Development of a Bunker Norm for Ships 9. Bunker Delivery Note
Drawbacks Definitions: Aromatic compounds: Cyclic compounds where the fourth valence of the "C" atom is oriented in a special manner such as in benzene. Asphaltenes: A group of hydrocarbons which is insoluble in n-heptane. Are often regarded as the poorly combustible part of the oil, but this is controversial. Ashes: Indicate the quantity of solids by weight that is left when the oil has burnt. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials BS MA100: British Standard for: Marine Gas Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, Distillate mixed with some residual oil, Heavy Oil with increasing viscosity and an upper density limit. CCAI- value: Calculated Carbon Aromatic Index expressing the ignition properties of the oil. Cetane number: In diesel engines the fuel is ignited by means of the heat from compression, and the cetane number expresses how willingly this occurs. CFPP: Indicates the highest temperature at which the oil is likely to choke an "average" filter by reason of crystallisation of paraffin. CIMAC: CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MACHINES A COMBUSTION – an organisation that safeguards the interests of engine manufacturers and users. Cloud Point: When diesel oil is cooled, paraffin may be liberated, and the Cloud Point is defined as the temperature at which visible quantities of paraffin occur. Conradson Carbon Residue, CCR: A number indicating the quantity of carbon which the oil is likely to form when heated without adequate addition of air. cSt.: Centistoke – expresses the viscosity of the oil and thereby its ability to flow through pipes and valves. High viscosity equals a lack of fluidity. Cyclic compounds: Organic compounds containing atoms that are linked together in rings. Flash point: The lowest temperature at which the oil generates ignitable vapours. FOBAS: Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory Service attached to Lloyd`s Register of Shipping – carries out bunker oil analyses. HFO: Heavy Fuel Oil. IFO: Intermediate Fuel Oil is a term used to characterise mixed oils by virtue of different viscosity requirements. ISO 8217-standard: International standard for distillate and residual fuels for diesel engines. KN Code: Number in the common customs tariff. LFO: Light Fuel Oil. Lower heating value, LHV: The lower calorific value. Indicates the energy content of the oil; is based on the water remaining in its vaporous state. The LHV can be estimated on the basis of the oil’s density, sulphur content, water content, and ash content. A reduction of these parameters will increase the heat content per kg of oil. MFO: Marine Fuel Oil. sec. Redwood I: Redwood I expresses the viscosity of the oil and thereby its ability to flow through pipes and valves. High viscosity equals a lack of fluidity. Sediment by hot filtration (SHF): An indication of the oil’s content of sludge. VPS: Veritas Petroleum Services – carries out bunker oil analyses. List of Appendices Appendix 1 List of machinery and fuel types used on primary ferry services Appendix 2 List of machinery and fuel types used on secondary ferry services Appendix 3 List of machinery and fuel types used on international ferry services Appendix 4 List of machinery and fuel types used on high-speed ferry services Appendix 5 List of machinery and fuel types used in a selection of different merchant vessels Appendix 6 Brief survey of fishing vessels and leisure craft Appendix 7 Viscosity vs. temperature sheet for fuel oils Appendix 8 Nomogram for Calculated Aromaticity Index (CCAI) Appendix 9 Anticipated useful life of main components when using HFO and MDO Appendix 10 Sulphur Levels Distribution
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