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Quantification and Identification of Active Microorganisms in Microbial Plant Protection Products

Contents

Preface

Summary

Sammenfatning

1 Microbial plant protection products marketed in Denmark

• 1.1 Regulation
• 1.2 Background
• 1.3 Objectives
• 1.4 General methodology

2 Investigation of microbial plant protection products

• 2.1 Collection of microbial plant protection products
• 2.2 Quantification
  • 2.2.1 Colony-forming units
  • 2.2.2 Molecular identification of strains from the Bacillus cereus group
  • 2.2.3 Formation of crystalline inclusions containing delta-endotoxin in the Bacillus thuringiensis cultures
  • 2.2.4 Identification of fungi and actinomycetes
• 2.3 Contaminating bacteria

3 Results

• 3.1 Available information on the microbial plant protection products
• 3.2 Quantification of active micro-organisms
• 3.3 Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis
  • 3.3.1 Molecular analysis
  • 3.3.2 Crystalline inclusions containing delta-endotoxin
• 3.4 Identification of fungi and actinomycetes
• 3.5 Detection of contaminating bacteria

4 Discussion

• 4.1 Quantification of active micro-organisms and comparison to available information on abundance
  • 4.1.1 Bacillus thuringiensis
  • 4.1.2 Fungi and actinomycetes
• 4.2 Identification of active micro-organisms
• 4.3 Contaminating bacteria

5 Conclusions and perspectives

6 Postscript by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency

7 References

APPENDIX A: Separation of Bacillus thuringiensis spores in microbial plant protection products

APPENDIX B: Identification schemes from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen

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Version 1.0 February 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency