Brug af regnvand opsamlet fra tage og befæstede arealer

Referencer

Albrechtsen, H.-J. (1998) Boligernes vandforbrug – Mikrobiologiske undersøgelser af regn- og gråvandsanlæg. Miljøstyrelsen og Bolig- og Byministeriet.

Albrechtsen, H.-J., Henze, M., Mikkelsen, P.S., Adeler, O.F. (1998) Boligernes vandforbrug – Den udnyttelige regnvandsressource. Miljøstyrelsen og Bolig- og Byministeriet.

Alholm, J., Duus, U. (1994) Nya hjulspår – en produktstudie av gummidäck. Kemi. Rapport från kemikalieinspektionen. 6/94.

Altekruse, S.F., Stern, N.J, Fields, P.I., Swerdlow, D.L. (1999) Campylobacter jejuni – an emerging foodborne pathogen. Emerging infectious diseases 5: 28-35.

Anderson, J.W., Stevenson, M., Markel, R.P., and Singer, M. (1991) Results of a "TIE" for samples of urban runoff entering San Fransisco Bay. Oceans '91 - Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii 1-3. Ocean technologies and opportunites in the Pacific for the 90's: 494-500.

Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Johansen, N.B., Mikkelsen, P.S., Poulsen, B.K., Rauch, W., Schlütter, F. (2000) Stofkoncentrationer i regnbetingede udledninger fra fællessystemer. Miljøprojekt 532, Miljøstyrelsen.

AWWA Committee Report (1999) Emerging pathogens - bacteria. Journal of the American Water Works Association 91: 101-109.

AWWA Committee Report (1999) Emerging pathogens - viruses, protozoa, and algal toxins. Journal of the American Water Works Association 91: 110-121.

Baggesen, D.L. (2001) Personlig oplysning. Statens Veterinære Seruminstitut.

Balades, J.D., Cathelain, M., Marchandise, P., Peybernard, J., and Pilloy, J.C. (1984) Chronic pollution of intercity motorway runoff waters. Water Science and Technology 17: 1165-1174.

Bannerman, R.T., Owens, D.W., Dodds, R.B., and Hornewer, N.J. (1993) Sources of contaminants of pollutants in Winsconsin stormwater. Water Science and Technology 28: 241-259.

Barbosa, A.E. and Hvitved-Jacobsen, T. (1999) Highway runoff and potential for removal of heavy metals in an infiltration pond in Portugal. The Science of the Total Environment 235:151-159.

Barraud, S., Gautier, A., Bardin, J.P., and Riou, V. (2000) The impact of intentional stormwater infiltration on soil and groundwater. Water Science and Techology 39(2):185-192.

Barrett, M.E., Irish Jr., L.B., Malina Jr., J.F., and Charbeneau, R.J. (1998) Characterization of highway runoff in Austin, Texas, Area. Journal of Environmental Engineering 124(2): 131-137.

Bartkowska, I. and Królikowski, A. (1996) Quality evaluation of storm water. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage:Hamburg, Germany. Eds. Sieker, F. and Verworm: 43-48.

Benenson, A.S. (ed.) (1995) Control of Commicable diseases manual, 16 Ed., American public health association.

Berbee, R., Rijs, G., de Brouwer, R., and van Velzen, L. (1999) Characterization and treatment of runoff from highways in the Netherlands paved with impervious and pervious asphalt. Water Environment Research 71(2): 183-190.

Bermudez, L.E., Wagner, D., and Sosnowska, D. (2000) Mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium Pathogenesis. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 48: 521-527.

Bocci, M, Colsgrande, S.; Montepara, A. (2000) PVC and PET plastics taken from solid urban waste in bituminous concrete. In: Waste materials in construction, Science and Engineering og Recycling for Environmental Proctection. Waste Management Series. Ed. by Woolley, G.R.; Goumans, J.J.J.M.; Wainwright, P.J. 1, 186-195.

Bomboi, M.T. and Hernández, A. (1991) Hydrocarbons in urban runoff: Their contribution to the wastewater. Water Research 25(5): 557-565.

BPS-Centret (1998) Håndbog i miljørigtig projektering. Bind 2, Miljødata, eksempler. Publikation 121. Januar.

Brent, R.N. and Herricks, E.E. A method for the toxicity assessment of wet weather events. Water Research 33(10): 2255-2264.

Bucheli, T.D., Grüebler, F.C., Müller, S.R., and Schwarzenbach, R.P. (1997) Simultaneous determination of neuatral and acidic pesticides in natural waters at the low nanogram per liter level. Analytical Chemistry 69(8): 1569-1576.

Bucheli, T.D., Müller, S.R., Heberle, S., and Schwarzenbach, R.P. (1998A) Occurence and behavior of pesticides in rainwater, roof runoff, and artificial stormwater infiltration. Environmental Science Technology 32:3457-3464.

Bucheli, T.D., Müller, S.R., Voegelin, A., and Schwarzenbach, R.P. (1998B) Bituminous roof sealing membranes as major source of the herbicide (R,S)-Mecoprop in roof runoff waters: Potential contamination of groundwater and surface waters. Environmental Science and Technology 32: 3465-3471.

Carratala, A. and Bellot, J. (1998) Neutralization of Nitrate and Sulphate in Precipitation on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain. Implications for acidification risk. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 104 (3-4): 237-257.

Characklis, G.W. and Wiesner, M.R. (1997) Particles, metals and water quality in runoff from large urban watershed. Journal of Environmental Engineering - American Society of Civil Engineers 123(8): 753-759.

Chebbo, G. and Bachoc, A. (1992) Characterization of suspended solids in urban wet weather discharges. Water Science and Techology 25(8): 171-179.

Chui, P.C. (1993) Urban runoff characteristics of a tropical watershed. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Canada: Seapoint Publishing. Eds. Marsalek, J. and Torno, H.C.: 694-699.

Cole, R.H., Frederick, R.E., Healy, R.P., and Rolan, R.G. (1984) Preliminary findings of the priority pollutant monitoring project of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Journal WPCF 56(7): 898-908.

Crabtree, K.D., Ruskin, R.H., Shaw, S.B., and Rose, J.B. (1996) The detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in cistern water in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Water Research 30, 208-216.

Cutbill, L.D. (1993) Urban Stormwater treatment by artificial wetlands: A case study. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Canada:Seapoint Publishing. Eds. Marsalek, J. and Torno, H.C.:1068-1073.

Dannecker, W., Au, M., and Stechmann, H. (1990) Substance load in rainwater runoff from different streets in Hamburg. The Science of the Total Environment 93:385-392.

Dannisøe, J. and Krogsgaard Jensen, J. (2000) Miljøfremmede stoffer i vejvand. DHI Institut for vand og miljø, Rambøll.

Daub, J., Förster, J., Herrmann, R., Robien, A., and Striebel, T. (1994) Chemodynamics of trace pollutants during snowmelt on roof and street surfaces. Water Science.and Techology 30(1):73-85.

de Luca, S.J., Milano, L.B., and Ide, C.N. (1991) Rain and Urban Stormwater Quality. Water Science and Technology 23: 133-140.

Deletic, A.B. and Maksimovic, C.T. (1998) Evaluation of water quality factors in storm runoff from paved areas. Journal of Environmental Engineering 124(9): 869-880.

Drapper, D., Tomlinson, R., and Williams, P. (2000) Pollutant concentrations in road runoff: Southeast Queensland case study. Journal of Environmental Engineering 126(4): 313-320.

Duke, L.D., Lo, T.S., and Turner, M.W. (1999) Chemical constituents in storm flows vs. dry weather discharges in California storm water conceyances. Journal of American Water Resources Association 35(4): 821-836

DVF (1997) Rapport om anvendelse af regnvand. Vejledning nr.14. Danske Vandværkers Forening.

Ellis, J.B. and Rewitt, D.M. (1991) Drainage from roads: Control and treatment of highway runoff. Report NRA 43804/MID.012. NRA, Reading

EPI-Nyt (2001a). Zoonotiske tarminfektioner. Uge15/16

EPI-Nyt (2001b). Legionella-pneumoni 2000, Uge 36.

EPI-Nyt (2001c) Shigellose 1980-2000, Uge 10.

Fam, S., Stenstrom, M.K., and Silverman, G. (1987) Hydrocarbons in urban runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering 113(5):1032-1046.

Faure, P.; Landais, P.; Schlepp, L.; Michels, R. (2000) Evidence for difuse contamination of river sediments byroad asphalt particles. Environmental Science and Technology 34(7): 1174-1181.

Felding, G., Brande Sørensen, J., Bügel Morgensen, B., and Hansen, A.C. (1995) Phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in run-off. The Science of the Total Environment 175:207-218.

Fisher, D.J., Knott, M.H., Turley, S.D., Turley, B.S., Yonkos, L.T., and Ziegler, G.P. (1995) The acute whole effluent toxicity of storm water from an international airport. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14(6): 1103-1111.

Flores-Rodríguez, J., Bussy, A.-L., and Thévenot, D.R. (1993) Toxic metals in urban runoff: physico-chemical mobility assessment using speciation schemes. Marsalek, J. and Torno, H.C. 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage: 182-187.

Flores-Rodríguez, J., Bussy, A.-L., and Thévenot, D.R. (1994) Toxic metal in urban runoff: physico-chemical mobility assessment using speciation schemes. Water Science and Techology 29(1-2): 83-93.

Förster, J. (1990) Roof runoff: A source of pollutants in urban storm drainage systems? Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage: 469-474.

Förster, J. (1993) Dachflächen als Interface zwischen Atmospärischer Grenzschicht und Kanalsystem: Untersuchungen zum Transportverhalten ausgewählter organischer Umweltchemikalien an einem Experimentaldachsystem.Ph.D-thesis. Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth.

Förster, J. (1998) The influence of location and season on the concentrations of macroions and organic trace pollutants in roof runoff. Water Science and Techology 38(10): 83-90.

Förster, J. (1999) Variability of roof runoff quality. Water Science and Technology 39(5):137-144.

Garnaud, S.; Mouchel, J.; Chebbo, G.; Thevenot, D.R. (1999) Heavy metal contrations in dry and wet atmospheric deposits in Paris district: Comparison with urban runoff. The Science of the Total Environment 235: 235-245.

Gavin, D.V. and Moore, R.K. (1982) Toxicants in urban runoff. Metro Toxicant Program Report No. 2. Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle.

Geldreich, E.E. (1990) Microbiological Quality of Source Waters for Water Supply. In: Drinking Water Microbiology: Progress and Recent Developments, Springer-Verlag, New York.

Geldreich, E.E. (1996) Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources. Hydrological Processes 10: 315-333.

Gjessing, E., Lygren, E., Berglind, L., Gulbrandsen, T., and Skaane, R. (1984) Effects of highway runoff on lake water quality. The Science of the Total Environment 33: 245-257.

Good, J.C. (1993) Roof runoff as a diffuse source of metals and aquatic toxicity in storm water. Water Science and Techology 28(3-5): 317-321.

Granier, L., Chevreuil, M., Carru, A.-M., and Létolle, R. (1990) Urban runoff pollution by organochlorides (polychlorinated biphenyls and lindane) and heavy metals (lead, zinc and chromium). Chemosphere 21(9): 1101-1107.

Gromaire, M.C., Garnaud, S., Saad, M., and Chebbo, G. (2001) Contribution of different sources to the pollution of wet weather flows in combined sewers. Water Research 35(2): 521-533.

Gromaire-Mertz, M.C., Chebbo, G., and Saad, M. (1998) Origins and characteristics of urban wet weather pollution in combined sewer systems: The experimental urban catchment "Le Marais" in Paris. Water Science and Techology 37(1): 35-43.

Gromaire-Mertz, M.C., Garnaud, S., Gonzalez, A., and Chebbo, G. (1999) Characterisation of urban runoff pollution in Paris. Water Science and Techology. 39(2): 1-8.

Grønning, J.D., Nielsen, M.Ø., and Munk Nielsen, O. (1998) Århus Amt Rensning af vejvand i regnvandsbassinerne ved Spørring Å og Astrup Bæk. Hedeselskabet:Århus Amt, Vej- og trafikområdet.

Hahn, H.H. and Pfeifer, R. (1995) The contribution of parked vehicle emissions to the pollution of urban run-off. The Science of the Total Environment 146/147: 525-533.

Håkansson, A. (2000) Combustion chemistry – investigation of liquid and solid fuels. Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers Tekniska Högskola. 1624: 1-49.

Hall, K.J. and Anderson, B.C. (1998) The Toxicity and chemical composition of urban stormwater runoff. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15: 98-106.

Halldin, S., Rodhe, A., and Bjurman, B. (1990) Urban storm water transport and wash-off of cesium-137 after the Chernobyl accident. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 49: 139-158.

Hares, R.J. and Ward, N.I. (1999) Comparison of the heavy metal content of motorway stormwater following discharge into wet biofiltration and dry detention ponds along the London Orbital (m²5) motorway. The Science of the Total Environment 235: 169-178.

Harned, D.A. (1988) Effects of highway runoff on streamflow and water quality in the Sevenmile Creek Basin, a rural area in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina, July 1981 to July 1982. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2329: 1-33.

Harrison, R.M. and Wilson, S.J. (1985A) The chemical composition of highway drainage waters I. Major ions and selectes trace metals. The Science of the Total Environment 43: 63-77

Harrison, R.M. and Wilson, S.J. (1985B) The chemical composition of highway drainage waters III. Runoff water metal speciation characteristics. The Science of the Total Environment 43: 89-102.

Harrison, R.M., Radojevic, M., and Wilson, S.J. (1986) The chemical composition of highway drainage waters IV. Alkyllead compounds in runoff waters. The Science of the Total Environment 50: 129-137.

Hatch, A.C. and Burton, Jr. (1999) Sediment toxicity and stormwater runoff in a contaminated receiving system: Consideration of different bioassays in the laboratory and field. Chemosphere 39(6): 1001-1017.

Helmer, R., Hespanhol, I., and Saliba, L.J. (1991) Public health criteria for the aquatic environment. Recent WHO guidelines and their application. Water Science and Technology 24: 35-42.

Henze, A. and Munk Nielsen, O. (1997) Olieudskillere Undersøgelserapport. Vejdirektoratet i Skanderborg, Hedeselskabet.

Henze, M., Harremoës, P., la Cour Jansen, J. and Arvin, E. (1996). Wastewater Treatment Biological and Chemical Processes 3rd Edition, Springer Publishers.

Hermann, T and Schmida, U. (1999) Rainwater utilisation in Germany; efficiency, dimensioning, hydraulic and environmental aspects. UrbanWater 1: 307-316.

Herrmann, R., Daub, J., Förster, J., and Striebel, T. (1994) Chemodynamica of trace pollutants during roof and street runoff. Water Science and Technology 29(1-2): 73-82.

Hewitt, C.N. and Rashed, M.B. (1992) Removal rates of selected pollutants in the runoff waters from a major rural highway. Water Research 26(3): 311-319.

Hewitt, C.N; Rashed, M.B.(1990) An integrated budget for selected pollutants for a major rual highway. The Science of the Total Environment 93: 375-384.

Hoffman, E.J., Latimer, J.S., Hunt, C.D., Mills, G.L., and Quinn, J.G. (1985) Stormwater runoff from highways. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 25: 349-364.

Hoffman, E.J., Mills, G.L., Latimer, J.S., and Quinn, J.G. (1984) Urban runoff as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to coastal waters. Environmental Science and Technology 18(8): 580-587.

Hoffman, W. A., Lindberg, S.E. and Turner, R. R. (1980) Some observations of organic constituents in rain above and below a forest canopy. Environmental Science and Technology 14: 999-1002.

Holländer, R., Bullermann, M., Gross, C., Hartung, H., König, K., Lücke, F.-K., and Nolde, E. (1996) Mikrobiologisch-hygienische Aspekte bei der Nutzung von Regenwasser als Betriebswasser für Toilettenspülung, Gartenbewässerung und Wäschewashen. Gesundheitswesen 58: 288-293.

Horstmann, M., and McLachlan, M.S. (1995) Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in urban runoff and household wastewater. Chemosphere 31(3):2887-2896, 1995.

Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Johansen, N.B., and Yousef, Y.A. (1994) Treatment systems for urban and highway run-off in Denmark. The Science of the Total Environment 146/147: 499-506.

Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Keiding, K., and Yousef, Y.A. (1987) Urban runoff pollutant removal in wet detention ponds. In: Topics in Urban Storm Water Quality, Planning and Management: Proceedings of IV. International Conference in Urban Storm Drainage. Gujer, W. and Krejci, V. (Eds.) :137-142.

Inderlied, C.B., Kemper, C.A., and Bermudez, L.E. (1993) The Mycobacterium avium complex. Clinical Microbiological Reviews 6, 266-310.

Jensen, K. (1984) Benz(a)pyrene input and occurence in a marine area affected by refinery effluent. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 22:57-65.

Jirik, A.W., Bay, S.M., Greenstein, D.J., Zellers, A., and Lau, S.-L. (1998) Application of TIEs in studies of urban stormwater impacts on marine organisms. Little, E.E., DeLonay, A.J., and Greenberg, B.M (Eds.). American Society for Testing and Materials 7: 284-298.

Johansen, N.B. (1985) Discharge to receiving waters from sewer systems during rain. Ph.D.Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark.

Kapel, C., Saeed, I. (2000) Echinococcus multilocularis. Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift, 83 (8), 14-16.

Kapel, C. (2001) Personlig oplysning.

Karouna-Renier, N.K. and Sparling, D.W. (2001) Relationship between ambient geochemistry, watershed land-use and trace metal concentrations in aquatic invertebrates living in stormwater treatment ponds. Environmental Pollution 112:183-192.

Kern, U., Wüst, W., Daub, J., Striebel, T., and Herrmann, R. (1992) Abspülverhalten von Schwermetallen und organischen Mikroschadstoffe im Strassenabfluss. Wasser Abwasser 133(11):567-574.

Kim, M.G.; Yagawa, K.; Inoue, H.; Lee, Y. K.; Shirai, T. (1990) Measurement of tire tread in urban air by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Atmospheric Environment 24A(6): 1417-1422.

Kjølholt, J., Poll, C., and Kofoed Jensen, F. (1997) Miljøfremmende stoffer i overfladeafstrømning fra befæstede arealer. Miljøprojekt No. 355, Miljø- og Energiministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen.

Kjølholt, J., Stuer-Lauridsen, F., Baun, A., and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. (2001) Biologiske effekter af toksiske stoffer i regnbetingede udløb. Miljøprojekt Nr. 610, Miljøstyrelsen, Miljø- og Energiministeriet..

Kjølholt, J.; Juhl, B.; Poll, C.; Randløv, A. (1996) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metal and organic contaminants. Rapport til Miljøstyrelsen (upubliceret).

Koop, V. and Kaarup, P. (1992) Undersøgelse af stofindhold og rensning af vejvand - Rensning af vejvand i bundfældningsbassin og sandfilter. Teknisk Rapport. Århus Amt, Miljøkontoret. ISBN 87-7295-361-6.

Kothary, M.H. and Baby, U.S. (2001) Infective dose of foodborne pathogens in volunteers: A review. Journal of Food Safety 21: 49-73.

Krein, A. and Schorer, M. (2000) Road runoff pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its contribution to river sediments. Water Research 34(16): 4110-4115.

Krogh, H. (1999) Problematiske stoffer i byggevarer. SBI-meddelse 122. Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut.

Lammersen, R. (1993) The effects of an urban drainage system on receiving water quality. Proceedings 6th International Conference on Urban Drainage: 206-211.

Lau, Y.L., Marsalek, J., and Rochfort, Q. (2000) Use of biofilter for treatment of heavy metals in highway runoff. Water Quality Research Journal Canada 35(3): 563-580.

Lee, J.H. and Bang, K.W. (2000) Characterization of urban stormwater runoff. Water Research 34(6): 1773-1780.

Legret, M. and Pagotto, C. (1999B) Evaluation of pollutant loadings in the runoff waters from a major rural highway. The Science of the Total Environment 235:143-150.

Legret, M., Le Marc, C., Demare, D., and Colandini, V. (1995) Heavy metal pollution in a detention pond receiving highway run-off. Environmental Technology 16:1049-1060.

Legret, M., Nicollet, M., Miloda, P., Colandini, V., and Raimbault, G. (1999A) Simultation of heavy metal pollution from stormwater infiltration through a porous pavement with resevoir structure. Water Science and Techology 39(2): 119-125.

Lehmann, N.K., Holm, P.E., Christensen, L.B., and Munk Nielsen, O. (2001) Miljømålinger langs veje - screeningsundersøgelser af jord og vand. Stads- og Havneingeniøren 9: 25.

Leschber, R. and Pernak, K.-D. (1995) Behaviour and fate of pollutants in rainwater seepage. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 59: 33-41.

Lim, C.H.W. and Lim, N.S. (1999) Urban Stormwater collection for potable use. Water Supply 17: 503-509.

Lindgren, Å. (1996) Asphalt wear and pollution transport. The Science of the Total Environment, 189/190, 281-286.

Line, D.E., Arnold, J.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wu, J. (1996) Water quality of stormwater runoff from ten industrial sites. Water Resource Bulletin 32(4):807-816, 1996.

Lloyd, S.D. and Wong, T.H.F. (1999) Particulates, associated pollutants and urban stormwater treatment. Proceeding of the 8th Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Joliffe, I.B. and Ball, J.E. (Eds.), Sydney, Australia: 1833-1840.

Logan, R.M., Derby, J.C. and Duncan, L.C. (1982) Acid precipitation and lake susceptibility in the central Washington Cascades. Environmental Science and Technology 16 (11): 771-775.

Lopes, T.J., Fallon, J.D., Rutherford, D.W., and Hiatt, M.H. (2000) Volatile organic compounds in storm water from a parking lot. Journal of Environmental Engineering: 1137-1143.

Lorch, H.J. (1996) Bakteriologische und chemische Bewertungsmassstäbe für die Regenwassernutzung. Gas und Wasserfach 137: 133-139.

Lye, D.J. (1987) Bacterial levels in cistern water systems of Northern Kentucky. Water Resources Research 23: 1063-1068.

Lygren, E., Gjessing, E., and Berglind, L. (1984) Pollution transport from a highway. The Science of the Total Environment 33: 147-159.

Makepeace, D.K., Smith, D.W., and Stanley, S.J. (1995) Urban stormwater quality: Summary of contamination data. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 25(2): 93-139.

Maltby, L., Boxall, A.B.A., Forrow, D.M., Calow, P., and Betton, C.I. (1995B)The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 2. Identifying the major toxicants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14(6): 1093-1101.

Maltby, L., Forrow, D.M., Boxall, A.B.A., Calow, P., and Betton, C.I. (1995A) The effects of motorway runoff in freshwater ecosystems: 1. Field study. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14(6): 1079-1092.

Marsalek, J. (1986) Toxic contaminants in urban runoff: A case study. In: Urban runoff pollution, Torno, H.C., Marsalek, J., and Desbordes, M. (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Marsalek, J. (1991) Pollutant loads in urban stormwater: Review of methods for planning-level estimates. Water Resources Bulletin 27(2): 283-291.

Marsalek, J. and Schroeter, H. (1988) Annual loadings of toxic contaminants in urban runoff from the Canadian Great Lakes Basin. Water Pollution Research Journal Canada 23(3): 360-378.

Marsalek, J., Rochfort, Q., Mayer, T., Servos, M., Dutka, B.J., and Brownlee, B. (1999) Toxicity testing for controlling urban wet-weather pollution: advantages and limitations. Urban Water 1 :91-103.

Mason, Y., Ammann, A.A., Ulrich, A., and Sigg, L. (1999) Behaviour of heavy metals, nutrients and major components during roof runoff infiltration. Environmental Science and Technology 33: 1588-1597.

McGehee Marsh, J. (1993) Assessment of nonpoint source pollution in stormwater runoff in Louiseville, (Jefferson County) Kentucky, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25: 446-455.

Medeiros, C., Coler, R.A., and Calabrese, E.J. (1984) A laboratory assessment of toxicity of urban runoff on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Journal of Environmetal Science and Health A19(7):847-861.

Mesuere, K. and Fish, W. (1989) Behavior of runoff-derived metals in a detention pond system. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 47(1-2):125-138.

Miljøministeriet (2000) Bekendtgørelse af listen over farlige stoffer. Bekendtgørelsen nr. 733 af 31. juli 2000.

Miljøstyrelsen (2000) NOVA-2003, Programbeskrivelse for det nationale program for overvågning af vandmiljøet 1998-2003. Redegørelse fra Miljøstyrelsen, København.

Montrejaud-Vignoles, M., Roger, S., and Herremans, L. (1996) Runoff water pollution of motorway pavement in mediterreanean area. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Hamburg, Germany. Sieker, F. and Verworm, H.-R. (Eds.): 247-252.

Morrison, G.M., Revitt, D.M., and Ellis, J.B. (1990) Metal speciation in separate stormwater systems. Water Science and Technology 22(10/11): 53-60.

Moxness, K. L. (1987) Characteristics of urban freeway runoff - interstate 94, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Report #FHWA/MN-86/02.

Mungur, A.S., Shutes, R.B.E., Revitt, D.M., and House, M.A. (1995) An assessment of metal removal from highway runoff by a natural wetland. Water Science and Technology 32(3): 169-175.

Muschack, W. (1990) Pollution of street run-off by traffic and local conditions. The Science of the Total Environment 93: 419-431.

Natur og Miljø (2001) Miljøtilstandsrapport 2001. Udkast 08.27.01. Downloaded 09.24.01 fra www.dmu.dk

Nightingale, H.I. (1988) Artificial recharge of urban storm-water runoff. International Symposium, Anaheim, CA: 211-219.

Norin, M.; Strömvall, A-M. (2001) Leaching of organic pollutants from asphalt storages. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Manuscript in prep.

Norrström, A.C. and Bergstedt, E. (2001) The impact of road de-icing salts (NaCl) on colloid dispersion and base cation pools in roadside soils. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 127: 281-299.

Novotny, V., Muehring, D., Zitomer, D.H., Smith, D.W., and Facey, R. (1998) Cyanide and metal pollution by urban snowmelt: impact of deicing compounds. Water Science and Technology 38(10): 223-230.

Näf, C., Broman, D., Ishaq, R., and Zebühr, Y. (1990) PCDDs and PCDFs in water, sludge and air samples from various levels in a waste water treatment plant with respect to composition changes and total flux. Chemosphere 20(10-12): 1503-1510.

Pagotto, C., Legret, M., and Le Cloirec, P. (2000) Comparison of the hydraulic behaviour and the quality of highway runoff water according to the type of pavement. Water Research 34(18): 4446-4454.

Park, R.W.A., Griffiths, P.L., and Moreno, G.S. (1991) Sources and survival of campylobacter: relevance to enteritis and the food industri. Journal of Applied Bacteriology Symposium Supplement 70, 97S-106S.

Parkhurst P.L. and Appelo C.A.J. (2001) PHREEQC. Geokemisk modelleringsprogram.

PH-consult ApS (1990) Bearbejdning af danske måledata af regn og afstrømning. Miljøprojekt nr. 136, Miljøstyrelsen, Miljøministeriet.

Pitt, R., Clark, S., and Parmer, K. (1994) Potential groundwater contamination from intentional and nonintentional stormwater infiltration. United States Environment Protection Agency Research and Development, EPA/600/SR-94/051.

Pitt, R., Field, R., Lalor, M., and Brown, M. (1995) Urban stormwater pollutants: assessment, sources and treatability. Water Environment Research 67(6): 260-275.

Quek, U. and Förster, J. (1993) Trace metals in roof runoff. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 68(3-4): 373-389.

Reddy, C.M.; Quinn, J.G. (1997) Environmental chemistry of benzothiazoles derived from rubber. Environmental Science and Technology 31: 2847-2853.

Revitt, D.M., Ellis, J.B., and Llewellyn, N.R. (1999) Herbicide behaviour in the runoff from an urban catchment. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of Urban Stormwater Drainage, Sydney, Australia: 96-104.

Rieppen, G (1995) Handbuch Umweltchemikalien. Stoffdaten. 3. udg. Ecomed, Frankfurt.

Rogge, W.F.; Hildemann, L.M; Mazurek, M.A.; Cass, G.R. (1993) Sources af fine organic aerosol. 3. Road dust, tire debris, and organometallic brake lining dust: Sources and sinks. Environmental Science and Technology, 27: 1892-1904.

Rühling, Å. (1994) Atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Europe - estimation based on moss analysis. Environment – monitoring. Nordic Council of ministers. 1994: 9.

Sansalone, J.J. (1998) Mediation of metal element partitioning in urban runoff by entrained solids. Water Resources and the Urban Environment :398-403, 1998.

Sansalone, J.J. and Buchberger, S.G. (1997) Characterization of solid and metal element distributions in urban highway stormwater. Water Science and Technology 36(8-9):155-160.

Sansalone, J.J., Buchberger, S.G., and Al-Abed, S.R. (1996) Fractionation of heavy metals in pavement runoff. The Science of the Total Environment 189/190:371-378.

Sansalone, J.J., Koran, J.M., Smithson, J.A., and Buchberger, S.G. (1998) Physical charactristics of urban roadway solids transported during rain events. Journal of Environmental Engineering 124(5):427-440.

Servais, P., Billen, G., and Hascoet, M.C. (1987) Determination of the Biodegradable Fraction of Dissolved Organic Matter in Waters. Water Research 21: 445-450.

Shinya, M., Tsuchinaga, T., Kitano, M., Yamada, Y., and Ishikawa, M. (2000) Characterization of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban highway runoff. Water Science and Technology 42(7-8):201-208.

Shu, P. and Hirner, A.V. (1997) Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe und Alkane in Niederschlägen und Dachabflüssen. Vom Wasser 89:247-259.

Shu, P. and Hirner, A.V. (1998) Trace compounds in urban rain and roof runoff. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 21(1):65-68.

Shutes, R.B.E., Revitt, D.M., Mungur, A.S., and Scholes, L.N.L. (1997) The design of wetland systems for the treatment of urban run off. Water Science and Technology 35(5):19-25.

Sieber, P. (1995) Effects of storm water regulations on Colorado Department of Transportation. Transportation Research Record: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. No. 1483:120-127.

Simmons, G., Hope, V., Lewis, G., Whitmore, J., and Gao, W. (2001) Contamination of potable roof-collected rainwater in Auckland, New Zealand. Water Research 35: 1518-1524.

Simpson, D.E. and Stone, V.C. (1988) A case study of urban runoff pollution: 1. Data collection, runoff quality and loads. Water SA 14(4):229-237.

Siverth, R. (1995) Vägdagvatten - en miljöstudie. Chalmers Tekniska Högskola: Institutionen för Vattenförsörjning- och Avloppsteknik. Master Thesis 1995:14.

Skinner, L., de Peyster, A., and Schiff, K. (1999) Developmental effects of urban storm water in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37:227-235.

Smith, J.A., Sievers, M., Huang, S., and Yu, S.L. (2000) Occurence and phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban storm-water runoff. Water Science and Technology 42(3-4):383-388.

Stephenson, J.B., Zhou, W.F., Beck, B.F., and Green, T.S. (1999) Highway stormwater runoff in karst areas - preliminary results of baseline monitoring and design of a treatment system for a sinkhole in Knoxville, Texas. Engineering Ecology 52:51-59, 1999.

Storhaug, R. (1996) Miljøgifter i overvann. Statens forurensningstillsyn: 96:18, Norway.

Stotz, G. (1987) Investigations of the properties of the surface water run-off from federal highways in the FRG. The Science of the Total Environment 59:329-337.

Stotz, G. and Krauth, K. (1994) The pollution of effluents from pervious pavements of an experimental highway section: first results. The Science of the Total Environment 146-147: 465-470.

Strecker, E.W., Driscoll, E.D., Shelley, P.E., and Gaboury, D.R. (1987) Characterization of pollutant loadings from highway runoff in the USA. Topics in Urban Storm Water Quality, Planning and Management, Proceedings of IV International Conference in Urban Storm Drainage: 85-90.

Telang, S.A. (1990) Effects of reservoir-dam, urban, industrial and sewage treatment run-off on the presence of oxygen and organic compounds in the Bow River. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 50(1-2):77-90.

Teunis, P.F.M. (1997) Infectious gastroenteritis – opportunities for dose response modelling. National institute of public health and the environment. Report no. 284550003. Bilthoven. The Netherlands.

Thomas, P.R. and Greene, G.R. (1993) Rainwater quality from different roof catchments. Water Science and Technology 28, 291-299.

Uchimura, K., Nakamura, E., and Fujita, S. (1996) Characteristics of stormwater runoff and its control in Japan. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage:Hamburg, Germany. Sieker, F. and Verworm, H.-R.:55-60.

US EPA. (2001) Protocol for developing pathogen TMDLs. EPA 841-R-00-002. Washington, United States Enviromental Protection Agency.

USEPA (1998) Announcement of the drinking water contaminant candidate list; notice. Federal register 63 (40), 10274-10287.

Van der Kooij, D. (1992) Assimilable Organic Carbon as an Indicator of Bacterial Regrowth. Journal of American Water Works Association 84: 57-65.

Walker, J., Sutherland, P., Smelic, N., Haskins, D., West, G., Hedding, R., Strom, A., Weeks, C., Seidel, J., and Apostolodis, N. (1981) Characterisation of pollution in urban stormwater runoff. Australian Goverment Publishing Service, Canberra:Australian Water Resources Council. Technical Paper No. 60, Gutteridge Hanskins and Davey, Project No. 78/107.

Wenning, R.J., Mathur, D.B., Puastenbach, D.J., Stephenson, M.J., Folwarkow, S., and Luksemburg, W.J. (1999) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stormwater outfalls adjacent to urban areas and petroleum refineries in San Francisco Bay, California. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37: 290-301.

Whiteley, H.R., Licsko, Z.J., and Corsi, R.L. (1993) Quality of stormwater from residential areas in Guelph Ontariom Canada. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Niagra Falls, Ontario, Canada Sept 12-17, 1993, Seapoint Publishing, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Marsalek, J. and Torno, H.C. (Eds.):531-536.

WHO (1996). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol.2. World Health Organization, Geneva.

Williamson, R.B. (1986) Urban stormwater quality II. Comparison of three New Zealand catchments. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 20:315-328.

Wu, J.S., Allan, C.J., Saunders, W.L., and Evett, J.B. (1998) Characterization and pollutant loading estimation for highway runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering 124(7):584-592.

Wüst, W., Kern, U., and Herrmann, R. (1994) Street wash-off behaviour of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrophenols. The Science of the Total Environment 146/147:457-463.

Xanthopoulos, C. and Hahn, H.H. (1990) Pollutants attached to particles from drainage areas. The Science of the Total Environment 93:441-448.

Xanthopoulos, C. and Hahn, H.H. (1993) Anthropogenic pollutants wash-off from street surfaces. Proceedings fo the 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage. Eds. Marsalek, J. and Torno, H.C.:417-422.

Yamane, A., Nagashima, I., Okubo, T., Okada, M., and Murakami, A. (1990) Stormwater runoff of hydrocarbons in the Tama River basin in Tokyo (Japan) and their fate in the river. Water Science and Technology 22(10/11): 119-126.

Yaziz, M.I., Gunting, H., Sapari, N., and Ghazali, A.W. (1989) Variations in rainwater quality from roof catchments. Water Research 23(6): 761-765.

Young, E. S.; Sharpe, W.E. (1984) Atmospheric deposition and roof-catchment cistern water quality. Journal of Environmental Quality, 13(1): 38-43.

Young, K.D. and Thackston, E.L. (1999) Housing density and bacterial loading in urban streams. Journal of Environmental Engineering 125: 1177-1180.

Yousef, Y.A., Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., Wanielista, M.P., and Harper, H.H. (1987) Removal of contaminants in highway runoff flowing through swales. The Science of the Total Environment 59:391-399.

Yuan, C.-S., Wu, D.-Y. and Chen, K.-S. (1997) Chemical composition of acid deposition and its seasonal variation in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Proceedings in the Air & Water Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Air & Waste Management Assoc.

Zhao, J.Q., Yu, Y., and Yuan, W.N. (1999) Water quality of storm runoff from an urban highway. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Sydney, Australia: 1570-1574.

Zobrist, J., Müller, S.R., Ammann, A., Bucheli, T.D., Mottier, V., Ochs, M., Schoenenberger, R., Eugster, J., and Boller, M. (2000) Quality of roof runoff for groundwater infiltration. Water Research 34(5): 1455-1462.

 



Version 1.0 Februar 2004, © Miljøstyrelsen.