Technology Programme for Soil and Groundwater
Contamination 2000

Appendix A

1. Status for field projects
1.1 Status for field projects initiated in 1999
1.2 Status for field projects initiated in 1998
1.3 Status for field projects initiated in 1997
2. Desk studies
3. Other projects on soil contamination
4. The following projects have been published
5. Expert secretaries

At the end of 1996, the Technology Development Pool was established as part of the organisational changes carried out within the deposit/landfill area. In December 1996, the Danish EPA prepared a programme for this programme, which is described in more detail in om affaldsdepotområdet 1996 (Redegørelse fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 2 1997). [The Waste Deposit Report 1996 (Danish EPA Report No. 2, 1997)]. The Waste Deposit Report 1997 features a description of the extension of the programme with areas of special interest and project proposals for 1998 and 1999 (Redegørelse fra Miljørstyrelsen nr. 1 1998) [The Danish EPA Report No. 1, 1998].

This section provides a status report on the activities initiated since the launch of this programme in December 1996.

1. Status for field projects

The objective of the field projects is to test and create documentation for the methods under Danish conditions and in particular to assess whether the targets are being achieved. When testing these methods, specific requirements are stipulated with regard to preliminary surveys and preliminary tests to dimension and design plants. On the basis of tests, prognoses are prepared for remediation work, especially regarding duration and required remediation. Before the remedial measures are initiated, a detailed description must be made of a process of regular operation control and final documentation of the remediation. It is expected that better documentation, etc., will result in new ideas on how to develop and optimise methods.

Passive vapour extraction. Allerød, County of Frederiksborg.

Support has been granted for documentation of passive vapour extraction at a site with an unsaturated zone consisting of sedimentary sand deposits with a thickness of approximately five metres, situated underneath a layer of moraine clay with a thickness of ten metres. Passive vacuum-vapour extraction is a technique which utilises the natural pressure gradients between the atmosphere and the unsaturated zone to force the pore air up to terrain level. In the USA, special boring caps called 'BaronBall' have been developed, which allows the pore air to escape from borings exclusively. This project will examine how these gradients can be used for preventing/remediating contamination of groundwater resources. The method is deemed to be particularly useful in cases where active vapour-extraction methods are no longer effective. The passive vacuum-vapour extraction has been established.

Passive vapour extraction. Askov, County of Ribe.

Support has been granted for testing passive vapour extraction at a site with an unsaturated zone consisting of sedimentary sand deposits with a thickness of approximately 20 metres, situated underneath a layer of moraine clay with a thickness of ten metres. Monitoring will be initiated in the beginning of the year 2000.

Passive vapour extraction. Fakse, County of Storstrøm.

Support has been granted to test passive vapour extraction at a site with a layer of fissured lime with a thickness of approximately 25 metres, situated underneath a covering layer of moraine clay with a thickness of 12 metres, in which approximately two to four metres of dry gravel is embedded. As a supplement to passive vapour extraction, tests are also being carried out of a vacuum-vapour extraction system based on renewable energy sources (from the sun and wind).

Phyto remediation The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites, Rønnede, County of Storstrøm.

Support has been granted for testing phytoremediation of contamination from oil and petrol. The site has been selected because the contamination is clearly demarcated and because of the opportunities for examining the effect of this method on groundwater. A mixture of willow and poplar was planted at the site in spring 1999.

Phytoremediation. Allerød, County of Frederiksborg.

Support has been granted to test phytoremediation of oil and tar contamination. The site has been selected due to the heterogeneous contamination and because of the opportunities for testing the effect of this method on groundwater. The site has been registered as a landfill. There is extensive oil contamination and less extensive, but heavy, tar contamination. A mixture of willow and poplar was planted at the site in spring 1999; the trees planted within the tar-contaminated areas were inoculated with common bacteria.

Phytoremediation. Valbyparken, Municipality of Copenhagen.

Support has been granted to test phytoremediation at a site which was previously a landfill which was also used for sludge deposits. The site was selected because it has been contaminated by various oil types and PAH and because of the opportunities for testing the effect of this method on groundwater. A mixture of willow and poplar was planted at the site in spring 1999; some of the trees planted were inoculated with natural bacteria, while others were not.

Phytoremediation. Road-shoulder soil, County of Vejle.

This project has been selected because road-shoulder soil presents a general disposal problem. This project involves extracted road-shoulder soil contaminated with relatively heavy oil products. The county authorities have identified four batches of soil, which either have been or will be deposited in windrows/banks. A preliminary survey of the degree of contamination of the soil is currently being carried out. Relevant soil batches/banks will then be selected for planting.

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by metal. Valbyparken (Municipality of Copenhagen), Kibæk (County of Ringkøbing), Aakirkeby (County of Bornholm), and Kauslunde (County of Funen).

The four sites were selected because they have different types of metal contamination. In 1998, prior approval was granted to initiate field projects at these sites if a preliminary survey (greenhouse testing) showed potential for remediation. This preliminary project has shown that there is no immediate basis for initiating phytoremediation at some of the sites selected, since the only substance which is absorbed in significant amounts is cadmium, which is a secondary contamination component at the sites. Supplementary analyses have been carried out to determine whether one of the plant types with a large root network could have remediation potential for lead if the roots are harvested as well. It is also being considered whether one of the plants which showed cadmium-accumulating properties is to be grown under open air in order to test cultivation under Danish conditions.

Soil leaching. K.K. Miljøteknik A/S.

K.K. Miljøteknik has a temporary environmental authorisation for using a soil-washing plant and is carrying out a full-scale test on remediation on e.g. soil contaminated by metal. Support has been granted for testing of soil washing at the plant with K.K. Miljøteknik in Rødby. The objective of this project is to test soil-washing techniques on a large scale on various soil types and different contamination types, especially combined contamination, metal contamination, and tar contamination.

Modified stripping. Askov, County of Ribe.

A large site in Askov has been contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Support has been granted to test an "in-well stripping method ", which combines pumping of groundwater by means of the hydraulic-lifting principle and remediation by means of stripping. The stripping system is currently being established, and completion of the project is expected in the year 2000.

Modified stripping. Åbenrå, County of North Schleswig.

A site in Åbenrå has been heavily contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Support has been granted to test an "in-well stripping method" aerator in an aquifer with highly variable groundwater influx and very high contamination concentrations. Among other things, this project is to show the effective radius which can be attained in a low-yield aquifer. The project has been delayed because of unexpectedly large amounts of free-phase contamination which must be removed before the aerator can be installed.

Fracturing. Næstved, County of Storstrøm.

Support has been granted to document the effect of hydraulic fracturing at a site in Næstved which has been contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Two horizontal hydraulically fractured drain and one non-fractured drain have been established at the site. Among other things, this project is to provide documentation for the effect of the hydraulic drains as compared to non-fractured drains.

Field analysis. Alsønderup, County of Frederiksborg.

A new method for determining amounts of passive pore air called Gore-Sorber has been tested at a site which has been contaminated by tetrachloroethylene. This survey shows that among other things, this method is suitable in moraine clay, where traditional active pore-air measuring cannot be utilised. This project has been concluded and will be published at the turn of 1999/2000.

Impact on soil environments from steam injection.

In connection with a technology project in Hedehusene on thermically assisted remediation directed at chlorinated solvents, a project has been initiated for surveying the effects on flora, fauna, micro-organisms, and soil structure. This project is expected to be concluded in 2001.

1.2 Status for field projects initiated in 1998

The following is a brief status report of all the field projects initiated in 1998:

Natural attenuation. Drejøgade, Municipality of Copenhagen.

The current project at Drejøgade has been expanded by supplementary surveys of natural attenuation in the groundwater. The background for expanding the scope of the project is that the results of those analyses which have already been carried out indicate a significant ongoing natural attenuation of the oil contamination found at the site. Moreover, extensive attenuation of tetrachloroethylene to dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride has been identified. This project has been completed and will be published early on in 2000.

Steam injection. Hedehusene, County of Copenhagen.

Support has been granted to carry out a technology project in connection with the County of Copenhagen's extensive remediation by means of steam injection at a site in Hedehusene. The site has been contaminated by trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. The objective of the technology project is to provide documentation for the effect of the use of steam injection as a remediation method, to elucidate any spreading of the contamination during remediation, to elucidate any geotechnical changes caused by the remediation, and finally assessing the total environmental impact in connection with the remediation. The plant is operational and completion is expected by the end of 2000.

Modified stripping method. Ulstrup, County of Viborg.

A large area in Ulstrup has been contaminated by chlorinated solvents. An "in-well stripping method" is being tested in this connection; combining pumping of groundwater by means of the hydraulic-lifting principle and contamination removal by means of stripping. A technology project has been initiated to determine whether this method is more cost-effective than traditional pumping of groundwater and subsequent stripping and the limitations of the method. This project has been completed and will be published in the beginning of the year 2000.

Geo-oxidation. Gram, The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites case.

The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites has established a geo-oxidation plant at a former petrol station in Gram, where the contamination is expected to be removed by transmitting electricity through the soil. In this connection, a technology-development project has been initiated to provide documentation for the effect of use of geo-oxidation as a remediation method, including effectiveness against MTBE, to examine the risk for increased spreading of contamination, to examine the risk of increased emissions of volatile compounds, and to examine the effect of geo-oxidation on chemical equilibrium in soil and groundwater. A sample-extraction round is yet to be carried out, following which a status report on this technique will be prepared.

Reactive permeable walls. Vapokon, County of Funen.

A technology-development project has been initiated to establish a reactive permeable wall at the Vapokon site. The overall objective of this project is to establish a knowledge basis on the use of a reactive permeable wall for remediation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. The reactive permeable wall has been established, and extensive monitoring is currently being carried out.

ORC. Varde, the Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites case.

The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites has carried out remediation of a former petrol station in Varde. The source of contamination has been removed. Some residual contamination in the groundwater remains; it is not possible to remove this contamination by traditional means. This residual contamination does not pose a hazard to the groundwater. Plans were made for removing the residual contamination by means of accelerated/forced degradation by adding an ORC (Oxygen Release Compound). However, more detailed studies showed that the actual contamination situation differed from the estimates made, and that adding ORC was not possible. As a result, the project has been redefined to include an assessment of the geo-probe borings. This project will be published at the beginning of 2000.

Natural attenuation. Radsted, the Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites case.

The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites has carried out a remediation of a former petrol station in Radsted (County of Storstrøm). Considerable residual contamination remains. This contamination does not pose a hazard to the groundwater. The Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites has entered into an agreement with the County of Storstrøm on monitoring that the projected attenuation does in fact occur. In this connection, a technology development project has been initiated with a vie to determining the effect of the attenuation under natural conditions.

Reduction of chromium(VI). Roskilde, County of Roskilde.

A technology-development project has been carried out in connection with a large value-depreciation remediation in the County of Roskilde, where the contaminants included chromium(VI). The objective of the project was to develop a method for reducing the very toxic chromium(VI) to the less toxic chromium(III) in both groundwater and soil. A practicable method for remediation of chromium(VI) in groundwater was developed, whereas this method proved to be less useful against soil contamination. The project on groundwater was published in Environmental Project No. 497. The project on soil remediation will be published early on in 2000.

Petrotech. The Danish Defence Construction Service.

Support has been granted for having the Danish Defence Construction Service test a new product called 'Petrotech' for treatment of soil with oil contamination. The objective of this project is to test whether this project can promote remediation of extracted soil contaminated by oil. The project is to provide documentation for the effect of the product and its limitations, assess any risk involved in the use of the product and provide estimates regarding the cost of this method in comparison with traditional remediation methods. A report is currently being prepared on this project, which will be published early on in the year 2000.

1.3 Status for field projects initiated in 1997

The following field projects received support in 1997 and are still in progress:

Airsparging, soil-vapour extraction. Dry-cleaning business, Drejøgade, Municipality of Copenhagen.

The site is contaminated by oil and chlorinated solvents. A soil-vapour extraction plant and an airsparging plant with horizontal borings were set up in autumn 1997. By the turn of the year 1998-1999, a total of approximately 500 kg oil products, approximately 100 kg tetrachloroethylene, and approximately 10 kg trichloroethylene had been removed. Two status documents have been published, i.e. Environmental Project No. 480 and Environmental Project No. 487.

Soil-vapour extraction. Dry-cleaning business, Waste Deposit 663-15, Ikast, County of Ringkjøbing.

At this waste deposit, which features contamination from tetrachloroethylene, a soil-vapour extraction plant has been established in inhomogeneous sediments. The plant is operational.

Steam injection. Brüel & Kjær, Nærum, County of Copenhagen.

Brüel & Kjær has carried out voluntary remediation by means of steam injection at a site in Nærum. This site was contaminated by chlorinated solvents, as well as by other substances. In connection with the steam-injection project, a technology project has been initiated for a part of the site to provide experience and documentation on the use of steam stripping as a remediation method. A total of approximately 2,800 kg chlorinated solvents (TCE and PCE) has been removed. The project has been concluded and publication is expected at the beginning of 2000.

Reactive permeable wall. Hard-chromium, Kolding, County of Vejle.

A reactive permeable barrier for removal of a groundwater contamination with trichloroethylene and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) has been established. This project focuses on combining remediation of two different contaminants in the same remediation technology. Measurements carried out over a one-year period show good results for contamination elimination.

Iron-filings filtering plant. Dry-cleaning business, Lyndby, County of Roskilde.

In connection with other remedial measures at the site, a reactive iron-filings filtering plant above terrain level has been established which is connected in series with a carbon-filter plant. The plant processes pumped-up groundwater which has been contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The objective of the plant is to test and dimension an iron-filings filtering plant for removal of chlorinated solvents. This removal takes place as a result of reactions on the iron surface. Full-scale experience regarding iron-filings filtering is achieved by carrying out detailed monitoring of removal rates and the governing factors. The plant has been established.

Dual-phase extraction. Dry-cleaning business, Haslev, County of Western Zealand.

Surveys of the site show considerable contamination from chlorinated hydrocarbons, primarily tetrachloroethylene, from a dry cleaning business. Additional surveys and sketch projections have been performed to assess the opportunities for carrying out remediation either by means of soil-vapour extraction or by means of dual-phase extraction. The results of the surveys and the sketch project show that it is probably not possible to carry out remediation by means of dual-phase extraction at the site. The county is expecting to initiate a project utilising hydraulic fracturing combined with dual-phase extraction. A fissure analysis has been carried out on the moraine clay in a nearby excavation with a depth of seven metres.

Accelerated/forced leaching. Hjørring Gasworks, County of Northern Jutland.

In connection with the gasworks programme, a test project was established at Hjørring Gasworks which comprises accelerated/forced washing and circulation of groundwater to increase the microbial degradation of tar substances. This project is being continued under the Technology Programme. The objective is primarily to obtain more detailed documentation for the degradation processes and documentation of how washing and degradation can be optimised. Operation and surveying is currently being carried out.

Elektrodialytic remediation. DTU.

The electrodialytic method for remediation of soil from wood-impregnation sites is being developed and tested. At laboratory level, remediation testing has been carried out of sandy soil to determine process parameters (power level and addition of reagents) and the expected effectiveness. This will be followed by test remediation at a pilot plant of the same soil type as well as moraine clay. The test results will form the basis for a description of various significant soil parameters. The suitability of this method - in-situ and on-site - and the total environmental impact from a full-scale remediation will be assessed.

2. Desk studies

The following desk studies have been carried out during the period since 1997:

Remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. Environmental Project No. 407, 1998. This report reaches the conclusion that it will be relevant to test the following methods: extraction by means of plants, electrokinetics, and soil washing.

Natural attenuation of xenobiotic substances in soil and groundwater. Environmental Project No. 408, 1998. The main objective is to provide an assessment of which substances are considered degradable in nature under predetermined redox conditions. The method used for determining each degradation rate for substances is given, for example, in the laboratory by means of soil-sample tests or batch tests, in situ tests, or by means of field testing.

Thermically assisted remediation. Environmental Project No. 409, 1998. This report describes various methods where remediation is supplemented by soil heating.

Soil-vapour extraction cases from the Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites. Environmental Project No. 421, 1998. This project describes the experience gathered from remediation projects which the Danish Petroleum Industry Association for Remediation of Retail Sites have carried out by means of soil-vapour extraction.

Remediation techniques for groundwater contaminated by MTBE. Environmental Project No. 483 1999. On the basis of a survey of literature in international databases, descriptions are being prepared of the methods which are expected to be usable for remediation of groundwater with MTBE contamination.

Assessment of the pulsed-vapour-extraction remediation technique. Environmental Project No. 491, 1999. This project describes two techniques where compressed air is forced down into contaminated soil or landfill deposits by means of pulses.

Experience from the Gasworks Scheme. Environmental Project No. 492, 1999. This project compiles the results from the five test projects which have been carried out during the period from 1990 to 1993 under the auspices of the Danish EPA 'Gasworks Scheme'. This project provides an overview of the remediation techniques used, the basis for selecting the techniques, assessment of the results, recommendations, and cost.

Remediation methods directed at combined contamination. Environmental Project No. 503, 1999. A systematic survey of possible remediation methods has been carried out to form a basis for assessment of the need to develop methods for remediation of soil with combined contamination and tar/PAH contamination. Soil washing, electrokinetics, phytoremediation, and stabilising have been examined with a view to processing soil with combined contamination, whereas thermic processing, biological processing, extraction, and wet oxidation have been examined to remediate soil with tar/PAH contamination. Finally, the suitability of these methods under Danish conditions has been debated.

Natural attenuation of PAHs in soil and groundwater. A desk study has been carried out on the basis of a survey of existing literature to determine the current status of knowledge on this subject.

LIFE project on environmentally appropriate remediation. The Danish National Railways Agency has initiated a LIFE project (under the auspices of the EU) on environmentally appropriate remediation of 5 sites contaminated by oil and/or chlorinated solvents. Support has been granted through the Technology Programme funds for this project. The objective of the project is to achieve effective and optimum remediation of soil and groundwater at sites which are contaminated by oil and/or chlorinated solvents. This project will see the development of a model for decision-making in environmentally appropriate assessment when selecting the best remediation technique in any given situation. In addition to this, work will be carried out to optimise the remediation techniques used (air sparging, both horizontal and vertical borings, soil-vapour extraction, stimulated attenuation, reactive permeable walls). This project will be completed in 2000.

Development of in situ techniques for microbial degradation of PCB, TCE, and PAH in soil. This project is being carried out as a collaboration between Denmark and research institutions in Ireland, Spain, Germany, and the USA. The objective of the project is to develop a technique which utilises a combination of plant roots and micro-organisms for degradation of contamination in soil. This technique is based on the use of plants with wide-ranging root systems, such as alfalfa and willow, for spreading degrading bacteria in the soil. The types of bacteria selected will normally colonise plant roots and have been genetically modified for attenuation of the organic contamination, which is otherwise difficult to combat.

Fracturing methods. A desk study describing various methods of fracturing has been carried out, with special focus on using these methods in Danish conditions. The results of this project will be published at the beginning of 2000.

Phytoremediation for soil contaminated by oil/petrol. A survey has been carried out of literature regarding the ability of willow and other plants to clean up organic compounds (oil/petrol). This literature now forms the basis for field projects on remediation by means of willow and other plants. The results of this project will be published in mid 2000.

Risk assessment of gas-producing landfills. A project regarding preparation of guidelines for survey and risk assessment of gas-producing landfills has been initiated. The risk comprises explosion hazards in buildings situated near landfills with organic waste which produces methane upon degradation. The results of this project will be published in mid 2000.

Absorption of metals and PAH in fruit and vegetables. A desk study has been initiated in collaboration with the Municipality of Copenhagen and the County of Northern Jutland on absorption of metals and PAH in fruit and vegetables. A series of selected vegetable types are being grown in beds in Valbyparken. These beds comprise three types of soil: clean soil, soil with diffuse contamination, and heavily contaminated soil. Analyses for metals and PAH are being carried out. Fruit which has been harvested in Copenhagen in allotment gardens with varying degrees of contamination is being analysed for metals, and fruit harvested from clean sites and sites contaminated by tar in Skagen is being analysed for PAH. Cultivation and harvesting was done during the summer of 1999.

Assessment of demarcation nets and geo-textiles. An assessment is being carried out of the suitability of the various types of demarcation nets and geo-textiles available on the market for the purpose of separating contaminated and clean soil. The results of this project will be published at the beginning of 2000.

3. Other projects on soil contamination

The following other projects on soil contamination have been initiated under the Technology Programme:

	Spreadsheets for risk assessments. The Danish EPA has issued guidelines for counties and local authorities on remediation of contaminated sites. The methods featured in these guidelines for risk assessment in relation to air and groundwater contain a series of complicated formulae which in practise will be most useful using a spreadsheet. Consequently, a user-friendly spreadsheet tool has been developed.
	Statistic 3D calculation of the probability of finding soil contamination. Environmental Project No. 449, 1999 This project describes a method for calculating the probability of finding soil contamination by means of borings where soil samples are extracted. The approach, process and preconditions are described, and the method is illustrated by means of a sample calculation. This method can be used for contamination which has not necessarily spread from terrain level, and where determination of the location of the contamination depends partly on the location of the borings, and partly on their depth.
	The Danish Standards Association. In collaboration with the Danish Standards Association, support has been granted for Danish participation in the international working group ISO/TC 190/SC 7/WG 2 'Soil quality - Soil and Site Assessment; Characterisation of Soil related to Groundwater'. This working group is currently preparing standards for risk assessment of groundwater. Had Denmark not participated in this project, it is likely that the resulting standard would not comply with normal Danish practise on risk assessments, cf. the Danish EPA guidelines on remediation at contaminated sites.
	The Danish Standards Association. Support has been granted for Denmark to assume presidency and secretariat functions for the international subcommittee for standardisation of the area designated as ISO/TC 190/SC 5 'Soil Quality – Physical Methods'.
	Systematisation of data on diffuse contamination, phase 1. In collaboration with the Information Center on Contaminated Sites, a project has been initiated to collect and process existing data from surveys of airborne diffuse contamination in urban areas and along roads in order to improve general knowledge within this area. This project has been concluded, and the results will be published early in 2000.
	Leaching of organic substances. The Danish EPA expects to issue a statutory order on recycling and reuse of residues and soil. This order sees the introduction of batch-leaching tests as the principle for determining contamination in soil. The data available and previous experience on leaching tests for soil are limited in scope. The objective is to optimise leaching tests and to carry out a survey - both in theory and practise - for these test with regard to organic contamination for a wide variety of soil types.
	Characterisation of soil with metal contamination. The objective of this project is to provide better knowledge of leaching of metals from soil and residues. These surveys are partly to include uncontaminated soil and contaminated soil types, as well as two types of residue. The results are to form the basis for evaluation of a batch-leaching test of the same soil types. Batch-leaching tests form a significant element in the future regulation on rendering soil usable for building and construction work.
	Improving tests and the basis for data. Tenders have been invited for a project to improve knowledge of the factors which affect the results of leaching tests in relation to leaching of trace elements and metals from soil. A series of representative samples of uncontaminated and contaminated soil is to be collected, and more comprehensive data material for leaching of substances is to be prepared, possibly using improvements to this test. By collecting and testing samples of various soil types (loam, sandy loam, clay, and sand), it is hoped to obtain knowledge of background contents and background leaching of Na, K, SO42-,Cl, Ca, As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Al, and Zn.
	Determination of contamination contributions to indoor climates. When carrying out assessments of the need for remediation in order to improve indoor climates on contaminated sites, there is a lack of methods to determine the contamination contributions from soil and groundwater. Situations can occur where remedial measures are initiated to improve indoor climates without any conclusive evidence documenting a connection with the contamination of the soil and groundwater. Because of this, a method will be developed to determine contributions from soil and groundwater contamination to indoor climates.
	Analysis method for PAH contamination of soil. Tests have shown that there is a great need to develop a standard method for analysing PAHs in soil, and to identify suitable reference materials. Moreover, regarding stipulation soil-quality criteria for PAHs there is a need to establish a suitable method of analysis so that the soil-quality criteria for PAHs are related to a given method of analysis. The objective of this project is to develop such a method.
	Processing and presentation of mapping data from the County of Northern Jutland. The European Environmental Agency wishes to collect data on contaminated soil in Europe. However, mapping is being carried out at very different levels within the various countries, and the assessment criteria used are also different. Data from the County of Northern Jutland have been processed in accordance with a predetermined standard form so that the opportunities for comparison can be assessed. Seven other countries are also participating in this project.
	Chemical profile of the composition of oil and petrol The composition of oil/petrol is described. This description is to be used for risk assessment of soil contamination in relation to evaporation and groundwater resources.
	Model analysis of remediation by means of steam injection The objective of this project is to carry out a model analysis of processes and operating conditions which influence the effectiveness of steam injection, and use this analysis as a basis for developing simple and operational models for design purposes.

As of 1 December 1999:

5. Expert secretaries

The following persons have agreed to be expert secretaries:

	Thomas H. Larsen, PhD, Hedeselskabet - air sparging and passive vapour extraction.
	Peter Kjeldsen, PhD, DTU - reactive permeable barrier.
	Bjørn Jensen, MSc, VKI - soil-vapour extraction.
	Ulrich Karlsson, PhD, DMU - phytoremediation.
	Civ. Engineer Poul Løgstrup Bjerg, PhD, DTU - ORC and natural attenuation.
	Tom Heron, MSc, NN&R - thermically assisted remediation and geo-oxidation.