| Front page | | Contents | | Back | | Printing instructions |

Integration of Environmental Considerations at Different Levels of Decision Making

Table D1.5
Business Consumers
Parameters Tools / Mechanisms Examples
Is product required/needed?
Design of end product and production process
Product and process design
DfE (Design for Environment)
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)
EMS applied to design process
  
Technology
R&D and associated Economic incentive/support schemes
  
Cost
Economic Incentives
Green taxation
Regulation
Government watchdog re price fixing
  
Availability of alternatives to meet objectives e.g. service.
R&D
Economic incentive/support schemes for cleaner products/services
Industry Collaboration
  
Which product is purchased?
Availability of alternatives (choice of products)
R&D and associated Economic incentive/support schemes for cleaner products
Industry Collaboration
  
Availability and consistency of supply
Advice
Business advice for supplier companies and for purchasing company regarding supply chain management
Regulation
Prohibition/restrictions
  
Price
Regulation
Government watchdog re price fixing
Economic Incentives
Green taxation
  
Quality: level and consistency
Advice
Business advice for supplier companies
Corporate Policy
Quality management systems (ISO 9000)
Product design
Minimum product standards
Eco-labels
Minimum quality standards for eco-labelled products
 General business advice to SMEs developing cleaner products/technology
Risk: environmental and H&S attributes

Risk Assessments

Product information
Labelling
Kitemarks e.g. British Standards Institute (BSI)
Safety data sheets
Corporate Policy
Green procurement policy
R&D
  

 

 

 

E.g. The European Green Purchasing Network.
How to use product?
Compliance
Advice
Regulatory awareness schemes
Corporate Policy
Environmental Management Systems
Economic Incentives
Tax breaks for SME investments enabling compliance
Monitoring and Enforcement
Reporting requirements
 e.g. Provision of advice/support to SMEs from regulators.
Liability
Regulation
Degree of liability, level of fines
Monitoring and Enforcement
Availability of legal aid/resources to bring actions
  
Knowledge (existence of)
R&D
Monitoring
  
Information provision
Product information
labelling
safety data sheets
  
Technology
Industry collaboration
Supply chain co-operation
 Collaborative efforts and increased communication between machinery producers, input producers and end-product manufacturers.
Habit/established behaviour
Product information
Provision & promotion by suppliers
Corporate Policy
Management systems - use and frequent update/ reappraisal
Employee training/awareness
  
Cost
Economic Incentives

Green taxation

  
How to dispose of product (or contaminated product packaging)?
Convenience
Best practice - identification and dissemination
Minimum standards/requirements for infrastructure provision
Widening involvement
Employee consultation to identify convenience factors
Corporate policies
Supplier/Retailer Policies re take-back
 Provision of suitable disposal facilities which are nearby, frequent collection, easily implemented requiring few resources such as time, effort etc.
Cost
Regulation
Producer responsibility legislation
Economic Incentives
Green taxation
Tradeable permits
Incentive schemes e.g. $ back
Industry collaboration
Corporate policies
Supplier/Retailer Policies re take-back
 Incentive schemes - e.g. money back/off, x free product for y used products returned, pre-paid return envelopes etc.
Compliance
Regulation
Producer responsibility and waste disposal legislation.
Monitoring and Enforcement
Regulatory awareness schemes
Economic Incentives
Tax breaks for SME investments enabling compliance
 Advice/Support from regulators.

 

 

Finland: support for pollution control in SMEs
Availability
Development and provision of suitable disposal/treatment methods and facilities via
R&D
Industry collaboration
Best Practice
  
Awareness
Advice
Information provision to companies on correct disposal method and facilities.
Corporate policy
Education of employees regarding dangers of incorrect disposal
  

| Front page | | Contents | | Back | | Printing instructions | | Top |