, T. Lawlor, W. Speck, B. Tainer & E. Deiger (1986). Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals, Environ. mutagen. 8 (Suppl. 7), pp. 1-119.

Naylor, C.G., (1995). Environmental Fate and Safety of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates. Textile Chemist and Colorist, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 29-33 (1995). Reprintet in the Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Review. Vol 1, No. 1, February, 1998.

Nethercott, J.R. & M.J. Lawrence (1984). Allergic contact dermatitis due to nonylphenol ethoxylate (Nonoxynol-6). Contact Dermatitis, 10, pp. 235-239.

Nimrod, A.C. & W.H. Benson (1996). Environmental Estrogenic Effects of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, vol. 26, 1996. Reprintet with permission in the Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Review. Vol 1, No. 1, February, 1998.

Nolen, G.A., L.W. Klusman, L.F. Patrick & R.G. Geil (1975). Teratology studies of a mixture of tallow alkyl ethoxylate and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in rats and rabbits. Toxicology, 4, pp. 231-243.

Nomura, T., S. Kimura, S. Hata, T. Kanzaki & H. Tanaka (1980). The synthetic surfactants AS and LAS interrupt pregnancy in mice. Life Sciences, 26, pp. 49-54.

Nordic Council of Ministers (1996). Chemicals with Estrogen-like Effects. TemaNord. 1996:580.

Nusair, T.L., P.J. Danneman, J. Stotte & P.H.S. Bay (1988). Consumer products: risk assessment process for contact sensitization. Toxicologist, 8, 258.

OECD (2001). Harmonised integrated classification system for human health and environmental hazards of chemical substances and mixtures, http://www.oecd.org/ehs/Class/HCL6.htm

Painter, H.A. (1992). Anionic Surfactants, p. 5-82. In N.T. de Oude (volume editor), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Detergents. Vol. 3. Part F. Anthropogenic Compounds.Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.

Palmer, A.K., M.A. Readshaw & A.M. Neuff (1975). Assessment of the teratogenic potential of surfactants. Part 1-LAS, AS and CLD, Toxicology, 3, pp. 91-106.

Rasmussen, P.B., H.K. Stranddorf, K. Hjuler & J.O. Rasmussen (2001). Vurdering af malings miljøbelastning i anvendelsesfasen. Miljøprojekt nr. 662. Miljøstyrelsen.

Scailteur, V., J.K. Maurer, A.P. Walker & G. Calvin (1986). Subchronic oral toxicity testing in rats with a liquid hand-washing detergent containing anionic surfactant. Fd Chem. Toxic, 24(2), pp. 175-181.

Schöberl, P. K.J. Boch & L. Huber (1988). Ökologish relevanten Daten von Tensiden in Wash- und Reinigungmitteln. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 25, 1186-98.

SFT (1991). Tensider i vaske- og rengjøringsmidler – helsefarevurdering. Statens Forureningstilsyn. Nr.91:06B.

Singer, M.M. & R.S. Tjeerdema (1993). Fate and effects of the Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. pp. 95-149.

Sivak, A., M. Goyer, J. Perwak & P. Thayer (1982). Environmental and health aspects of commercially important surfactants. In K.L. Mittal (ed), Solution Behavior of surfactants: Theoretical and applied Aspects. Plenum Press. New York and London.

Smyth, H.F. & J.C. Calandra (1969). Toxicological studies of alkylphenolpolyoxyethylene surfactants. Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol 14, pp. 315-334.

Talmage, S. S. (1994). Environmental and human safety of major surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates. The Soap and Detergent Association. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Taylor, A.J., G.M. Powell, D. Howes, J.G. Black & A.H. Olavsen (1978). Metabolism of the Surfactant Sodium Undecyltriethoxy Sulphate and Sodium Dodecyltriethoxy Sulphate in the Rat. Biochem.J. 174, pp. 405-412.

Tolls, J. (1998). Bioconcentration of surfactants. Ph.D. thesis. Utrech University, Utrech, the Netherlands.

Weeks J.A., W.J. Adams, P.D. Guiney, J.F. Hall & C.G Naylor (1998). Risk Assessment of Nonylphenol and its Ethoxylates in U.S. River Water and Sediment. Originally appeared in the Proceedings of the 4^th CESIO World Surfactants Congress, vol.3, 1996. Reprintet with permission in the Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Review. Vol 1, No. 1, February, 1998.

Østergård, G. (1999). Toxicological Evaluation and Limit Values for nonylphenol, Nonylphenolethoxylates, Tricrecyl Phosphates and Benzonic Acid. Miljøprojekt nr. 512. Miljøstyrelsen.