| |
|
Reported releases to (best estimates): |
|
| |
Inputs
to bios-
phere: |
Air |
Water |
Soil |
Muni-
cipal
waste |
Haz
/Med
waste |
Sector
waste
deposit *1 |
Waste
water
system |
By-
pro-
ducts |
Sum, rep.
releases
(b.est.) |
| Mobilisation of mercury impurities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Large coal combustion plants |
NA |
43.5 |
0.2 |
16.6 |
11.1 |
0.3 |
NA |
0.01 |
NA |
71.7 |
| Other coal combustion and use |
NA |
9.1 |
0.009 |
0.02 |
0.9 |
0 |
NA |
0.0009 |
NA |
10.0 |
| Extraction and use of oil, gas and biofuels |
NA |
7.8 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
3.4 |
0 |
NA |
0.003 |
NA |
11.4 |
| Primary extraction and processing of zinc |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Primary extraction and processing of copper |
NA |
0.03 |
0.002 |
35 |
20.4 |
0 |
NA |
0.3 |
NA |
55.7 |
| Primary extraction and processing of lead |
NA |
0.0001 |
0.001 |
4.1 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
4.1 |
| Primary extraction and processing of gold (except
amalgamation process) |
NA |
10.5 |
0.0005 |
1874 |
1.2 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
1886 |
| Primary extraction and processing of other metals |
NA |
1.4 |
0.1 |
25.1 |
7.5 |
0.02 |
NA |
0.009 |
NA |
34.1 |
| Co-production of several non-ferrous metals |
NA |
0.1 |
0 |
3 |
5.1 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
8.2 |
| Cement production |
NA |
2.3 |
0.0009 |
0.7 |
0.02 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
3.0 |
| Other primary extraction and processing of materials |
NA |
3.4 |
0.3 |
40.7 |
0.5 |
0.002 |
NA |
0.0005 |
NA |
44.9 |
| Sub-sum, mobilisation of mercury impurities |
NA |
78 |
0.7 |
2000 |
50 |
0.3 |
NA |
0.32 |
NA |
2129 |
| Intentional mercury use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Primary mercury extraction and processing
(intended mining of mercury) |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
0 |
| Extraction of gold with the mercury-amalgamation
process |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
| Chlor-alkali production with mercury technology |
NA |
5.9 |
0.05 |
0 |
13.5 |
0.4 |
NA |
0 |
NA |
19.9 |
| Dental amalgam fillings |
NA |
0.25 |
0 |
0 |
4.5 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NR |
4.8 |
| Batteries |
NA |
0.01 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NR |
3.2 |
| Thermometers |
NA |
0.001 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0 |
NA |
0 |
NR |
0.1 |
| Manometers, blood pressure gauges and education |
NA |
0.8 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NR |
0.8 |
| Switches, relays and contacts |
NA |
0.003 |
0 |
0.0009 |
17.3 |
0.0009 |
NA |
0.0009 |
NR |
17.3 |
| Light sources |
NA |
1 |
0.002 |
0 |
2.7 |
0 |
NA |
0.009 |
NR |
3.7 |
| Other products and processes |
NA |
3.6 |
0.1 |
5.6 |
20.2 |
0.1 |
NA |
0.005 |
NR |
29.6 |
| Sub-sum, intentional mercury use |
NA |
12 |
0.15 |
5.6 |
62 |
0.50 |
NA |
0.015 |
NA |
79 |
| Waste treatment and waste water systems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Incineration of general/municipal waste |
NR |
4.6 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NR |
4.6 |
| Incineration of hazardous/medical waste |
NR |
8.6 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NR |
8.6 |
| Landfills/deposits |
NR |
0.1 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NR |
NA |
NR |
0.1 |
| Waste water systems |
NR |
0.8 |
0.4 |
16 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NR |
NR |
17.2 |
| Recycling of mercury |
NR |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Recycling of other materials |
NR |
1 |
0 |
0.02 |
0.1 |
0.006 |
NA |
0.002 |
NA |
1.1 |
| Other waste treatment |
NR |
2.05 |
2.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
0.02 |
NA |
4.6 |
| Sub-sum, waste treatment and waste water
systems *2 |
NR |
17 |
2.9 |
16 |
0.10 |
0.0 |
NA |
0.022 |
NA |
|
Notes to table 3-8: *1: Sector specific waste deposits is an "other controlled deposition" category, including for example special deposits for coal combustion residues in some countries and industry's own deposits (subject to authorities control). *2: Note that double counting can not be ruled out in overall sums for waste treatment - depends on national practices and how data were reported in questionnaire responses. Therefore, these sums were not included in the table. *3: Dental amalgam; 2.5 metric tons/y released to air from crematoria were reported in the US questionnaire response under the category "Other waste treatment" and were allocated to dental amalgam here by the report author in order to streamline the presentation with other countries' data in line with the guidance provided for filling in the questionnaire.