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Survey and risk assessment of chemical substances in deodorants

4 Results

Analysis of 24 regulated fragrance substances in 23 selected deodorants (19 spray products, 2 deostick and 2 roll-on) was performed by GC-MS at selective ion monitoring mode. The content of the fragrance substances in the investigated products is described in Table 4. The concentrations are not corrected for the recovery of the fragrance substances.

None of the investigated products were found to contain amylcinnamyl alcohol or methyl heptin carbonate. The content of the remaining 22 fragrance substances in the deodorants varied from approximately 2 ppm (detection limit) to 11300 ppm (w/w for deostick and roll-on, w/v for other samples). Frequency and concentration range of all of the target fragrance substances in the investigated products are described in Table 5. As the contents of individual fragrance substances in the investigated products were in a broad range, only concentration range (minimum and maximum concentration) for these is reported in Table 5, while  mean (± SD) and  median values (Table 6) were calculated only for the five fragrance substances selected for the risk assessment. All 23 selected products contained the fragrance substances, which were listed in the ingredient lists of the respective products, and they were labelled correctly with respect to content of fragrance substances.

Table 4: Content of selected fragrance substances in the 23 investigated deodorants.

Fragrance substance Content in ppm (µg/ml in spray, µg/g in deostick/roll-on)
spray 1 spray 2 spray 3  spray 4 spray 5 spray 6 spray 7 spray 8
alpha-Amylcinnamic
aldehyde		 2.3 - - - - - - -
alpha-Amylcinnamic
alcohol		 - - - - - - - -
Anise alcohol - - - - - - - -
Benzyl alkohol 31.6 - 166.2 - - - 52.1 -
Benzyl benzoate 878.0 - 4054.2 - 53.9 - - -
Benzyl cinnamate - - - 143.2 - - - -
Benzyl salicylate 900.0 145.4 2472.8 - - 2085.7 - 1646.8
Butylphenyl methyl-propional 112.0 716.0 5455.0 9.4 - 15.0 597.5 1092.9
Cinnamal 5.0 - - - - - - -
Cinnamyl alkohol - - - 296.7 1.7 37.9 - -
Citral 45.3 - - - - - 110.7 -
Citronellol 350.0 1069.6 783.3 280.0 93.7 41.5 - 289.2
Coumarin 7.2 - - 29.9 3.8 - 100.1 -
Eugenol 195.3 - - - 99.1 - - -
Farnesol - 595.0 660.9 - - 978.9 1791.0 1402.5
Geraniol 39.5 61.6 399.0 - 45.1 - 80.3 140.9
a-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde 369.4 1019.0 - - - 71.3 - 2502.9
Hydroxycitronellal dl 499,8 310,8 23,9 - - 114,5 354,6
HICC 274.0 143.6 73.1 18.3 12.2 28.9 892.1 -
Isoeugenol 20.7 - - - 6.9 - - 28.9
alpha-isomethylionone - 245.0 2588.0 - - - 548.8 1035.4
Limonene 3778.1 1977.0 1619.3 1083.3 5760.6 - 3794.6 4002.6
Linalool 110.2 302.3 73.9 42.2 115.6 1102.0 597.0 525.1
Methyl-2-octynoate - - - - - - - -
Oakmoos/Treemoss - - - - X - - -

HICC: Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; dl: detection limit ca. 1 ppm; X: contains oakmoss/treemoss

Table 4: continued

Fragrance substance Content in ppm (µg/ml in spray, µg/g in deostick/roll-on)
Deostick 1 spray 9 spray 10 spray 11 spray 12 spray 13 deostick 2 spray 14
alpha-Amylcinnamic
aldehyde		 - - - - 66.3 - - -
alpha-Amylcinnamic
alcohol		 - - - - - - - -
Anise alcohol - - dl - - - - -
Benzyl alcohol - 129.9 - - - - - -
Benzyl benzoate - 20.2 11.2 183.5 65.3 - - -
Benzyl cinnamate - - - - - - - -
Benzyl salicylate - 2078.1 - - 474.0 - - -
Butylphenyl methyl-propional 114.2 - 23.6 - - 2405.0 dl -
Cinnamal - - - - - - - -
Cinnamyl alkohol - 9.5 - 406.3 503.0 - - 35.5
Citral 202.4 - - - 38.8 99.9 - -
Citronellol 197.6 - 63.7 35.2 851.7 5847.5 dl 52.4
Coumarin 116.4 84.9 - 55.0 258.0 - - 49.5
Eugenol 125.4 - 0.8 - 131.6 - - -
Farnesol - - - - - 649.1 9.0 -
Geraniol 103.1 30.3 206.9 23.9 141.2 242.4 dl 24.4
a-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde - - - - 136.3 - dl 4434.0
Hydroxycitronellal - 89.2 dl 37.8 1746.5 - - 377.2
HICC 184.8 323.7 19.4 - - 168.5 - 4431.0
Isoeugenol 123.0 34.7 - - 138.4 - dl -
alpha-isomethylionone - - 5.8 - 477.0 - 14.8 269.1
Limonene - - - 1194.3 11386.5 1226.7 1022.8 -
Linalool 111.1 133.6 121.3 46.6 1164.9 998.5 86.0 32.1
Methyl-2-octynoate - - - - - - - -
Oakmoos/Treemoss - - - - X - - -

HICC: Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; dl: detection limit ca. 1 ppm; X: contains oakmoss/treemoss

Table 4: continued

Fragrance substance Content in ppm (µg/ml in spray, µg/g in deostick/roll-on)
spray 15  spray 16 spray 17 spray 18  roll-on 1 roll-on 2 spray 19
alpha-Amylcinnamic
aldehyde		 42.3 - - 164.7 - - -
alpha-Amylcinnamic
alcohol		 - - - - - - -
Anise alcohol - - - - - 50.5 -
Benzyl alcohol 83.2     98.4 -    
Benzyl benzoate 107.6 - 38.1 - - 3.2 201.6
Benzyl cinnamate 74.1 - - - - - -
Benzyl salicylate 136.3 - 5279.0 828.7 - - 211.7
Butylphenyl methyl-propional - - 3788.0 dl 2.4 dl 172.5
Cinnamal - - - - - - -
Cinnamyl alkohol 240.1   39.6 36.1 - - 223.1
Citral 553.9 249.9 119.7 - 44.0 - 296.2
Citronellol 344.3 363.8 3161.0 107.9 16.5 89.2 289.9
Coumarin 1254.9 - - - 127.4 - 170.3
Eugenol 514.0 - - - - dl -
Farnesol - 269.4 - - 969.2 - -
Geraniol 124.7 184.8 101.2 dl 48.6 dl -
a-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde - - 2962.9 374.2 5.2 - 186.1
Hydroxycitronellal 292.6 337.5 1092.5 dl - 46.3 -
HICC - 28.3 350.5 - dl 28.5 270.6
Isoeugenol 67.5 - - - - - -
alpha-isomethylionone 1674.2 46.4 1788.0 292.1 128.2 250.0 120.9
Limonene 11229.0 2662.2 4507.1 - 5489.4 - 4538.3
Linalool 3447.1 1308.0 350.4 8.2 377.3 - 230.5
Methyl-2-octynoate - - - - - - -
Oakmoos/Treemoss X - - - - - -

HICC: Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; dl: detection limit ca. 1 ppm; X: contains oakmoss/treemoss

Table 5: Frequency and content of selected fragrance substances in the 23 deodorants investigated.

Fragrance substance Products containing the fragrance substance
No.          (%)   		Concentration range (ppm)
alpha-Amylcinnamic
aldehyde?		  4 17 2.3 - 164.7
alpha-Amylcinnamic
alcohol		  - - -
Anise alcohol  2            9 dl*,  50.5
Benzyl alcohol  6  26 31.6 - 166.2
Benzyl benzoate 11 48 3.2 - 4054.2
Benzyl cinnamate  2 9 74.1, 143.2
Benzyl salicylate 11 48 136.3 – 5279.0
Butylphenyl methylpropional 16 70 dl* - 5.455.0
Cinnamal ?  1 4 5.0
Cinnamyl alcohol ? 11 48 1.7 - 503.0
Citral? 10  44 38.8 - 553.9
Citronellol? 21 91 dl* - 5847.5
Coumarin? 12 52 3.8 - 1254.9
Eugenol?  7 30 dl*- 514.0
Farnesol?  9 39 9.0 -1791.0
Geraniol? 20 87 dl* - 399.0
Hexyl cinnamal ? 11 48 dl* - 4434.0
Hydroxycitronellal? 16          70 dl* - 1746.5
HICC? 17          74 dl* - 4431.0
Isoeugenol?  8          35 dl* - 138.4
Alpha-isomethylionone 15          65 5.8 - 2588.0
d-Limonene? 16          70 1022.8 - 11386.5
Linalool? 22          96 8.2 - 3447.1
Methyl-2-octynoate?  -            - -
Evernia prunastri?/
furfuracea extract (Oakmoos/Treemoss)		  3          13 X

*detection limit of the respective substances: about 1 ppm

The most common fragrance allergens are contained in the two mixtures, which is used for diagnosing fragrance allergy, called fragrance mix I (?) and fragrance mix II (?), besides oxidation product of terpens (?), and tree moss extract are commen allergens. Methyl-2-octynoate is an extreme, but rare allergen. X: contains oakmoss/treemoss

Table 6: Mean and median concentrations of the 5 selected fragrance substances in 23 deodorants selected for the analysis.

Fragrance substance Concentration i ppm
Mean±SD Median
Cinnamyl alcohol 166±177 40
Farnesol 814±547 661
Hydroxycitronellal 333±470 203
HICC 426±1055 144
Isoeugenol 53±52 32

The contents of triclosan in all of the investigated products are described in Table 7. The content of triclosan could not be determined in one of the samples (2006-316) due to presence of a large interfering peak just adjacent to triclosan peak in the HPLC chromatogram of the sample. The investigated products contained 0.05-0.24% (w/v) triclosan, and thus, the triclosan contents in the investigated products were within the maximum allowed concentration (0.3%) in cosmetic products.

Table 7: Content of triclosan in the investigated products

Sample   Triclosan content
% (w/w)
Spray 20 0.0797
Spray 21 0.0841
Deostick 3 0.0480
Spray 22 0.1853
Deostick 23 0.1158
Spray 24 0.0814
Spray 25 0.0516
Deostick 4 0.0536
Spray 26 0.0842
Spray 27 0.0781
Spray 15 0.2403
Spray 28 Interference
Spray 29 0.0538
Spray 30 0.1248
Spray 31 0.0666

 

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Version 1.0 October 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency