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Mapping and health assessment of chemical substances in shoe care products

5 Critical ingredients

5.1 Identification of critical ingredients
5.2 Substances selected for exposure evaluation

Based on the results of the mapping and analyses performed, this chapter contains an evaluation of which critical substances are contained in shoe care products. The critical substances are identified based on hazard (classification), frequency (in how many products the substances are found) and concentration in the products.

5.1 Identification of critical ingredients

In tables 17 and 18 the results of the mapping are supplemented with information from the analyses. Only substances that are found in amounts of 0.1% or above have been included. In addition, the substances stated unspecifically (e.g. perfume or resin) have been deleted. The classification and limit value in the working environment ^[18] of the substances have been stated in table 17 while the occurrence and maximum concentration in the product have been stated in table 18.

The classification stated in table 17 are the ones which the supplier has stated in section 2 of the safety data sheets.

Most hydrocarbon destillates (petroleum, benzine, certain types of mineral turpentine etc.) included on the list of hazardous substances have only been evaluated with regard to carcinogenic effect (R45) and their ability to cause chemical pneumonia (R65). This means that any other effects must be self-evaluated of the one responsible for placing the hydrocarbon destillate on the market. The classification with R45 is only relevant if the hydrocarbon destillate contains > 0.1 % benzene which is rarely the case. In addition, the health hazardous effects of hydrocarbon destillates with the same CAS-number may vary depending on the origins of the raw oil. The result is that there may be different classifications of hydrocarbon destillates with the same CAS-number.

Some substances have been awarded different self classifications by the suppliers and the following evaluation is carried out based on the strictest of these classfiications.

The hazard evaluation emphasizes the properties that may cause irreversible damage to people, allergenic substances as well as volatile substances or substances absorbed through the skin.

Table 17 shows that 3 substances (D-limonen, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on og terpentinolie) are found that are classified with R43 ”May cause sensitisation by skin contact”. D-Limonen is found in a single product, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is found in 2 ^[19] products while turpentine oil is found in 3 products according to the registered information.

The substances xylen and toluen are classified with R20 ”Harmful by inhalation” and mineral turpentine is classified with R22 ”Harmful if swallowed” and R48/20 ”Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation”. Toluen is contained with 2.5 to 10% in a single product. Xylen is contained with 2.5 to 10% in 2 products according to the supplier safety data sheet. Mineral turpentine (CAS-no: 8052-41-3) is contained in 3 products. The remaining hydrocarbon destillates are not classified with either R22 or R48/20.

Dibutylphthalat is classified as toxic to reproduction and according to the information registered is contained in 2 products. However, contact to the supplier indicates that the products are no longer on the market.

Table 17 Classification and limit values for ingredients

* : Classification as stated in the supplier safety data sheet
**:Exctaction gasoline 100/140 tentative limit value
*** Self classification

From table 18 it can be seen that all except one of the substances contained in more than 10 products are organic solvents or volatile substances and that at the same time they are substances that are contained in large amounts in the products. The exception is a surfactant (stearylaminoxethylat) which is found in 12 products in a concentration of < 2.5%.

Table 18 Occurrence of ingredients

*The 2 products that contain this substance are no longer on the market

5.2 Substances selected for exposure evaluation

Based on hazard and occurrence it is suggested that the substances listed in table 18 become part of the exposure evaluation.

Exposure scenarios for the 3 suggested products will cover both 2 organic solvents that are found in relatively large amounts in a large number of products (propan-2-ol and heptane) and 2 substances that, in addition to being solvents, are dangerous to the health: turpentine oil that may cause allergy by skin contact and mineral turpentine which is hazardous by inhalation. Finally, C₉-C₁₂ isoalkanes are included as they are an organic solvent listed on LOUS: Heptane and meinral turpentineare also listed on LOUS.

Table 19 Substances for exposure evaluation

Fodnoter

[18] At-Guideline C.0.1, October 2002: ”Limit values for substances and materials”

[19] The substance was not found in the one product analysed

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Version 1.0 June 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency