Review of Environmental Fate and Effects of Selected
Phthalate Esters

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Summary and conclusions
2.1 Concentrations in the environment
2.2 Degradation
2.3 Bioaccumulation
2.4 Toxicity
2.5 Estrogenic effects
2.6 Environmental Hazard Classification
2.7 Predicted No-Effect-Concentrations for the aquatic environment
2.8 Summary of the environmental fate and effect of 6 phthalate esters

3 Resumé og konklusioner
3.1 Koncentrationer i miljøet
3.2 Nedbrydning
3.3 Bioakkumulering
3.4 Toksicitet
3.5 Østrogenlignende effekter
3.6 Miljøfareklassifikation
3.7 Nul-effekt-koncentrationer (PNEC) for vandmiljøet
3.8 Resumé af 6 phthalatesteres miljømæssige skæbne og effekter

4 Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP)
4.1 Physico-chemical properties
4.1.1 Water solubility
4.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
4.1.3 Summary
4.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
4.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
4.2.2 Abiotic degradation
4.2.3 Biodegradation
4.2.4 Bioaccumulation
4.2.5 Summary and conclusion
4.3 Effects
4.3.1 Toxicity to micro-organisms
4.3.2 Toxicity to algae
4.3.3 Toxicity to invertebrates
4.3.4 Toxicity to fish
4.3.5 Estrogenic effects
4.3.6 Summary and conclusions
4.4 Environmental hazard classification
4.5 PNEC for the aquatic compartment

5 Diethyl Phthalate (DEP)
5.1 Physico-chemical properties
5.1.1 Water solubility
5.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
5.1.3 Summary
5.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
5.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
5.2.2 Abiotic degradation
5.2.3 Biodegradation
5.2.4 Bioaccumulation
5.2.5 Summary and conclusion
5.3 Effects
5.3.1 Toxicity to micro-organisms
5.3.2 Toxicity to algae
5.3.3 Toxicity to invertebrates
5.3.4 Toxicity to fish
5.3.5 Estrogenic effects
5.3.6 Summary and conclusions
5.4 Environmental hazard classification
5.5 PNEC for the aquatic environment

6 Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP)
6.1 Physico-chemical properties
6.1.1 Water solubility
6.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
6.1.3 Summary
6.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
6.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
6.2.2 Abiotic degradation
6.2.3 Biodegradation
6.2.4 Bioaccumulation
6.2.5 Summary and conclusion
6.3 Effects
6.3.1 Terrestrial organisms
6.3.2 Toxicity to micro-organisms
6.3.3 Toxicity to algae
6.3.4 Toxicity to invertebrates
6.3.5 Toxicity to fish
6.3.6 Estrogenic effects
6.3.7 Summary and conclusions
6.4 Environmental hazard classification
6.5 PNEC for the aquatic compartment

7 Butylbenzyl Phthalate (BBP)
7.1 Physico-chemical properties
7.1.1 Water solubility
7.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
7.1.3 Summary
7.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
7.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
7.2.2 Abiotic degradation
7.2.3 Biodegradation
7.2.4 Bioaccumulation
7.2.5 Summary and conclusion
7.3 Effects
7.3.1 Toxicity to micro-organisms
7.3.2 Toxicity to algae
7.3.3 Toxicity to invertebrates
7.3.4 Toxicity to fish
7.3.5 Estrogenic effects
7.3.6 Summary and conclusions
7.4 Environmental hazard classification
7.5 PNEC for the aquatic compartment

8 Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP)
8.1 Physico-chemical properties
8.1.1 Water solubility
8.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
8.1.3 Summary
8.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
8.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
8.2.2 Abiotic degradation
8.2.3 Biodegradation
8.2.4 Bioaccumulation
8.2.5 Summary and conclusion
8.3 Effects
8.3.1 Toxicity to micro-organisms
8.3.2 Toxicity to algae
8.3.3 Toxicity to invertebrates
8.3.4 Estrogenic effects
8.3.6 Summary and conclusions
8.4 Environmental hazard classification
8.5 PNEC for the aquatic compartment

9 Diisodecyl Phthalate (DIDP)
9.1 Physico-chemical properties
9.1.1 Water solubility
9.1.2 Octanol-water partition coefficient
9.1.3 Summary
9.2 Environmental concentrations and fate
9.2.1 Concentrations in the environment
9.2.2 Abiotic degradation
9.2.3 Biodegradation
9.2.4 Summary and conclusion
9.3 Effects
9.3.1 Toxicity to micro-organisms
9.3.2 Toxicity to alga
9.3.3 Toxicity to invertebrates
9.3.4 Toxicity to fish
9.3.5 Estrogenic effects
9.3.6 Summary and conclusions
9.4 Environmental hazard classification
9.5 PNEC for the aquatic compartment

10 References