Environmental Project No. 1092 2006 – Fuel use and emissions from non-road machinery in Denmark from 1985-2004 - and projections from 2005-2030

Fuel use and emissions from non-road machinery in Denmark from 1985-2004 - and projections from 2005-2030

1 Emission legislation

The engines used for non road mobile purposes have to comply with the emission legislation limits agreed by the EU. The emission directives relate to both diesel and gasoline fuelled non road machinery, and list specific emission limit values (g/kWh) depending on engine size (kW for diesel, ccm for gasoline) and date of implementation (referring to engine market date).

For diesel, the directives 97/68 and 2004/26 relates to non road machinery other than agricultural and forestry tractors, and the directives have different implementation dates for machinery operating under transient and constant loads. For tractors the relevant directives are 2000/25 and 2005/13. For gasoline, the directive 2002/88 distinguishes between hand held (SH) and not hand held (NS) types of machinery.

For engine type approval, the emissions are measured using various test cycles (ISO 8178). Each test cycle consists of a number of measurement points for specific engine loads during constant operation. The specific test cycle used depends of the machinery type in question, and the test cycles are described in more details in the directives.

Table 1 Overview of EU emission directives relevant for diesel fuelled non road machinery

Stage/Engine	CO	VOC	NO_x	VOC+ NO_x	PM	Diesel machinery			Tractors
size [kW]							Implement. date		EU	Imple- ment.
	[g/kWh]					EU direc- tive	Tran- sient	Con- stant	direc- tive	date
Stage I
37<=P<75	6.5	1.3	9.2	-	0.85	97/68	1/4 1999	-	2000/25	1/7 2001

Stage II
130<=P<560	3.5	1	6	-	0.2	97/68	1/1 2002	1/1 2007	2000/25	1/7 2002
75<=P<130	5	1	6	-	0.3		1/1 2003	1/1 2007		1/7 2003
37<=P<75	5	1.3	7	-	0.4		1/1 2004	1/1 2007		1/1 2004
18<=P<37	5.5	1.5	8	-	0.8		1/1 2001	1/1 2007		1/1 2002

Stage IIIA
130<=P<560	3.5	-	-	4	0.2	2004/26	1/1 2006	1/1 2011	2005/13	1/1 2006
75<=P<130	5	-	-	4	0.3		1/1 2007	1/1 2011		1/1 2007
37<=P<75	5	-	-	4.7	0.4		1/1 2008	1/1 2012		1/1 2008
19<=P<37	5.5	-	-	7.5	0.6		1/1 2007	1/1 2011		1/1 2007

Stage IIIB
130<=P<560	3.5	0.19	2	-	0.025	2004/26	1/1 2011	-	2005/13	1/1 2011
75<=P<130	5	0.19	3.3	-	0.025		1/1 2012	-		1/1 2012
56<=P<75	5	0.19	3.3	-	0.025		1/1 2012	-		1/1 2012
37<=P<56	5	-	-	4.7	0.025		1/1 2013	-		1/1 2013

Stage IV
130<=P<560	3.5	0.19	0.4	-	0.025	2004/26	1/1 2014		2005/13	1/1 2014
56<=P<130	5	0.19	0.4	-	0.025		1/10 2014			1/10 2014

Table 2 Overview of the EU emission directive 2002/88 for gasoline fuelled non road machinery

Category	Engine size [ccm]	CO [g/kWh]	HC [g/kWh]	NO_x [g/kWh]	HC+NO_x [g/kWh]	Implementation date
Stage I
SH1	S<20	805	295	5.36	-	1/2 2005
SH2	20=<S<50	805	241	5.36	-	1/2 2005
SH3	50=<S	603	161	5.36	-	1/2 2005

SN3	100=<S<225	519	-	-	16.1	1/2 2005
SN4	225=<S	519	-	-	13.4	1/2 2005

Stage II
SH1	S<20	805	-	-	50	1/2 2008
SH2	20=<S<50	805	-	-	50	1/2 2008
SH3	50=<S	603	-	-	72	1/2 2009

SN1	S<66	610	-	-	50	1/2 2005
SN2	66=<S<100	610	-	-	40	1/2 2005
SN3	100=<S<225	610	-	-	16.1	1/2 2008
SN4	225=<S	610	-	-	12.1	1/2 2007

For small boats and pleasure crafts, directive 2003/44 comprises the emission legislation limits for diesel and for 2-stroke and 4-stroke gasoline engines, respectively. The CO and VOC emission limits depend on engine size (P=kW), and the inserted parameters given in the calculation formulas in Table 3. For NO_x, a constant limit value is given for each of the three engine types. For TSP, the constant emission limit regards diesel engines only.

Table 3 Overview of the EU emission directive 2003/44 for small boats and pleasure crafts (P=kW)

Engine type	Impl. date	CO=A+B/Pⁿ			HC=A+B/Pⁿ			NO_x	TSP
		A	B	n	A	B	n
2-stroke gasoline	1/1 2007	150.0	600.0	1.0	30.0	100.0	0.75	10.0	-
4-stroke gasoline	1/1 2006	150.0	600.0	1.0	6.0	50.0	0.75	15.0	-
Diesel	1/1 2006	5.0	0.0	0	1.5	2.0	0.5	9.8	1.0