[Front page] [Contents] [Previous] [Next]

Environmental and technical characteristics of conductive adhesives versus soldering

10. References

1. Helle Westphal et al, Environmental Impacts of Adhesives and Solders, Danish Toxicology Centre, June 1998, ISBN 87-7398-123-0
2. Christensen F M (2000), Life Cycle Assessment of electrically conductive adhesive versus traditional tin/lead solder. Kamille II. DTC, Denmark
3. Christensen F M, Jensen A B (2000). Silver as a resource as compared to tin and lead. Kamille II. DTC, Denmark.
4. Christensen F M, Jaroszewski M, Syska J, Cohr K H (2000), Occupational health assessment. Kamille II. DTC, Denmark.
5. Cohr K H, Christensen F M (2000). Toxicological aspects of adhesives as compared to soldering systems. DTC, Denmark.
6. Jørgensen T (2000). Test report. Kamille II. DELTA, Denmark.
7. Jørgensen T (2000). Production analysis. Kamille II. DELTA, Denmark.
8. Legarth J B (1996). Recycling of electronic scrap. Ph.D-thesis. AP96.08/IPT.96.08-A. Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.
9. Christensen F M (2000). Recycling analysis. DTC, Denmark.
10. Harris P G, Whitmore M A (1993). Alternative Solders for Electronics Assemblies. Part 1: Materials Selection. Circuit World. Vol. 19(2), p. 25-27.
11. Lee N-C (1999). Lead-Free soldereing – Where the world is going. Advancing Microelectronics. 26(5), p. 29-35.
12. MCS (1996). Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 1996. World Mine Production, Reserves and Base (http://minerals.er.usgs... odity/silver/880396.txt)
13. World Resources, 1992. CEIDOCT, Mineral resources. (http://tiger.eea.int/projects/envwin/busindus/ceidoct/42.htm)
14. Boustead I (1997). Eco-profiles of the European plastics industry. Report 12: Liquid epoxy resins. Association of Plastics Manufactures in Europe (APME), Brussels.
15. Deubzer O, Middendorf A (1998). Environmentally Friendly Materials and Processes for SMT-Reflow Soldering and Conductive Adhesive Joining in Comparison, Proc. Int. Conf. on Electronic Assembly: Materials and Process Challenges,Atlanta/Georgia, June 16 - 18, 1998.
16. Hauschild M, Wenzel H (1997). Environmental assessment of products. Volume 2: Scientific background. First edition. Chapman & Hall, United Kingdom.
17. ISO 14040 (1997). Environmental Management – life cycle assessment – Principles and framework.
18. ISO 14041 (1999). Environmental Management – life cycle assessment – Goal and scope definition and inventory analysis.
19. ISO/DIS 14042 (1998a). Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Life cycle impact assessment. Draft international Standard.
20. ISO/DIS 14043 (1998b). Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Life cycle interpretation. Draft international Standard.
21. Pedersen M A (1998). Brugermanual til UMIP PC-værktøj (betaversion). Miljø- og Energiministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen. (User manual in Danish)
22. Segerberg T (1995). Life Cycle Assessment of Tin-lead Solder and Conductive Adhesive in Surface Mount Technology. IVF Report 95051. The Swedish Institute of Production Engineering Research (IVF).
23. Snowdon K (1999). Lead Free – The Nortel Experience. Technical paper and presentation at IPCWorks ’99, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Association connecting electronics industries (IPC).
24. Wenzel H, Hauschild M, Alting L (1997). Environmental assessment of products. Volume 1: Methodology, tools and case studies in product development. First edition. Chapman & Hall, United Kingdom.
25. Westphal H, Christensen F M, Nielsen I R, Hvims H (1995). "Kan miljøet blive renere med ledende lime i elektronik-produktionen - KAMILLE", Danish EPA, Dept. for Products and Cleaner Technology. Copenhagen 1995. (Toxicological and environmental comparison of tin/lead solder with electrically conductive adhesives - in Danish).
26. Cohr et al (1999), Lead-free solder, Health and safety properties of alternative metals and a technical status report.
27. Hvims, Henrik (1994), Adhesives as solder replacement for SMT, DELTA
28. Petersen, Jens Rytter et al (1992), "Electromigration and voltage induced corrosion in electronics" SPM-109, DELTA.
29. AMM-Online, (1999), Silver Profile (http://www.amm.com/ref/silver.HTM)
30. Boliden, a (1998) Våra viktigaste metaller. Information brochure.
31. TSI (1998). The Silver Institute. Supply and Demand of Silver in 1997 (http://www.silverinstitute.org/demand.htm.)
32. Kleinmann, Georg (1998). Silver lining revisited. (http://www.commodity.com/reports/98_02_silver.htm)
33. Hauschild M, Wenzel H (1997). Environmental assessment of products. Volume 2: Scientific background. First edition. Chapman & Hall, United Kingdom.
34. MCS (1996). Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 1996. World Mine Production, Reserves and Base (http://minerals.er.usgs... odity/silver/880396.txt)
35. Knudsen, M.B., 1998, Price of silver may double in about a year. (http://www.sunshinemining.com)
36. World Resources, 1992. CEIDOCT, Mineral resources. (http://tiger.eea.int/projects/envwin/busindus/ceidoct/42.htm)
37. Lesser, Mikael (1999). Boliden, Bergsöe. Personal communication
38. ITRI Market Data 1995 and 1996. (http://www.itri.co.uk/market.htm)
39. Harris P G, Whitmore M A (1993). Alternative Solders for Electronics Assemblies. Part 1: Materials Selection. Circuit World. Vol. 19(2), p. 25-27.
40 Lee N-C (1999). Lead-Free soldereing – Where the world is going. Advancing Microelectronics. 26(5), p. 29-35.

 

 

 

[Front page] [Contents] [Previous] [Next] [Top]