Adskillelse af effekter af herbicider og kvælstof på vegetation og leddyr i hegn og græslandsvegetation

5 Litteratur

Agger, P. and Brandt, J. 1988. Dynamics of small Biotopes in Danish agricultural landscapes. Landscape Ecology 1: 227-240.

Agger, P., Andersen, K.B., Primdahl, J. & Petersen, E.H. 1999. Natur og Landbrug. Temarapport nr. 1/1999, Naturrådet.

Agger, P., Christensen, P., Reenberg, A. Aaby, B. 2002. Det fede landskab – landbrugets næringsstoffer og naturens tålegrænser. Vismandsrapport 2002. Naturrådet.

Ahnström, J. 2002. Ekologisk lantbruk och biologisk mångfald - en litteraturgenomgång. SLU, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala.

Allen, S.E. 1989. Chemical analysis of ecological material, 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Andersen, A. G., Boesen, D. F., Holmen, K., Jacobsen, N., Lewinsky, J., Mogensen, G., Rasmussen, K., & Rasmussen, L. 1976. Den Danske Mosflora 1. Bladmosser Gyldendal, København.

Andreasen, C., Stryhn, H., & Streibig, J. C. 1996. Decline of the flora in Danish arable fields. Journal of Applied Ecology 33, 619-626.

Aude, E., Tybirk, K., & Pedersen, M. B. 2003. Vegetation and diversity of conventional and organic hedgerows. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 99(1-3): 135-147.

Aude, E., Tybirk, K., Michelsen, A., Ejrnæs, R., Hald, A.B., Mark, S. In press. Conservation value of spontaneous vegetation in hedgerows – does organic farming make a difference? Biological Conservation.

Bak, J., Tybirk, K., Gundersen, P. Asman, W.A.H., Jensen, J.P. & Conley, D. 1999. Natur- og miljøeffekter af ammoniak. Ammoniakfordampning – redegørelse nr. 3. DJF/DMU rapport, 66 pp.

Barr, C. J., Britt, C. P., Sparks, T. H. 1995. Hedgerow management and wildlife. A review of research on the effects of hedgerow management and adjacent land on biodiversity. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology and ADAS. 125 pp.

Baundry, J., Bunce, R. G. H., & Burel, F. 2000. Hedgerows: An international perspective on their origin, function and management. Journal of Environmental Management 60, 7-22.

Bicheludvalget 1999. Rapport om Miljø og sundhed. Miljø- og Energimisteriet.

Boatman, N. D., Blake, K. A., Aebisher, N. J., & Sotherton, N. W.1994. Factors affecting the herbaceous flora of hedgerows on arable farms and its value as wildlife habitat. In Hedgerow management and nature conservation, eds. T. A. Watt & G. P. Buckley, pp. 33-46. Wye College Press, London.

Bobbink, R., Hornung,M. & Roelofs, J.G.M. 1998. The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation. Journal of Ecology 86: 717-738.

Borchard, C.H., Legendre, P. & Drapeau, P., 1992. Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73(3): 1045-1055.

Boutin, C. & Jobin, B. 1998. Intensity of agricultural practices and effects on adjacent habitats. Ecological Applications 8: 544-557.

Boutin, C. & Rogers, C. A. 2000. Pattern of Sensitivity of Plant Species to Various Herbicides - an Analysis With Two Databases. Ecotoxicology 9: 255-271.

Boutin, C. Elmegaard, N. & Kjær, C. in prep. Patterns of terrestrial plant sensitivities to six herbicides with different modes of action.

Boutin, C., Jobin, B., Belanger, L., Baril, A. and Freeemark, K. 2001. Hedgerows in the farming landscape of Canada. In: Barr, C. J. and Petit, S. (eds.), Hedgerows of the world. IALE(UK), pp. 33-42.

Braae L., Nøhr H., Petersen B.S. 1988. Fuglefaunen på konventionelle og økologiske landbrug. Sammenlignende undersøgelser af fuglefaunaen, herunder virkninger af bekæmpelsesmidler. Miljøprojekt nr. 102, Miljøstyrelsen.

Bray R.J. and Curtis J.T. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27: 325-349.

Bunce, R. G. H., Smart, S. M., van de Poll, H. M., Watkins, J. W., & Scott, W. A. 1999, Measuring change in British vegetation. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology & Natural Environment Research Council, Cumbria, 2.

Chiverton, P. A. & N. W. Sotherton 1991. The Effects on Beneficial Arthropods of the Exclusion of Herbicides from Cereal Crop Edges. J. Appl. Ecol. 28: 1027-1039.

Chiverton, P.A. 1999. The benefits of unsprayed cereal crop margins to grey partridges Perdix perdix and pheasants Phasianus colchius in Sweden. Wildlife Biology 5:2, 83-92.

Clarke KR and Ainsworth M. 1993. A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables. Marine Ecology Progress Series 92: 205-219.

Clarke KR and Green RH. 1988. Statistical design and analysis for a `biological effects' study. Marine Ecology Progress Series 46: 213-226.

Clarke KR. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes on community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143.

Cummins, R. P. & French, D. D.1994. Floristic diversity, management and associated land use in British hedgerows. In: Hedgerow management and nature conservation, eds. T. A. Watt & G. P. Buckley, pp. 95-106. Wye College Press, London.

Cunha, A., Power, S.A., Ashmore, M.R., Green, P.R.S., Haworth, B.J. & Bobbink, R. 2002. Whole Ecosystem Nitrogen manupulation: asn update review. JNCC Report 331 (www.jncc.gov.uk).

de Snoo, G. R. 1999. Unsprayed field margins: effects on environment, biodiversity and agricultural practice. Landscape and Urban Planning 46: 151-160.

Dietrick, E.J. 1961. Animproved backpack motorised fan for suction sampling af insect populations. Journal of Economic Entomology 54(2): 394-395.

DFFE 2003. Hektarstøtte og anmendelse af foderarealer. Direktoratet for Fødevareerhverv, København.

Dufrene, M. & Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 67: 345-366.

Ejrnæs, R. 2000. Agerlandets Natur. I: Holten-Andersen, J., Christensen, H.S., Pedersen, T.N. & Manninen, S. (red.), Dansk Naturpolitik. Viden og vurderinger, s. 218-231. Naturrådet.

Ejrnæs, R., Aude, E., Nygaard, B., & Münier, B. 2002. Prediction of conservation value using ordination and neural networks. Ecological Application 12: 1180-1187.

Ejrnæs, R., Bruun, H. H. 2000. Gradient analysis of dry grassland vegetation in Denmark. Journal of Vegetation Science 11, 573-584.

Ellenberg, H., Weber, H. E., Düll, R., Wirth, V., Werner, W., & Paulissen, D. 1991. Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobotanica XVIII.

Esbjerg, P. & Petersen, B.S. 2002. Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in the agricultural fields. Bekæmpelsesmiddelforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen Nr. 58 2002.

Feber, R. E., Bell, J., Johnson, P. J., Firbank, L. G., & Macdonald, D. W. 1998. The Effects of Organic Farming on Surface-Active Spider (Araneae) Assemblages in Wheat in Southern England, UK. Journal of Arachnology 26: 190-202.

Fletcher, J. S., Pfleeger, T. G., Ratsch, H. C. and Hayes, R. 1996. Potential impact of low levels of chlorsulfuron and other herbicides on growth and yield of nontarget plants. - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15: 1189-1196.

Ganzelmeier, H., Rautmann, D. Spangenberg, R., Streloke, M, Herrmann, M. Wenzelburger, H.-J. & Walter, H.-F. 1995. Studies on the spray drift of plant protection products. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin.

Gaun, S. 1974. Blomstertæger. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Grime, J. P. 1979. Plant strategies & vegetation processes John Wiley & Sons.

Grime, J. P. 1988. Comparative Plant Ecology. A functional approach to common British species Unwin Hyman, London.

Haddad, N.M., Haarstad, J. & Tilman, D. 2000. The effects of long-term nitrogen loading on grassland insect communities. Oecologia 124: 73-84.

Hald A.B., Reddersen J. 1990. Fugleføde i kornmarker – insekter og vilde planter. Undersøgelser på konventionelle og økologiske landbrug 1987-88. Miljøprojekt nr. 125, Miljøstyrelsen.

Hald, A. B. , Nielsen, B.O., Samsøe-Petersen, L., Hansen, K., Elmegaard, N & Kjølholt, J. 1988, Sprøjtefri randzoner i kornmarker. Miljøprojekt nr. 103, Miljøstyrelsen.

Hald, A. B. 1998, Sustainable agriculture and nature values - using Vejle county as study area. Faglig Rapport fra DMU nr. 222.

Hald, A. B. 1999. Weed vegetation (wild flora) of long established organic versus conventional cereal fields in Denmark. Annals of Applied Biology 134: 307-314.

Hald, A.B., Pontoppidan, H., Reddersen, J. & Elbek-Pedersen, H. 1994. Sprøjtefrie randzoner i sædskiftemarker. Bekæmpelsesmiddelforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 6.

Hansen, K. 1993. Dansk feltflora. Gyldendalske boghandel, Nordisk Forlag, Copenhagen.

Hansen, V. 1927. Biller VII. Bladbiller og Bønnebiller. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hansen, V. 1951. Biller XV. Rovbiller 1. del. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hansen, V. 1952. Biller XVI. Rovbiller 2. del. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hansen, V. 1954. Biller XVII. Rovbiller 3. del. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hansen, V. 1965. Biller XXI. Snudebiller. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hansen, V. 1968. Biller XXIV. Sandspringere og Løbebiller. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Hegarty, C. A., McAdam, J. H., & Cooper, A. 1994. Factors influencing the plant species composition of hedges - implications for management in environmentally sensitive areas. Boatman, N. (Ed.) Field margins: integrating agriculture and conservation. Monograph No 58, 227-234. Surrey, BCPC Publications.

Hill, M. O. 1979. DECORANA - A FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Ithaca, New York, Cornell University.

Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondance analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47-58.

Hubbard, C. E. 1984. Grasses. A guide to their structure, identification, uses and distribution in the British Isles Penguin Books.

Jacquemyn, H., Brys, R. & Hermy, M. 2003. Short-term effects of different management regimes on the response of calcareous grassland vegetation to increased nitrogen. Biological Conservation, 111: 137-147.

Jensen, A.-M. M. & Johnsen, I. 2003. Wild Flora. I: Navntoft, S., Esbjerg, P., Jensen, A.M. M., Johnsen, I. & Petersen, B.S. 2003. Flora and fauna changes during conversion from conventional to organic farming. Pesticides Research 74, pp 17-31.

Jensen-Haarup, AC. 1912. Tæger. Danmarks Fauna. GEC Gad, København.

Jongman, R.H.G., ter Braak, C.J.F. & van Tonbgeren, O.F.R. 1987. Data analysis in community and landscpae ecology. Pudoc. Wageningen.

Kedrowski, R.A. 1983. Extraction and analysis of nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon fractions in plant material. Journal of Plant Nutrition 6: 989-1011.

Kleijn, D. & Snoeijing, I. J. 1997. Field boundary vegetation and the effect of agrochemical drift: botanical change caused by low levels of herbicide and fertilizer. Journal of Applied Ecology 34: 1413-1425.

Kleijn, D. & Verbeek, M. 2000. Factors affecting the species composition of arable field boundary vegetation. Journal of Applied Ecology 37: 256-266.

Koricheva, J., Mulder, C.P.H., Schmid, B., Joshi, J. & Huss-Danell, K. 2000. Numerical responses of different trophic groups of invertebrates to manipulation of plant diversity in grasslands. Oecologia 125, 271-282.

Kristensen, I.S. Halberg, N Nielsen,A.H. Dalgaard, R. og Hutchings, N. 2003 Agricultural Nutrient management in Denmark with special reference to intensive dairy farming http://www.agrsci.dk/jbs/isk/DK_country_report_partII.pdf.

Kudsk, P. pers. komm. Seniorforsker, DJF.

Lagerlöf, J. & Wallin, H. 1993. The abundance of arthropods along two field margins with different types of vegetation composition: an experimental study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 43: 141-154.

Le Coeur, D., Baundry, J., Burel, F., & Thenail, C. 2002. Why and how we should study field boudary biodiversity in an agrarian landscape context. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 89: 23-40.

LI-COR 1991. LI-COR radiation Sensor instruction manual. LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska.

Lid, J. 1987. Norsk, svensk, finsk flora. Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo.

Mackey, R.L. & Currie, D.J. 2000. A re-examination of the expected effects of disturbance on diversity. Oikos 88: 483-493.

Mäder, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P., & Niggli, U. 2002. Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming. Science 296, 1694-1697.

Marrs, R. H., Frost, A. J., Plant, R. A., & Lunnis, P. 1993. Determination of buffer zones to protect seedlings of nontarget plants from the effects of glyphosate spray drift. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 45: 283-293.

Marrs, R.H., Williams, C. T., Frost, A. J., & Plant, R. A. 1989. Assessment of the effects of herbicide spray drift on a range of plant species of conservation interest. Environmental Pollution 59: 71-86.

Marshall, J., Baudry, J., Burel, F., Joenje, W., Gerowitt, B., Paoletti, M., Thomas, G., Kleijn, D., Le Coeur, D., & Moonen, C. 2002. Field boundary habitats for wildlife, crop and environmental protection. ed. Landscape ecology in agroecosystems management, pp. 219-247. CSR Press.

McAdam, J. H., Bell, A. C., & Henry, T. 1994. Field margin flora and fauna changes in response to grassland management practices. Boatman, N. (ed.) Field margins: integrating agriculture and conservation. Monograph No 58, 153-158. 1994. Surrey, BCPC Publications.

McCollin, D. 2000. Editorial: Hedgerow policy and protection - changing paradigms and the conservation ethic. Journal Of Environmental Management 60: 3-6.

McCune, B. and Mefford, M. J. 1999. PC-ORD for windows. Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA, MjM Software.

Mead, R. 1990. The design of experiments. Statistical principles for practical application. University Press, Cambridge.

Milchunas, D. G. & Lauenroth, W. K. 1995. Inertia in plant community structure: State changes after cessation of nutrient-enrichment stress. Ecological Applications 5, 452-458.

Miljøstyrelsen 1999. Rammer for vurdering af plantebeskyttelsesmidler. WWW.mst.dk.

Mineau, P. & A. McLaughlin 1996. Conservation of Biodiversity Within Canadian Agricultural Landscapes - Integrating Habitat For Wildlife. Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics 9(2): 93-113.

Montgomery, D. 1984. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley, 2nd ed., p. 209.

Navntoft, S. & Esbjerg, P. 2003. Arthropods. I: Navntoft, S., Esbjerg, P., Jensen, A.M. M., Johnsen, I. & Petersen, B.S. 2003. Flora and fauna changes during conversion from conventional to organic farming. Pesticides Research 74, s. 33-50.

Navntoft, S., Esbjerg, P., Jensen, A.M. M., Johnsen, I. & Petersen, B.S. 2003. Flora and fauna changes during conversion from conventional to organic farming. Pesticides Research 74.

Nordby, A. % Skuterud, R. 1975. The effects of broom height, working pressure and wind speed on spray drift. Weed Research 14, 385-95.

Odderskær P., Prang. A., Elmegaard N., Nørmark Andersen P. 1997. Skylark reproduction in pesticide treated and untreated fields. Bekæmpelsesmiddelforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 32.

Økland, R. & Eilertsen, O. 1994. Canonical Correspondence Analysis with variation partitioning: some comments and an Aplication. Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 117-126.

Økland, R. 1990. Vegetation Ecology: Theory, Methods and Applications with reference to Fennoscandia. Sommerfeltia Supplement 1: 1-233.

Pedersen, A. & Schou, J. C. 1988. Nordiske brombær (Rubus sect. Rubus. sect Corylifolii og sect Caesii) Aarhus University Press. AaU reports. Botanical Institute, Aarhus University. Aarhus.

Petersen, S. 2003. Effekten af økologisk jordbrug på vegetation og fluefauna i læhegn og skel. Specialerapport, Københavns Universitet.

Petersen, S., Axelsen, J.A., Tybirk, K., Aude, E., Vestergaard, P. In prep. Effects of duration of organic farming practice on vegetation in Danish field boundaries. To be subm. AGEE.

Pinheiro, J.C. & Bates, D.M. (2000) Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus. Springer, New York.

Raunkjær, C. 1910. Formationsundersøgelse og formationsstatistik. Botanisk Tidsskrift 30: 20-132.

Ravn, H. W. & Løkke, H. in prep. Biomarker patterns in plants exposed to glyphosate. Manus for Chemosphere.

Reddersen, J, Elmholt, S, Holm, S. 1998. Indirect Effects of Fungicides and Herbicides on Arthropods. Response to treatment-induced variations in leaf fungi weeds in winter wheat 1994-1995. Bekæmpelsesmiddelforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, no. 44.

Reddersen, J., Tybirk, K., Halberg, N., & Jensen, J., 1999. Mere og bedre natur i landbrugslandet. Dokumentation for en bedre indsats. DMU faglig rapport no. 288, 109 pp.

Reganold, J. P., Palmer, A. S., Lockhart, J. C., & Macgregor, A. N. 1993. Soil Quality and Financial Performance of Biodynamic and Conventional Farms in New-Zealand. Science 260: 344-349.

Rydberg, N. T. & Milberg, P. 2000. A survey of weeds in organic farming in Sweden. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 18: 175-185.

SAS Institute. 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6 fourth edition. Cary NC, SAS Institute Inc.

Siemann, E. 1998. Experimental tests of effects of plant productivity and diversity on grassland arthropod diversity. Ecolgy 79(6): 2057-2070.

Smith, A. J. E. 1978. The moss flora of Britain & Ireland Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.

Somerfield, P.J., Gee, J.M., Warwick, R.M. 1994. Soft sediment meiofaunal community structure in relation to a long-term heavy metal gradient in the Fal estuary system. - Marine Ecology Progress Series 105: 79-88.

Sørensen, N. K. & Bülow-Olsen, A. 1994. Fælles arbejdsmetoder for jordbundsanalyser. Plantedirektoratet. Landbrugsministeriet, København.

Stidsen, A.N. in prep. Vegetationen i gamle økologiske hegn. Specialestudie, Århus Universitet/DMU.

Stoltze, M. and Pihl, S. Rødliste 1997 over planter og dyr i Danmark. MEM.

Stolze, M., Piorr, A., Häring, A., & Dabbert, S. 2000. The environmental impact of organic farming in Europe. Dabbert, S., Lampkin, N, Michelsen, J, Nieberg, H., and Zanoli, R. (eds.) Organic farming in Europe: Economics and policy. 6, 1-125. Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Universtity of Hohenheim.

Strandberg, B., Strandsby , E.B., & Axelsen, J.A. 1998. Biomonitering af forurenede grunde ved brug af planter og jordboende dyr. ATV møde, Vintermøde om grundvandsforurening, Vingstedcentret 10.-11. marts 1998. Pp. 265-274.

Strandsby, E.B., & Strandberg, B. 1998. Biomonitering på tungmetal- og tjæreforurenede grunde. ATV møde, Vintermøde om grundvandsforurening, Vingstedcentret 10.-11. marts 1998. Pp. 275-287.

ter Braak, C.J.F. & Smilauer, P. 1997-99. CANOCO for Windows Version. Centre for Biometry, Wageningen, Holland.

Tybirk, K. & Ejrnæs, R. 2001. Hvordan bidrager økologisk jordbrug til naturbevarelse?. I: Tybirk, K. & Alrøe, H.F. (red.) Naturkvalitet i økologisk jordbrug. FØJO/DARCOF report no 9, s. 37-54.

Tybirk, K. 2002. Naturplaner: integration af naturhensyn i landbruget. Flora & Fauna 108(3): 65-76.

Tybirk, K., E. Aude, R. Ejrnæs, J. Reddersen, A.B. Hald, L. Riberholdt, C. Jönsson, J.E. Jørgensen, M. Gramstrup, P.R. Andreasen, L.R. Vind , A. Dalsgaard , N.V. Jensen, P. Odderskær & H. Sell. 2001. Botanical conservation values in Danish hedgerows. IBarr, C. & Petit, S. (eds.). Hedgerows of the World: their ecological functions in different landscapes. Proc. 2001 UK-IALE Conference, Univ. Birmingham, Pp 299-308. UK-IALE/ CEH.

Wagner E. 1961. Heteroptera und Hemiptera. Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Vol 4. P. Brohner, et al. (eds.) Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig.

Waide, R.B., Willig, M.R., Steiner, C.F., Mittelbach, G., Gough, L., Dodson, S.I., Juday, G.P. & Parmenter, R. 1999. The Relationship Between Productivity and Species Richness. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 257-300.

Wilhjelmudvalget 2001.En rig natur i et rigt samfund. 1-68. MEM.

Zobel, M., Van der Maarel, E., & Dupré, C. 1998. Species pool: the concept, its determination and significance for community restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 1: 55-66.

 



Version 1.0 Maj 2004, © Miljøstyrelsen.