Alternatives to Methyl Bromide; Integrated Pest Management in Danish Flour Mills

Contents

Preface

Summary

1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Methyl bromide
1.3 Danish flour mills today
1.4 Stored product pests

2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
2.1 IPM
2.2 A brief history of IPM
2.3 Quality policies and risk assessment
2.4 Building design and cleaning
2.5 Inspections
2.5.1 Factory inspection
2.5.2 Inspection check lists
2.5.3 Traps and indicators
2.6 Storage
2.7 Training of personnel
2.8 Alternatives - non fumigants
2.8.1 Pesticides
2.8.2 Diatomaceous earth
2.8.3 Biological control
2.8.4 Freezing
2.8.5 HTST – High Temperature Short Time
2.8.6 Entoleters
2.8.7 Cold storage

3. Direct alternatives to Methyl bromide
3.1 Carbonyl sulphide (COS)
3.2 Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
3.3 Chloropicrin (CCL₃NO₂)
3.4 Phosphine (PH₃ )
3.5 Heat treatment
3.6 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) phosphine (PH₃) and heat
3.7 Sulfurylfluoride (SO₂F₂)

6. Litterature list

Appendix 1:  Design
Appendix 2:  Design
Appendix 3:  Proposed cleaning plan
Appendix 4:  Methods to control and monitor pests
Appendix 5:  Possible alternatives to fumigation
Appendix 6:  Guidelines for the inspection of High risk areas