| Front page | | Contents | | Previous | | Next |

Screening for health effects from chemical substances in textile colorants

2 Survey and analysis results

• 2.1 Survey
  • 2.1.1 Decoration colorants
  • 2.1.2 Products for dyeing of textiles
• 2.2 Ingredients
• 2.3 Analysis results
  • 2.3.1 Sample preparation
  • 2.3.2 Analysis results for organic substances
  • 2.3.3 Analysis results for metals
• 2.4 Selection of chemical substances for evaluation

2.1 Survey

The survey of the consumption of textile colorants for hobby use has been performed in a previous project: "Survey and analysis of chemical substances in textile colorants for hobby use" (Miljøstyrelsen 2004). A summary of the results is presented below in an abridged form.

Textile colorants for hobby use is defined in this context as products intended to dye and for decoration of textiles and textile surfaces and that is not intended for industrial use.

Some products for decorating and colouring of textiles for hobby use exist. Fabric printing ink, colorants for e.g. silk screen-printing and batik colouring, Indian ink and colour pens for textiles. There are large possibility for skin contact both during application and subsequent use. For volatile substances a possibility for inhalation during application and subsequent drying exists.

Based on information on production volume and evaluations from the association of manufacturers, importers and distributors of hobby materials in Denmark (The Joint Council for Creative and Hobby Materials) was estimated that in the year 2002 a total of approx. 30,000 kg textile colorant products for hobby use were sold in Denmark.

The study resulted in a separation of textile colorants into two main groups:

• Decoration colorants.
• Products for dyeing.

The two main groups are further separated into five different subgroups divided according to use and effect.

2.1.1 Decoration colorants

This group includes products intended for decoration of the textile. The products are used only on limited areas and thus only in limited amounts. The consumption within this group amounts to less than 20% of the total consumption of textile colorants.

2.1.1.1 Felt-tip pens

The products include pens/crayons with felt-tip (also named textile pens). The felt-tip pens are especially well suited for decoration on T-shirts and cotton fabrics. Different tips are used to obtain different effects and thickness of the lines.

2.1.1.2 Pop-up colorants

The group includes products that after drying "pop up" by exposure to heat. The colorants are used as contour colours and for smaller motives.

2.1.1.3 Transfer dyes

These dyes are transferred from a carrier of plastic to the textile under the influence of heat. The colour is painted on the carrier medium. When the colour is dry a resistant soft film is formed that can be transferred to most textiles. When the motive is fixed it can be pealed off and relocated or kept for later use.

2.1.2 Products for dyeing of textiles

This group includes products intended to dye or apply to larger areas of the textile. More than 80% of the consumed amount of textile colorants are included in this group.

2.1.2.1 Dyes for hand or machine colouring

The group includes products intended to dye/redye textile fabrics and finished articles in washing machines or by hand dyeing in tub. The number of products for private use within this group is limited.

2.1.2.2 Fabric colorants/dyes

The group includes liquid colour solutions that are applied the textile with pens, brushes or similar, for silk screen paint and textile printing. This subgroup is by far the largest considering the number of different products.

2.2 Ingredients

Generally, there are four basic components in a typical colorant product.

1. Binding agents / Adhesives
2. Solvents
3. Pigments
4. Additives

2.2.1.1 Binding agents/ Adhesives

The adhesives have the purpose to adhere the colour to the surface. The products' contents of adhesives vary considerably. In the study, products are included with an adhesive content from approx. 15 to 98%.

2.2.1.2 Solvents

The solvent keeps the adhesive and pigment liquid and gives the product the correct consistency (build). The solvent must evaporate during drying to make the colorant/dye solid, In products such as textile colorants for hobby use the solvent is typically water. The concentration of solvents in the individual products varies considerably. The content of solvents varied in the study from 20% to more than 80%.

2.2.1.3 Pigments

White pigments such as titanium oxide and calcium carbonate are often used to give bulk to the product where the coloured pigment is giving the product its colour when it is to be everything else than white. Pigments are generally insoluble and most dyes, therefore, are suspensions. Pigments are not soluble in water and are adhered to the surface of the fibres by an adhesive, which encompass the pigment particles and "glue" them to the surface of the fibre.

Reactive dyes are especially well suited to cellulose fibres such as cotton where the dye forms a covalent binding (chemical binding) to the cellulose fibre. Acid dyes are especially suitable for the dyeing of wool where the reactive group of the acid dyes (sulphonic acid moiety) binds to the amino groups of the wool.

The content of pigments and dyes in colorant products depends of the colour shade. Light shades contain fewer amounts of pigments and colorants than darker shades. The content varies in the current study from less than 5% to more than 65%.

2.2.1.4 Additives

Several types of additives exist. Often solvents are added as film forming agent to ensure that the film merges. The substances can be butyl glycol and mineral turpentine, which evaporates quickly, or propylene glycol and butyl diglycol, which evaporates more slowly. The content of film forming agents is typically at a level from a few percentages to more than 10% depending on how glossy the surface of the product is. Preservatives shall reduce the risk of growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Surfactants such as tensides, phosphates and silicones may be added to stabilise the adhesive and pigment dispersion and to wet the textile surfaces. Some colorant products are added plasticisers such as phthalates to make the dry product more flexible whereas other products are softened by the structure of the polymer. The formation of certain polymer systems takes place at the presence of a curing agent: typically an amine compound. Finally is mentioned that the water-based products may contain a wetting agent that is often high boiling polar compounds as e.g. glycols to reduce the surface tension.

2.3 Analysis results

2.3.1 Sample preparation

The samples consisted of felt-tip pens, liquid products and powder products. For the liquid products and powder products, the samples are weighed and used directly. For felt-tip pens the cartridge was removed and used as sample in itself. The content in the colour mixture will be considerably higher than in the cartridge.

2.3.2 Analysis results for organic substances

2.3.2.1 Analysis method for quantitative determination of volatile and semi-volatile compounds

A subsample of the product is extracted using dichloromethane added internal standards. The mixture is shaken for 2 hours and left standing for approx. 16 hours. To detect the very volatile components an extraction of a subsample using dimethylformamide was also performed. The mixture was also shaken for 2 hours and left standing for approx. 16 hours. A subsample of the extracts was taken and analysed directly by combined gaschromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by scanning over a wider mass area. Detected components were identified using NIST library on mass spectra and manual evaluation of the spectra. The components that were uncertain for identification are marked with * in the table (table 1). The components that could only be identified to a group are designated a group name. Finally the components that could not be identified are presented as unidentified.

For the components that were detected by the qualitative analysis for volatile substances, the content was calculated quantitatively against external standards when possible. The remaining components were calculated semiquantitatively against external standards.

The analysis uncertainty to components calculated quantitatively (external standard) are 15 to 20% RSD and for components calculated semiquantitatively (internal standard) the analysis uncertainty are estimated to 50 to 200%. The reporting limit: 10-50 mg/kg.

2.3.2.2 Analysis results for organic substances

The results of the semiquantitative analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic substances are based on the product types:

Felt-tip pen Product no. 1

Pop-up colorant Product no. 4 and 5

Transfer colorant Product no. 6 and 7

Fabric dye Product no. 9, 10 and 12

In co-operation with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 8 products were selected for analysis of content of extractable organic substances (GC/MS screening). The table below presents the result of the analysis. The substances marked with # after the name are calculated against external standard (analysis uncertainty 15-20% RSD) whereas all remaining components are calculated against internal standard (analysis uncertainty of 50-200% RSD).

Table 1. Analysis results of organic substances in textile colorants (mg/kg)

-: Means not detected (below detection limit).

*: Means best suggestion for identification.

**: Overestimated due to interference from other substances:

#: Means determined against external standard.

Most dominating are the content of very volatile solvents such as alcohols (e.g. ethanol, butanol, ethylhexanol and methylpropanols), ketones (e.g. acetone), ethers (e.g. n-butylether), esters (e.g. ethylacetate and butylpropanate), and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. C8-C9 alkanes, xylene and methylstyrene). Most products contain these substance types and it is characteristic that they are also contained in water based products. The substances may either be added to the product to optimise the solubility of one or more of the additives or introduced with one of the raw materials of the product, e.g. as solvent.

A number of other – and less volatile – substances is detected also in some products at moderate to large amounts. That concerns for instance phthalates (e.g. diethyl-phthalate), high boiling aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. cyclohexane-derivatives, C16-C17 aromatics and pentamethylheptane), alcohols (e.g. phenoxy-ethanol) and 4-cyano-cyclohexene. The purpose of the presence of these substances varies considerably and may be as surfactants, preservative, dispersants, etc.

In the products, several types of glycol compounds have been detected such as diisopropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol. Typically, these glycols are used as solvents. Caprolactam may be used as solvent in polymers.

Tributyl citrate can be used as emollient in e.g. toners/pigments. Glycerine can be used as solvent but may also be used as wetting agent, i.e. as a component that can retain the water and thus prolong the drying period. Hexamethylene tetramine is used as curing agent in certain products.

Isobutane is detected in the 2 pop-up products. Isobutane is probably used as blowing agent.

2.3.3 Analysis results for metals

Quantitative determination of metals (ICP) was performed by removal of approx. 0.25 g of sample and dissolution with sulphuric acid and nitric acid in a microwave oven at an effect increasing from 250 W to 650 W over 34 minutes. The extract was filtered and the dissolved metals determined subsequently by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis. The uncertainty of the analysis was 10% RSD. Detection limit: 1-2 mg/kg.

The results of the quantitative analysis of the selected metals in selected products are based on the product types:

Felt-tip pen Product no. 1, 2 and 3

Fabric dye Product no. 12 and 14

Table 2. Results of the metal analyses. The results are presented in mg/kg.

DL: Means detection limit.
-: Means below detection limit.
*: Means not analysed.

2.4 Selection of chemical substances for evaluation

From the detected substances, based on classification and detection were selected a number of substances for further evaluation of a potential health risk to the consumers.

Of the 63 identified substances, 28 are classified in the List of dangerous substances (Miljøministeriet 2002), further 5 substances could be self-classified according to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification (Miljøstyrelsen 2001). Of the classified substances, 1 substance is classified as possibly carcinogenic (Carc.cat.1;R45 May cause cancer), 5 substances are classified as potential carcinogenic (Carc.cat.3;R40 Limited evidence of carcinogenic effect), and 1 substance as possibly mutagenic (Mut.cat.2;R46 May cause heritable genetic damage). Three substances are classified R42 and/or R43 (May cause sensitisation by inhalation and/or by skin contact) and further 2 substances are in the same category according to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification.

The exact classifications are presented in the table below (table 3).

Table 3. Classification of the identified substances

Click here to see the table

Below is mentioned the substances that had the most rigorous classification and selected substances with a less rigorous classification. Besides, commonly detected substances are included with or without classification. A possible reason for the selection of the substance for an actual health evaluation is presented.

Acetone, CAS no. 67-64-1, is classified F;R11 Xi;36 R66 R67, i.e. Highly flammable, Irritating to eyes, Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking and Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Acetone was quantified in 2 out of 8 samples at 25 and 45 mg/kg (0.0025 and 0.0045%, cf. table 1).

Benzaldehyde, CAS no. 100-52-7, is classified Xn;R22, i.e. Harmful if swallowed. Benzaldehyde was detected in 1 sample at 3.6 mg/kg (0.0004%).

Benzophenone, CAS no. 119-61-9, is not classified in the List of dangerous substances. The substance was detected in 1 sample at 8.6 mg/kg (0.0009%).

1-Butanol, CAS no. 71-36-3, is classified R10 Xn;R22 Xi;R37/38-41 R67, i.e. Flammable, Harmful if swallowed, Irritating to respiratory system and skin, Risk of serious damage to eyes, Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Butanol was detected in 6 out of 8 samples at 77-690 mg/kg (0.008-0.069%). Based on classification and frequency the substance was selected for further evaluation.

2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-ethanol, CAS no. 112-34-5, is classified Xi;R36, i.e. Irritating to eyes. The substance was detected in1 sample at 460 mg/kg (0.046%).

2-Butylamine, CAS no. 13952-84-6, is classified F;R11 Xn;R20/22 C;R35 N;R50, i.e. Highly flammable, Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed, Causes severe burns and Very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance was detected in 1 out of 8 samples at 53 mg/kg (0.0053%).

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (= 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol), CAS no. 128-37-0, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances but found on the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification with Xn;R22 N;R50/53, i.e. Harmful if swallowed and Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The substance was detected in 1 out of 8 samples at 16 mg/kg (0.0016%).

n-Butylether, CAS no. 142-96-1, is classified R10 Xi;R36/37/38 and later added R52/53 (EC 2004), i.e. Flammable, Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin, and Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The classification is depending on concentration as concentrations >=10%: Xi;R36/37/38. n-Butylether was detected in 3 out of 8 samples at 11-110 mg/kg (0.0011-0.011%).

Caprolactam, CAS no. 105-60-2, is classified Xn;R20/22 Xi;R36/37/38, i.e. Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed, and Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Caprolactam was detected in 1 sample but as the concentration appears high (1100 mg/kg, 0.11%) the substance is selected for further evaluation.

Cyanocyclohexene (= Cyclohexenecarbonitrile), CAS no. 1855-63-6 and 100-45-8, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances but found on the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification with Xn;R22, i.e. Harmful if swallowed. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 110 mg/kg (0.011%).

1,4-Dichlorbenzene, CAS no. 106-46-7, is classified Xi;R36 N;R50/53 with the addition of Carc.Cat.3;R40 in Directive 2004/73/EC (EC 2004), i.e. Irritating to eyes, Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects and Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 9,9 mg/kg (0.001%). Based on the added classification it is selected for further evaluation.

1,2-Dichlorethene, CAS no. 540-59-0, is classified F;R11 Xn;R20 R52/53, i.e. Highly flammable, Harmful by inhalation and Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The classification is depending on the concentration as concentrations in the product >=12.5% is classified Xn;R20. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 14 mg/kg (0.0014%).

Diethylene glycol (isomere compounds), CAS no. 111-46-6, is classified Xn;R22, i.e. Harmful if swallowed. The substance is detected in 2 out of 8 samples but at high concentrations of 53000 and 6200 mg/kg (5.3% and 0.62%). Therefore the substance is selected for further evaluation.

2,4-Diisocyanato-1-methyl-benzene (= toluendiisocyanate or = 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene), CAS no. 584-84-9, is classified Tx;R26 Xi;R36/37/38 Carc3;R40 R42/43 R52/53, i.e. Very toxic by inhalation, Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin, Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects, May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact, and Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as:

Conc.>=20%: Tx;R26 Xi;R36/37/38 Carc3;R40 R42/43

7%<=conc.<20%: Tx;R26 Carc3;R40 R42/43

1%<=conc.<7%: T;R23 Carc3;R40 R42/43

0,1%<=conc.<1%: Xn;R20 R42.

The substance was detected in 1 sample at low concentration close to the detection limit (3.2 mg/kg or 0.0003%). Thus despite of the rigorous classification the substance is not selected for further evaluation.

Diisopropylene glycol (=1,1'-oxydipropan-2-ol), CAS no. 110-98-5, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances. However, as diisopropylene glycol is detected in 6 out of 8 samples at 390-5000 mg/kg (0.04-0.5%) the substance is selected for further evaluation.

1,3-Dimethyl-benzene (= m-xylene), CAS no. 108-38-3, is classified R10 Xn;R20/21 Xi;R38, i.e. Flammable, Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin, and Irritating to skin. The substance was detected in 1 sample at 12 mg/kg (0.0012%).

1,4-Dioxane, CAS no. 123-91-1, is classified F;R11-19 Xi;R36/37 Carc3;R40 R66, i.e. Highly flammable, May form explosive peroxides, Irritating to eyes and respiratory system, Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects, and Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. The substance was detected in 2 products. The substance occurred at low concentration 4.7 and 11 mg/kg (i.e. <0.0011%) but due to the rigorous classification the substance was selected for further evaluation.

Ethylbenzene, CAS no. 100-41-4, is classified F;R11 Xn;R20, i.e. Highly flammable and Harmful by inhalation. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as concentrations >=25%: Xn;R20. The substance was detected in 1 sample at 19 mg/kg (0.0019%).

Glycerine (=1,2,3-propanetriol), CAS no. 56-81-5, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances. As glycerine occurs in 2 samples at high concentrations of 11000 and 27000 mg/kg (1.1 and 2.7%) the substance is included for further evaluation.

Hexamethylentetramine (= Methenamine), CAS no. 100-97-0, is classified F;R11 R42/43, i.e. Highly flammable and May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. The substance was detected in 6 out of 8 samples at 11-860 mg/kg (0.001-0.086%). Due to frequency and classification the substance is selected for further evaluation.

Isobutane, CAS no. 75-28-5, is classified Fx;R12, i.e. Extremely flammable. With a content >= 0.1 % butadiene (203-450-8) also Carc1;R45 Mut2;R46, i.e. May cause cancer and May cause heritable genetic damage. The substance was detected in 2 samples at 2000 and 3500 mg/kg (0.2 and 0.35%). Butadiene was not detected.

3-Isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, CAS no. 4098-71-9, is classified T;R23 Xi;R36/37/38 R42/43 N;R51/53, i.e. Toxic by inhalation, Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin, May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact, and Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as:

Concentrations >=20%: T;R23 Xi;R36/37/38 R42/43

2%<=conc.<20%: T;R23 R42/43

0.5%<=conc.<2%: Xn;R20 R42/43.

The substance was detected in 1 sample at a low concentration of 270 mg/kg (0.027%) but due to the classification it is included for further evaluation.

Isopropyl alcohol, CAS no. 67-63-0, is classified F;R11 Xi;R36 R67, i.e. Highly flammable, Irritating to eyes, and Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 1300 mg/kg (0.13%).

Methylene chloride (= dichloromethane), CAS no. 75-09-2, is classified Carc3;R40, i.e. Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects. The substance is detected in 2 samples at 62 and 130 mg/kg (0.0062 and 0.013%).

1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidione, CAS no. 872-50-4, is classified Xi;R36/38, i.e. Irritating to eyes and skin. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as concentration >=10%: Xi;R36/38. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 740 mg/kg (0.074%).

Parabenes (sum). The parabenes are given as sum. As they are not specified further they can not be evaluated individually. The group is detected in 1 sample at 600 mg/kg (0.06%).

2-Phenoxyethanol, CAS no. 122-99-6, is classified Xn;R22 Xi;R36, i.e. Harmful if swallowed and Irritating to eyes. The substance is detected in 2 samples at 460 and 4900 mg/kg (0.046 and 0.49%).

Phthalate. Phthalate is given unspecified. As they are not specified further they can not be evaluated individually. An evaluation would be strongly dependent on which phthalate referred to. Phthalate is stated as detected in 3 samples at low concentrations (5.2-9.8 mg/kg i.e. <0.001%).

2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl- methyl ester (= Methylmethacrylate), CAS no. 80-62-6, is classified F;R11 Xi;R37/38 R43, i.e. Highly flammable, Irritating to respiratory system and skin, and May cause sensitization by skin contact. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 8.9 mg/kg (0.0009%).

1-Propen-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, tributylester (isomer compounds) (=Tributylprop-1-en-1,2,3-tricarboxylate), CAS no. 7568-58-3, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances but to be found on the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification with R43, i.e. May cause sensitization by skin contact. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 1500 mg/kg (0.15%).

Propylene glycol (=1,2-Propanediol), CAS no. 57-55-6, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances but is detected in 5 out of 8 samples at 36 to 7100 mg/kg (0.004-0.71%) and therefore selected for a further evaluation.

Styrene, CAS no. 100-42-5, is classified R10 Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38, i.e. Flammable, Harmful by inhalation and Irritating to eyes and skin. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as concentration >=12.5%: Xn;R20 Xi;R36/38. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 6.6 mg/kg (0.0007%).

1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl phenol (= 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol or 4-tert-octylphenol), CAS no. 140-66-9, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances but to be found on the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Advisory list for self-classification with R43 N;R50/53, i.e. May cause sensitization by skin contact and Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 24 mg/kg (0.0024%).

Tributyl phosphate, CAS no. 126-73-8, is classified Xn;R22, Harmful if swallowed. The classification is made more rigorous in Directive 2004/73/EC with Xi;R38 Carc.Cat.3;R40, i.e. Irritating to skin and Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects. The substance is detected in 1 sample at 63 mg/kg (0.0063%).

Triethylamine, CAS no. 121-44-8, is classified F;R11 Xn;R20/21/22 C;R35, i.e. Highly flammable, Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, and Causes severe burns. The classification is depending on the concentration in the product as:

Concentration >=25%: Xn;R20/21/22 C;R35

10%<=conc.<25%: C;R35

5%<=conc.<10%: C;R34

1%<=conc.<5%: Xi;R36/37/38.

The substance is detected in 1 sample at 2100 mg/kg (0.21%).

Metals

For quantitative metal analyses, samples were taken to analysis for 3 metals. As the analysis was performed as elemental analysis the nature of the metal compound (organic or inorganic) is unknown.

Antimony, CAS no. 7440-36-0, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances in itself but organic antimony compounds have several classifications. Antimony is quantitatively determined as element and not further identified. Because the substance is detected in 3 out of 5 examined products at 64-84 mg/kg (0.006-0.008%) it has been selected for further evaluation.

Lead, CAS no. 7439-92-1, is contained in several organic compounds that are classified. The substance is not detected above the detection limit.

Copper, CAS no. 7440-50-8, is not adopted on the List of dangerous substances in itself but organic compounds have several classifications Copper is quantified as element and not further identified. Because the substance is detected in 4 out of 5 examined products at 38-2400 mg/kg (0.0034-0.24%) it has been selected for further evaluation.

Summary of selected substances

For evaluation of individual substances the below mentioned chemical substances are selected.

Of organic substances:

1-Butanol

Caprolactam

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

Diethylene glycol

Diisopropyl glycol

1,4-Dioxane

Glycerine

Hexamethylentetramine (Methenamine)

Isobutane

3-Isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate

1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

2-Phenoxyethanol

Propylene glycol

Of metals:

Antimony

Copper

| Front page | | Contents | | Previous | | Next | | Top |

Version 1.0 July 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency