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Future Air Quality in Danish cities

Appendix 1:
Emission Data for DEM Model

EMEP and IIASA data

The development in European emissions is based on EMEP data for 1990 and proposed national reductions in 2010 for all European countries under ECE. The national reductions are taking from an analysis by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria that carries out the preparatory work that leads to ECE protocols (IIASA 1999). Emission levels in 1990 and 2010 and reduction factors 1990-2010 are given in Table 1.

Table 1
Emission Levels in 1990 and 2010 and Reductions 1990-2010 (thousand tonnes per year)

 

1990

2010

Reductions in % 1990-2010

NOx

VOC

NH3

NOx

VOC

NH3

NOx

VOC

NH3
Albania

24

32

31

36

42

34

50

32

9
Austria

196

367

85

106

213

74

-46

-42

-13
Belgium

343

339

104

185

176

103

-46

-48

-1
Bulgaria

376

187

144

316

181

128

-16

-3

-11

Denmark

282

178

122

133

84

115

-53

-53

-6
Finland

300

209

35

165

109

27

-45

-48

-23
France

1590

2393

700

731

1220

672

-54

-49

-4
German Democratic Rep.

691

948

212

304

341

159

-56

-64

-25
German Federal Rep.

1963

2233

557

864

804

418

-56

-64

-25
Greece

392

293

78

392

231

72

0

-21

-8
Hungary

238

205

164

214

160

187

-10

-22

14
Iceland

2

1

1

2

2

1

0

0

0
Ireland

115

102

126

71

51

125

-38

-50

-1
Italy

2047

2080

416

1126

1165

391

-45

-44

-6
Luxem-
bourg

23

19

7

10

7

7

-55

-63

0
Nether-
lands

596

502

232

310

241

135

-48

-52

-42
Norway

227

299

23

184

197

21

-19

-34

-9
Poland

1279

797

508

921

797

544

-28

0

7
Portugal

221

202

93

188

137

87

-15

-32

-6
Romania

546

568

300

480

568

312

-12

0

4
Spain

1188

1051

353

867

694

353

-27

-34

0
Sweden

411

526

61

230

300

48

-44

-43

-21
Switzerland

165

283

72

79

147

66

-52

-48

-8
Turkey

497

175

415

497

175

415

0

0

0
United Kingdom

2850

2720

320

1197

1387

288

-58

-49

-10
Other areas

100

200

56

100

200

56

0

0

0
The Baltic Sea

80

0

0

80

0

0

0

0

0
The North Sea

639

0

0

639

0

0

0

0

0
Rem. Atlantic Waters

745

0

0

745

0

0

0

0

0
The Mediter-
ranian

13

0

0

13

0

0

0

0

0
The Black Sea

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
Natural Ocean Emissions

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
Kola-
Karelia

48

31

25

36

24

18

-24

-21

-30
Lening.-
Novgorod-
Pskov

110

108

55

84

85

39

-24

-21

-30
Kaliningrad

16

19

7

12

15

5

-24

-21

-30
Belarus

285

533

219

225

442

162

-21

-17

-26
Ukraine

1097

1369

729

834

999

649

-24

-27

-11
Moldovia

39

11

47

 30

9

48

-24

-16

2

Rest of Russia

1685

2009

796

1281

1587

557

-24

-21

-30
Estonia

68

88

29

59

96

29

-13

9

0
Latvia

90

63

44

90

56

36

0

-11

-19
Lithuania

158

111

84

142

105

85

-10

-5

1
The Czeck Republic

742

435

105

401

300

106

-46

-31

1
Slovakia

225

149

62

135

145

48

-40

-3

-22
Slovenia

62

42

24

37

31

22

-40

-27

-9

Croatia

83

105

44

92

113

40

11

8

-8
Bosna and Herzo-
govina

80

101

31

60

95

23

-25

-6

-26
Yugoslavia

66

66

90

48

59

82

-28

-11

-9
Macedonia

39

7

17

29

7

16

-26

0

-6
Kazachstan

12

0

2

188

0

97

0

0

0
Georgia

188

0

97

188

0

97

0

0

0
EU

13208

 14162 3501 6879 7160 3074

-48

-49

-12
Non-EU

10024

7994

4221

8277

6636

3923

-17

-17

-7

Total for Europe

23232

22156

7722

15156

13796

6997

-36

-38

-11

New ECE Protocol

The emission levels in 1990, emission ceilings for 2010 and the percentage emission reduction is based on the Draft Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acification, Eutrofication and Ground-level Ozone from 15 October 1999 (ECE 1999).

Table 2
Emission Ceilings for Nitrogen Oxides (thousands of tonnes of NO2 per year)

Country:

Emission
1990

Emission ceilings 2010

Reductions
1990-2010 (%)
Armenia

46

46

0
Austria

194

107

-45
Belarus

285

255

-11
Belgium

339

181

-47
Bulgaria

361

266

-26
Croatia

87

87

0
Czech Republic

742

286

-61
Denmark

282

127

-55
Finland

300

170

-43
France

1882

860

-54

Germany

2693

1081

-60
Greece

343

344

0
Hungary

238

198

-17
Ireland

115

65

-43
Italy

1938

1000

-48
Latvia

93

84

-10
Liechtenstein

1

0.37

-41
Lithuania

158

110

-30
Luxembourg

23

11

-52
Netherlands

580

266

-54
Norway

218

156

-28
Poland

1280

879

-31
Portugal

348

260

-25
Republic of Moldova

100

90

-10
Romania

546

437

-20
Russian
Federation /b

3600

    
PEMA

360

265

-26

Slovakia

225

130

-42
Slovenia

62

45

-27
Spain /b

1113

847

-24
Sweden

338

148

-56
Switzerland

166

79

-52
Ukraine

1888

1222

-35
United Kingdom

2673

1181

-56
European Community

13161

6671

-49

b/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.
a/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.

Table 3
Emission ceilings for ammonia (thousands of tonnes of NH3 per year)

 

Emission levels
1990

Emission ceilings
for 2010

Reduction
1990-2010 (%)
Armenia

25

25

0%

Austria

81

66

-19%
Belarus

219

158

-28%
Belgium

107

74

-31%
Bulgaria

144

108

-25%
Croatia

37

30

-19%
Czech Republic

156

101

-35%
Denmark

122

69

-43%
Finland

35

31

-11%

France

814

780

-4%
Germany

764

550

-28%
Greece

80

73

-9%
Hungary

124

90

-27%
Ireland

126

116

-8%
Italy

466

419

-10%
Latvia

44

44

0%
Liechtenstein

0.15

0.15

0%
Lithuania

84

84

0%
Luxembourg

7

7

0%
Netherlands

226

128

-43%
Norway

23

23

0%
Poland

508

468

-8%
Portugal

98

108

10%
Republic of Moldova

49

42

-14%
Romania

300

210

-30%
Russian
Federation a/

1191

 

 
PEMA

61

49

-20%

Slovakia

62

39

-37%
Slovenia

24

20

-17%
Spain a/

351

353

1%
Sweden

61

57

-7%
Switzerland

72

63

-13%
Ukraine

729

592

-19%
United Kingdom

333

297

-11%
European Community

3671

3129

-15%

a/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.

Table 4
Emission ceilings for volatile organic compounds (thousands of tonnes of VOC per year)

 

Emission
1990

Emission ceilings
for 2010

Reductions
1990-2010 (%)
Armenia

81

81

0%

Austria

351

159

-55%
Belarus

533

309

-42%
Belgium

324

144

-56%
Bulgaria

217

185

-15%
Croatia

105

90

-14%
Czech Republic

435

220

-49%
Denmark

178

85

-52%
Finland

209

130

-38%
France

2957

1100

-63%
Germany

3195

995

-69%

Greece

373

261

-30%
Hungary

205

137

-33%
Ireland

197

55

-72%
Italy

2213

1159

-48%
Latvia

152

136

-11%
Liechtenstein

1.56

0.86

-45%
Lithuania

103

92

-11%
Luxembourg

20

9

-55%
Netherlands

502

191

-62%
Norway

310

195

-37%
Poland

831

800

-4%
Portugal

640

202

-68%
Republic of Moldova

157

100

-36%
Romania

616

523

-15%
Russian Federation /b

3566

 

 
PEMA

203

165

-19%
Slovakia

149

140

-6%
Slovenia

42

40

-5%
Spain b/

1094

669

-39%
Sweden

526

241

-54%
Switzerland

292

144

-51%
Ukraine

1369

797

-42%
United Kingdom

2555

1200

-53%
European Community

15353

6600

-57%

b/ Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.

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