Parameters |
Tools / Mechanisms |
Examples |
Which product/service is produced? |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Compliance |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Prohibitions/ Restrictions |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | IPP (Integrated Product Policy) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Producer responsibility |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Product standards |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Monitoring and Enforcement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Facilitation of future compliance via
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Indicators of future legislation |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Clear signals re direction of environmental policy |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Voluntary agreements |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Advice |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Awareness raising and information regarding regulations, partic. for SMEs |
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DK list of undesirable chemicals
EC Energy label voluntary agreement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Liability |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Widening involvement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Degree of liability, level of fines |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Monitoring and Enforcement
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Availability of legal aid/resources to bring actions |
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Investors/Banks act as a driver on companies due to liability
legislation. |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate culture/ethics |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Company reputation |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate policies
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental/ Sustainability/ Ethical corporate policy and subsequent incorporation
tools e.g. training, reporting |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Tools to encourage corporate citizenship/ responsibility e.g. award schemes, media
exposure, watchdogs, public debate |
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Future improvements to EMAS, ISO 14001 to ensure that policy is
implemented company-wide and not just paper exercise ACCA/CERES Environmental Reporting
awards |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Design process |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Product Design
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | EMS applied to design |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | DfE (Design for Environment) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | H&S assess- ment |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental awareness raising/ training of employees involved in design procedure e.g.
re product vs service implications |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Linking of environmental aspects and innovation - tools/training to encourage out
of box/ creative thinking |
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e.g. Philips
E-Co Challenge, UK: exploring novel approaches to product development via
university/company collaboration |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Technology |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | R&D and associated Economic incentives
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | government, investor, NGO support/ commissioned R&D into development of clean
technology/ products and their acceptability |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Cost |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | investment costs vs expected profits, payback time |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Economic Incentives
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Rebates for clean/ sustainable products |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Favourable start-up schemes for new sustainable businesses esp. SMEs |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Preferential lending criteria, interest rates for sustainable products/
services |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Ethical/ environmental investment funds |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Sustainability Index Ratings |
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e.g. Tridos Bank
e.g. Friends Provident
e.g. Dow Jones/SAM |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Market opportunity |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Market demand |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Competitors activity |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Education
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Public environmental awareness campaigns/ education |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Marketing
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Green marketing |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Market analysis and research |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Restrictions on monopolies of producers and retailers |
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Education: Societal attitudes are an important determinant of market
opportunity for cleaner products and services. Market analysis: combine environmental
awareness with innovative business tools e.g. Porters model. Need out of
box thinking re diversification, new markets, new applications. |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | NGO/Citizen/Employee pressure |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Civil Society |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Widening involvement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Consumer advice |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Product information
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Product Registers e.g. re chemicals |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Education
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Public environmental awareness campaigns/ education |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Existing Infrastructure |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Industry collaboration
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Supply chain networks/ co-operation |
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e.g. domestic appliance and detergent manufacturers; automobile companies
and service stations regarding fuel provision for LPG vehicles. |
How is the product/service produced? |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Compliance |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | IPC (Integrated Pollution Control) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | IPP (Integrated Product Policy) |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Monitoring and Enforcement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate Policies
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental Management Systems |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Advice
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Awareness raising and information regarding regulations, partic. for SMEs |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Facilitation of future compliance via
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Indicators of future legislation |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Clear signals re direction of environmental policy |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Voluntary agreements |
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Role of regulators/municipalities as facilitators offering guidance and
assistance (particularly for SMEs) rather than simply enforcement. |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Liability |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Widening involvement |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Degree of liability, level of fines |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Monitoring and Enforcement
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Availability of legal aid/ resources to bring actions |
|
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Investors/Banks act as a driver on companies due to liability
legislation. |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate culture/ethics |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Company reputation |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate policies
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental/ Sustainability/ Ethical corporate policy and subsequent incorporation
tools e.g. training, reporting |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Tools to encourage corporate citizenship/ responsibility e.g. award schemes, reporting,
watchdogs, media exposure, NGO campaigns, public debate |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Existing production procedures |
(design and application) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Production design and Product design (has implications for production process e.g.
materials used)
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | EMS applied to design |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | DfE (Design for Environment) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | H&S assessment |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate Policy:
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental awareness raising/training of employees involved in design and
implementation of production process |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Technology |
|
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | R&D and associated Economic incentives
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Government, investor, NGO support/ commissioned R&D into development of clean
technologies |
|
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Cost |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Economic Incentives
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Rebates for clean production |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Preferential lending criteria, interest rates for sustainable production |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Ethical/ environmental investment funds |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Sustainability Index Ratings |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | NGO/Citizen pressure |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Civil Society |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Consumer advice |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Freedom of Information: |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Pollution Registers |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Education
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Public environmental awareness campaigns/ education |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Widening involvement
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Report procedures for citizens, NGOs |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Regulation
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Legal rights i.e. granting of standing for citizens and NGOs to enable them
to bring court actions |
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e.g. DK Chemical Awareness Campaign
e.g. DK telephone hotline
e.g. DK, standing granted to Danish Society for Nature Conservation, Greenpeace. |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Employee pressure |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Widening Involvement
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Team decisions/ employee input/ involvement in decision making |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate Policy
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Environmental awareness training for employees |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Customer/supply chain pressure |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Product information |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Corporate policies
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Green procurement policies |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Education
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Public environmental awareness campaigns/ education |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Eco-labels
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Based on LCA |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Labelling covering production processes |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Bans on use of specific substances e.g. brominated flame retardants |
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e.g. Volvo Environmental Statement on S80 car |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Existing Infrastructure |
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![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Economic Incentives
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Rebates for clean production |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Preferential lending criteria, interest rates for sustainable production |
![](../../_themes/nyt-milj-/dot.gif) | Set environmental criteria for grants available for updating machinery |
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