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Naturlig nedbrydning af miljøfremmede stoffer i jord og grundvand
6. Litteratur
6.1 Litteratursøgning
6.2 Litteraturliste
6.1 Litteratursøgning
Litteratursøgningen har omfattet dels en systematisk søgning i internationale
databaser, dels fremskaffelse af nyere relevant litteratur fra biblioteker ved Geoteknisk
Institut og Institut for Miljøteknologi. Desuden er der fremskaffet materiale via
Internettet (www).
Den systematiske litteratursøgning er udført ved Statsbiblioteket i perioden november
1997 - januar 1998. Søgningen er foretaget med Dialog i 16 databaser, jf. tabel 6.1, med
en tidsmæssig begrænsning til artikler fra perioden 1992 - 1998.
For hvert stof, jf. tabel 1.1, er der gennemført en søgning med følgende søgeord:
(DEGRADATION OR NATURAL ATTENUATION OR RATE OR RATES) AND (SOIL OR GROUNDWATER)
Ved søgningerne er stoffernes engelske systematiske navne, trivialnavne i henhold til
CAS-registreringsnumre og gængse forkortelser (fx DDT, MTBE) anvendt. Der er ikke søgt
på stofgrupper, som fx PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
For hver søgning er der foretaget udskrift af de fundne referencers titler. På
baggrund heraf er åbenlyst irrelevante referencer frasorteret. For de resterende
referencer er der foretaget udskrift af abstracts. Efter gennemgang af abstracts er
irrelevante referencer frasorteret. Frasortering er sket af laboratorieforsøg med
begunstigede bakteriekulturer af tilvænnede organismer eller genmanipulerede organismer,
af promoverede vækstforsøg i bioreaktorer og af feltforsøg, hvor redoxforhold eller
substrat og næringsforhold er manipuleret.
De således udvalgte originalartikler er fremskaffet i deres helhed. De beskrevne
forsøg er vurderet kritisk med hensyn til forsøgsbetingelser, anvendte målemetoder,
kontrolforsøg, reproducerbarhed og statistisk bearbejdning.
Tabel 6.1
Liste over internationale databaser, hvori der er gennemført systematisk søgning.
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts: 1978-1997,
(U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Cambridge Scientific
Abstracts; Bethesda, MD, USA).
BIOSIS Previews: 1969-1997,
(BIOSIS, Philadelphia, USA).
CAB Abstracts: 1972-1997,
(CAB International; Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K.).
Ei Compendex Plus: 1970-1998,
(Engineering Information Inc.; Hoboken, NJ, USA).
EMBASE: 1974-1997,
(Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Enviroline: 1975-1997,
(Congressional Information Service, Inc., a Reed Reference Publishing Sompany; Bethesda,
MD, USA).
Environmental Bibliography: 1974-1997,
(Environmental Studies Institute; Santa Barbara, CA, USA).
GeoArchive: 1974-1998,
(Geosystems; Oxon, U.K.).
GEOBASE: 1987-1997,
(Elsevier Science B.V.; Norwich, U.K.).
GeoRef: 1785-1997,
(American Geological Institute; Alexandria, VA, USA).
Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts: 1970-1997,
(American Meteorological Society; Boston, MA, USA).
NTIS: 1964-1997,
(National Technical Information Service, Springfield, USA).
Pollution Abstracts: 1970-1997,
(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; Bethesda, MD, USA).
SciSearch: 1974-1997,
(Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, USA).
WATERNET: 1971-1997,
(American Water Works Association; Denver, CO, USA).
Water Resources Abstracts: 1967-1997,
(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; Bethesda, MD, USA).
6.2 Litteraturliste
Alexander, Martin; 1985:
Biodegradation of arganic chemicals.
Environmental Science and Technology, 18, (2), pp.106-111.
Aprill, W., Sims, R.C., Sims, J.L. and Matthews, J.E.; 1990:
Assesing detoxification and degradation of wood preserving and petroleum wastes in
contaminated soil.
Waste management and research, 8.
Arbejdstilsynet; 1996:
Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer.
At-anvisning Nr. 3.1.0.2
Barbee, Gary C.; 1994:
Fate of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in the Vadose Zone and Ground Water.
Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 14, pp. 129-140.
Barrio-Lage, G. A. et. al.; 1990:
Enhanced anaerobic Biodegradation of Vinylchloride in Ground Water.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9, pp. 403-415.
Benker, E., Davis, G.B., Appleyard, S., Berry, D. A. og Power, T. R.; 1994:
Groundwater contamination by trichlorethene (TCE) in a residential area of Perth:
Distribution, mobility, and implications for management.
In: Proceedings - Water Down Under ’94, 25th Congress of IAH, Adelaide,
South Australia.
Bjerg, P.L., Rügge, K., Cortsen, J., Nielsen, P.H. and Christensen, T.H.; 1997:
Degradation of aromatic and aliphstic hydrocarbons in the anaerobic part of the Grindsted
Landfill leachate plume: In situ microcosm and laboratory batch experiments.
Submitted to Ground Water.
Borden, R.C., Daniel, R.A. , LeBrun IV L.E. og Davis C.W.; 1997a:
Intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX in a gasoline-contaminated aquifer.
Water Resources Research, 33, (5), pp. 1105-1115.
Borden, R.C.; Hunt, J.H.; Shafer, M.B.; Barlaz, M.A.; 1997b:
Anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX in aquifer material.
Environmental Research Brief, EPA/600/S-97-003.
Bosma, T.N.P. et. al.; 1997:
Intrinsic dechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane at an industrial site.
In: Alleman, B.C. og Leeson, A.; In situ and On-site Bioremediation: Volume 3, pp.
155-159.
Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, 1997.
Bouwer, E. J.; 1994:
Bioremediation of chlorinated solvents using alternate electron acceptors.
In: Norris, R.D. et al. (eds.): Handbook of Bioremediation, pp. 149-175. Lewis Publishers.
Bradley, B.M. og Chapelle, F.H.; 1997:
Kinetics of DCE and VC Mineralization under Methanogenic and Fe(III)-Reducing Conditions.
Environmental Science & Technology 31, (9), pp. 2692-2696.
Buscheck, T.E.; O´Reilly, K.T.; Nelson, S.N.; 1993:
Evaluation of intrinsic bioremediation at field sites.
In Proceedings of the 1993 Petroleum hydrocarbon and organic chemicals in groundwater.
Prevention, Detection and Restoration, pp. 367-381. Water Well Journal Publishing Co,
Dublin, OH.
Carmichael, L. M. and Pfaender, F. K.; 1997:
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon metabolism in soils: Realtionship to soil characteristics
and preexposure.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16, (4), pp. 666-675.
Christensen, L. B., Arvin, E. og Jensen, B.; 1987:
Olieprodukters opløselighed i grundvand.
Rapport til Miljøstyrelsen.
Laboratoriet for teknisk hygiejne, Danmarks Tekniske Højskole.
Christensen, L.B. and Larsen, T.H.; 1993:
Method for Determining the Age of Diesel Oil Spills in the Soil.
Ground Water monitoring review, pp. 142-149.
Coover, M.P., and Sims, R.C. ; 1987:
The effect of temperature on polycyclic aromtic hydrocarbon persistence in an unacclimated
agricultural soil.
Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Matter, 4.
Cox, E., Edwards, E., Lehmicke, L. og Major, D.; 1995:
Intrinsic biodegradation of trichloroethylene and trichloroethane in a sequential
anaerobic-aerobic aquifer.
In: Hinchee, R.E., Wilson, J.T. og Downwy, D.C. (eds.), Intrinsic Bioremediation, pp.
223-231. Battelle Press.
Davis, J.W. og Carpenter, L.C.; 1990:
Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride in Groundwater Samples.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, (12), pp. 3878-3880.
Deeley, G. M., Sierkowski, P. and Robertson, J.M.; 1985:
Biodegradation af [14C] phenol in secondary sewage and landfill leachate measured by
double-vial radiorespirometru.
Applied and Evnironmental Microbiology, 49, pp. 867-869.
Dimond, J. B. and Owen, R.B.; 1996.
Long-term residue of DDT compounds in forrest soils in Maine.
Environmental Pollution, 92 (2): pp. 227-230.
Doong, Ruey-an og Chen, Tsu-feng; 1996:
Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane with the amendment of different substrate
and microbial concentrations.
Chemosphere, 32, (10), pp. 2003-2014.
Dörfler, U., Haala, R., Matthies, M. and Scheunert, I.; 1996.
Mineralization Kinetics of Chemicals in soils in relation to Environmental Conditions.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 34, pp. 216 - 222.
Dupont, R.R., Gorder, K., Sorensen, D.L., Kemblowski, M.W. og Haas, P.; 1997:
Case Study: Eielson Air Force Base, Michigan.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 106-111. EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Ehlke, T.A. og Imbrigiotte, T.E.; 1997:
Estimation og Laboraty and in Situ Degradation Rates for Trichlorethene and
cis1,2-Dichloroethene in a Contaminated Aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 149-150. EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Ellis, David E. et. al.; 1997a:
Remediation Technology Development Forum Intrinsic Remediation Project at Dover Air Force
Base, Delaware.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 95-99.
EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Ellis, David E.; 1997b:
Intrinsic Remediation in the Industrial marketplace.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp.129-132.
EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Flathman, P.E. et al.; 1991:
Laboraty evaluation of the utilization of hydrogen peroxide for enhanced biological
treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil.
In: "In situ bioreclamation": Hinchee, R.E. and Olfenbuttel, R.F. (eds.).
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Flyvbjerg, J., Arvin, E., Jensen, B.K. and Olsen, S.K.; 1993:
Microbial degradation of phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote-contaminated
groundwater under nitrate-reducing conditions.
Journal of contaminant Hydrology, 12, pp. 133-150.
Fu, M.H. og Alexander, M.; 1992:
Biodegradation af Styrene in samples of natural environments.
Environmental Science and Technology 26 (8), pp. 1540-1544.
Fu, M.H. og Alexander, M.; 1996:
Biodegradation af Styrene in waterlogged Soils and Aquifer Solids.
Soil Science 161 (12), pp. 846-851.
Goodin, J. D. and Webber, M. D.; 1995:
Persistence and Fate of Anthracene and Benzo(a)pyrene in Municipal Sludge Treated Soil.
Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, pp. 271-278.
Grosser, J.R., Warshawsky, D. and Vestal, J.R.; 1995:
Mineralization of polycyclic and N-heeterocyclic aromatik compounds in
hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14 (3), pp. 375-382.
Henson, J.M., Yates, M.V. og Cochran, J.W.; 1989:
Metabolism of chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethylenes by a mixed bacterial culture
growing off methane.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 4, pp. 29-35.
Hutchins, S.R.; Sewell, G.W.; Kovacs, D.A.; Smith, G.A.; 1991:
Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by aquifer microorganisms under denitrifying
conditions.
Environmental Science and Technology, 25, pp. 68-76.
Imbrigiotta, T.E., Ehlke, T.A., Wilson, B.H. og Wilson, J.T.; 1997:
Case Study: Natural Attenuation of a Trichloroethene Plume at Picatinny Arsenal, New
Jersey.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 85-91. EPA/540/R-97/504.
Jørgensen, C., Jensen, B.K., Christensen, T.H. Kløft, L. and Madsen, A.N.; 1990:
Biorestoration of contaminated soil. Lab. experiments.
In: Arendt, Hinsenveld and Van den Brink (eds.), Contaminated soil '90, pp. 1035-1036.
Keck, J., Sims, R.C., Coover, M., Park, K., Symons, B.; 1989:
Evidence for cooxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in soil.
Water Resources 23 (12), pp. 1467-1476.
Kjeldsen, P. & Christensen, T. H.; 1996:
Kemiske stoffers opførsel i jord og grundvand.
Projekt om jord og grundvand fra Miljøstyrelsen. Nr. 20.
Kästner, M., Breuer-Jammali, M. and Mahro, B.; 1994:
Enumeration and characterisation of the soil microflora from hydrocarbon-contaminated
sites able to mineralize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
Applied Microbiol Biotechnol, 41, pp. 267-273.
Klecka, G.M., Stanley, J.G. og Markham, D.A.; 1990:
Biological Transformations of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Subsurface Soils and Ground Water.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9, pp. 1437-1451.
Lee, M.D., Mazierski, P.F. , Buchanan, R.J. Jr., Ellis, D.E. og Sehayek, L.S.; 1995:
Intrinsic and in situ anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents at an industrial
landfill.
In: Hinchee, R.E., Wilson, J.T. og Downwy, D.C. (eds.): Intrinsic Bioremediation, pp.
205-222. Battelle Press.
Lynch, J. M. & Poole, N. J.; 1979:
Microbial Ecology. A Conceptual Approach.
Blackwell Scientific Publikations.
MacIntyre, W.G.; Boggs, M., Antworth, C.P.; Stauffer, T.B.; 1993:
Degradation kinetics of aromatic organic solutes introduced into a heterogenous aquifer.
Water Resources Research, 29, pp. 4045-4051.
Madsen, E.L., Mann, C.L. and Bilotta, S.E.; 1996:
Oxygen limitations and aging as explanations for the field persistence of naphthalene in
coal tar-contaminated surface sediments.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, (15) 11, pp. 1876-1882.
Madsen, T. and Kristensen, P.; 1997:
Effects of bakterial Inoculation and nonionic Surfactants on Degradation of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16, (4), pp. 631-637.
Martijn, A., Bakker, H. and Schreuder, R.H.; 1993:
Soil Persistence of DDT, Dieldrin and Lindane over a long period.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 15, pp. 178-184.
McNab, W.W. og Narasimhan, T.N.; 1994:
Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Groundwater Geochemistry: A field study.
Environmental Science and Technology, 28, pp. 769-775.
Miyamoto, K. og Urano, K.; 1996:
Reaction Rates and Intermediates of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Water and Soil.
Chemosphere, 32, (12), pp. 2399-2408.
Miljøstyrelsen, november 1997:
Vejledning om oprydning af forurenede lokaliteter. Udkast.
Nielsen, P.H.; 1994:
Nedbrydning af specifikke organiske stoffer i lossepladsperkolatfaner.
Ph.D. afhandling. Institut for Miljøteknologi. Danmarks tekniske Institut.
Nielsen, P.H., Bjerg, P.L., Nielsen, P., Smith, P. and Christensen, T.H.; 1996:
In-situ and Laboratory Determined First-order Degradation Rate Constants of Specifik
Organic Compounds in an Aerobic Aquifer.
Environmental Science & Technology (30), pp. 31-37.
Nielsen, P.H., Holm, P.E. & Christensen, T.H.; 1992:
A field method for determination of groundwater and groundwatersediment associated
potentials for degradation of xenobiotic organic compounds.
Chemosphere, (25) 4, pp. 449-462.
Park, K. S., Sims, R. C., Dupont, R. R., Doucette, W. J. and Matthews, J. E.; 1990:
Fate of PAH-compounds in two soil types: Influence of volatization, abiotic loss and
biological activity.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9.
Parsons, F., Barrio-Lage, G. og Rice, R.; 1985:
Biotransformation of chlorinated organis Solvents in static Microcosmos.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 4, pp. 739-742.
Pavlosthathis, S.G. og Zhuang, P.; 1993:
Reductive Dechlorination of Chloroalkenes in Microcosmos developed with a Fiels
contaminated Soil.
Chemosphere, 27, (4), pp. 585-595.
Rees, J.F. og King, J.W.; 1981:
The Dynamics of Anaerobic Phenol Biodegradation in Lower Greensand.
J. Chem. Tech, Biotechnol., 31, pp. 306-310.
Rifai, H.S.; Borden, R.C; Wilson, J.T.; Ward, C.H. ; 1995:
Intrinsic bioattenuation for subsurface restoration.
In: Hinchee, R.E., Wilson, J.T., Downey, D.C., Intrinsic bioremediation. (Bioremediation
3(1). Battelle Press. Columbus, Ohio. pp. 1-30.
Rügge, K.; 1997a:
Fate of Xenobiotic Compounds downgradient of the Grindsted Landfill, Denmark: An anaerobic
Field Injection Experiment.
Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering/Groundwater Research
Centre. Technical University of Denmark.
Rügge, K., Bjerg, P.L. and Christensen, T.H.; 1997b:
An anaerobic field injection experiment in a landfill leachate plume (Grindsted, Denmark).
3. Fate of aromatic and chlorinated aliphatic compounds.
Submitted to Water Resources Research.
Saunders, F.Y. og Maltby, V.; 1996:
Degradation of chloroform under anaerobic soil conditions.
EPA/540/r-96/509.
Spain, Jim; 1997:
Future Vision: Compounds With Potential for Natural Attenuation.
In: "Proceedings on te Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 137-141. EPA/540/R-97/504.
Steffan, R.J., McClay, K., Vainberg, S., Condee, C.W. and Zhang, D.; 1997:
Biodegradation of the Gasoline Oxygenates Methyl tert-butyl Ether, Ethyl tert-butyl Ether,
and tert-amyl Methyl Ether by propane-oxidizing Bacteria.
Appl. Environ. Microbiology, pp. 4216-4222.
Swanson, M. et. al.; 1997:
Patterns of Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons at Cape Canerval Air
Station, Florida.
In: "Proceedings on te Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", p.173. EPA/540/R-97/504.
Thierrin, Joseph; 1993:
Natural degradation rates of BTEX compounds and naphtalene in a sulphate reducing
groundwater environment.
Hydrological Sciences Journal, 38, (4), pp. 309-322.
Verschueren, K.; 1983:
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 2. ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Vogel, M.T., Criddle, C.S. og McCarty, P.L.; 1987:
Transformations of halogenated aliphatic sompounds.
Environmeltal Science and Technology, 21, (8), pp. 722-736.
Weaver, James W. et. al.; 1997:
Extraction of Degradation Rate Constants From the St. Joseph, Michigan, Trichloroethylene
Site.
In: "Proceedings on te Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 71-75. EPA/540/R-97/504.
Wiedemeier, T. H. et. al.; 1995:
Technical Protocol for Implementing Intrinsic Remediation with Long-Term Monitoring for
Natural Attenuation of Fuel Contamination Dissolved in Groundwater.
Air Force Centre for Environmental Excellence, Technology Transfer Division, Brooks Air
Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
Wiedemeier, T. H. et. al.; 1996a:
Technical protocol for evaluating natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in
groundwater. Draft - Revision 1.
Air Force Centre for Environmental Excellence, Technology Transfer Division, Brooks Air
Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
Wiedemeier, T.H.; Swanson, M.A.; Wilson, J.T.;
Kampbell, D.H.; Miller, R.N.; Hansen, J.E.; 1996b:
Approximation of biodegradation rate constants for monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in
Groundwater.
Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, Summer, pp.186-194.
Wiedemeier, T. H. et. al.; 1997:
Overview of the Technical Protocol for Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons in Ground Water Under Development for the U.S. Air Force Center for
Environmentel Excellence.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 37-61. EPA/540/R-97/504.
Wild, S.R. and Jones, K. C.; 1993:
Biological and abiotic losses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soils
freshly amended with sewage sludge.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12, pp. 5-12.
Wild, S.R., Obbard, J.P., Munn, C.I., Berrow, M.L. and Jones, K.C.; 1991:
The long-term persistence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an agriculture
soil amended with metal-contaminated sewage sludges.
Sci. Total Environment, 101.
Wilson, B.H., Smith, G.B. og Rees, J.F.; 1986:
Biotransformations of Selected Alkylbenzenes and Halegonated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in
Methanogenic Aquifer Material: A Microcosm Study.
Environmental Science and Technology, 20, pp. 997-1002.
Wilson, Barbara H. et. al., 1997:
Design and Interpretation of Microcosm Studies for Chlorinated Compounds.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 23-30. EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Wilson, J.T., Kampbell, D.H. og Weaver, J.W.; 1997:
Environmental Chemistry and the Kinetics of Biotransformation of Chlorinated Organic
Compounds in Ground Water.
In: "Proceedings on the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in
Ground Water", pp. 133-136. EPA/540/R-97/504, may 1997.
Wilson, S.C. and Jones, K.C.; 1993:
Bioremediation of soil cantaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs):
A review.
Environmental pollution, 81, pp. 229-249.
Wing, Michael R.; 1997:
Apparent first-order kinetics in the transformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in
Groundwater following a transient release.
Chemosphere, 34, (4), pp. 771-781.
Yeager, R.M., Bilotta, S.E., Mann, C.L og Madsen, E.L.; 1997:
Metabolic Adaption and in Situ Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Naturally Occurring
Microorganisms in a Fractured Dolomite Aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York.
Environmental Science and Technology, 31, (11), pp. 3138-3147.
Yeh, C.K. and Novak, J.T.; 1994:
Anaerobic biodegradation of gasoline oxygenates in soil.
Water Environmental Research 66, pp. 744-752.
Yeh, C.K. and Novak, J.T.; 1995:
The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the degradation of methyl and ethyl tert-butyl ether in
soils.
Water Environmental Research. 67, pp. 828-834.
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