Pesticides Research, 83 – The Effect of Esfenvalerate and Prochloraz on Amphibians with special reference to Xenopus laevis and Bombina bombina

The Effect of Esfenvalerate and Prochloraz on Amphibians with special reference to Xenopus laevis and Bombina bombina

Preface

This report is a part of the research programm “Effects of Pesticides on Ponds”.

The projects were funded by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency' s Research programme on Environmental effects of pesticides.

The aim of the project was:

To develop a model-based tool for evaluation of risk related to pesticide exposure in surface water. The tool must be directly applicable by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA) in their approval procedure. As part of this goal, the project had to:

Determine the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on ponds,
Validate E(L)C50 values from well-known algae – amphibian laboratory tests,
Develop an OECD test guideline for amphibians as proposed by Denmark in 1992,
To develop or fit a model for calculating starting concentrations (PIEC) and chronic concentrations (PEC) of pesticides in ponds for use in risk assessment.

The project consisted of four subprojects with individual objectives. The sub-projects are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Sub-projects of ” Effects of Pesticides on Ponds”.

Tabel 1. Oversigt over delprojekter i ”Effekter af pesticider i vandhuller”.

	Title	Participating institutions
•	Undersøgelse eksperimentelt i laboratoriet og i felten af akutte og sublethale effekter af pesticider på døgnfluen Cloëon og krebsdyrene Asellus og Daphnia	Department of Environment, Technology and Social Studies, Roskilde University, Funen County, and Danish Forest and Nature Agency
•	Undersøgelse over udvalgte pesticiders økotoksikologiske effekter på amfibier	Danish Technological Institute, and DHI Water & Environment
•	Pesticiders effekt på klokkefrøvandhuller i relation til gødningsbelastningen	Amphi Consult, and Funen County
•	Pyrethroiders skæbne i et mindre vandhul	National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

The reports produced by the projects are:

Pedersen, C. L. (1999): Effects of the pesticides Esfenvalerate and Prochloraz on Pond Ecology. - Ministry of Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Research No. 50.
Larsen, J., & Sørensen, I. (2004): The effect of esfenvalerate and prochloraz on amphibians with reference to Xenopus laevis and Bombina bombina - Ministry of Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Research No. 83.
Larsen, J., Sørensen, I. & Gustavson, K. (2004): The effects of selected pyrethroids on embryos of Bombina bombina during different culture and semi-field conditions - Ministry of Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Research No. 84.
Briggs, L. & Damm, N. (2004): Effects of pesticides on Bombina bombina in natural pond ecosystems. - Ministry of Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Research No. 85.
Mogensen, B.B., Sørensen, P.B., Stuer-Lauridsen, F. & Lassen, P. (2004): Fate of pyrethroids in farmland ponds - Ministry of Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides Research No. 86.

The project was overseen by a steering committee. The members have made valuable contributions to the project. The committee consisted of:

Jens Mossin	Danish Environmental Protection Agency
Lars Briggs	Amphi concult
Leif Bisschop Larsen	Funen County
Peter Wiberg-Larsen	Funen County
Jørgen Larsen	Danish Technological Institute
Betty Bügel Mogensen	National Environmental Research Institute
Frank Stuer-Lauridsen	National Environmental Research Institute
Arne Schiøtz	Danmarks Akvarium
Per Rosenkilde	University of Copenhagen
Henning Clausen	Danish Environmental Protection Agency
Claus Hansen	Danish Environmental Protection Agency

For this particular report we especially wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Per Rosenkilde, University of Copenhagen, for the use of facilities for maintaining adult Xenopus, and to Mrs. Inger Sørensen for excellent skilled technical assistance. Moreover Linda Gertz is thanked for the preparation of the manuscript. The financial support of the Danish EPA is gratefully acknowledged.