| Parameters |
Tools/mechanisms |
Examples |
| Which mode of transport do I offer? |
|
| Demand |
 | Education and awareness raising campaigns to encourage greater use of non road transport |
|
|
| |
| Service information
| Provision of real time passenger information systems |
|
|
| eg NL TRACE and UK Countdown |
|
| |
| Land use/urban planning guidance and regulation
| to encourage development in areas with public transport services |
|
|
|
| |
| Industry collaboration
| Integrated transport services in terms of timetabling, interchange and network planning |
|
|
| nodal centres, public transport transfer centres |
| multi- modal information system |
|
| |
| Regulation
| requirements for service provision both coverage and frequency |
|
|
| to support public transport services on certain routes |
|
| |
| Marketing to encourage greater use of public transport and overcome poor perception |
|
|
| |
| Widening involvement |
|
| Passenger and business consultation |
|
| Cost |
| Economic incentives to encourage use of public transport |
|
|
| |
| fuel tax |
|
| NL: variabilisation strategy |
|
| |
| vehicle purchase tax |
|
|
| |
| road use charges |
|
| EU Enurovignette |
|
| |
| parking charges |
|
| increased charges for retail and work place parking |
|
| |
| Collaboration |
|
| Provision of mulitmodal travel cards |
| collaboration between operators and large employers to ensure public transport services
are available for staff |
|
| Existing transport infrastructure |
| Land use planning guidance and regulation
| to maximise the use of existing infrastructure and encourage public transport services, |
|
|
| eg reducing bottlenecks, provision of transfer facilities, encouraging development in
areas with public transport services |
|
| |
| Service design |
|
| eg provision of bus lanes, extension of rail network |
|
| |
| Collaboration
| Integrating transport services to maximise use of existing infrastructure |
|
|
|
| Competition |
| Collaboration
| Integrated transport services in terms of timetabling, interchange and network planning
to improve all public transport services |
|
|
|
| |
| Regulation
| restriction on monopolies of public transport services |
|
|
|
| Compliance |
| Regulation including facilitation of future compliance:
| voluntary agreements |
| widening involvement - participation of operators in development of regulations |
| advice services to operators |
|
|
|
Corporate culture/ethics/
reputation |
| Corporate policy
| support of environmentally friendly transport services |
|
|
|
| What price should I charge? |
|
| Demand |
| Education and awareness raising campaigns to encourage greater use of non road transport |
|
|
| |
| Service information
| Provision of real time passenger information systems |
|
|
| eg NL TRACE and UK Countdown |
|
| |
| Land use/urban planning guidance and regulation
| to encourage development in areas with public transport services |
|
|
|
| |
| Industry collaboration
| Integrated transport services in terms of timetabling, interchange and network planning |
|
|
| nodal centres, public transport transfer centres |
| multi- modal information system |
|
| |
| Regulation
| requirements for service provision both coverage and frequency |
|
|
| to support public transport services on certain routes |
|
| |
| Marketing to encourage greater use of public transport and overcome poor perception |
|
|
| |
| Widening involvement |
|
| Passenger and business consultation |
|
| |
| Modelling |
|
|
| Competitor price charging |
| Regulation of public transport charging and restrictions on monopolies |
|
|
| |
| Collaboration
| Mulitmodal/operator ticketing |
|
|
|
| Planned investment |
| Land use/urban planning
| to determine need for extension of transport networks to meet needs of new development |
|
|
|
| |
| Regulation |
|
| minimum service requirements for coverage and frequency |
|
| |
| Widening involvement |
|
| Passenger consultation in planning public transport services |
|
| |
| Economic incentives |
|
| subsidisation of public transport network |
|
| What route and timetable should I provide? |
|
| Operating cost |
| Economic incentives |
|
|
| |
| fuel tax |
|
|
| |
| road user charging |
|
|
| |
| subsidisation/financial support |
|
| fuel support for public transport services |
|
| |
| Collaboration |
|
| Provision of mulitmodal travel cards |
|
| |
| R & D
| Use of IT systems for logistical planning to improve service efficiency and match demand |
|
|
|
| Demand |
| Education and awareness raising campaigns to encourage greater use of non road transport |
|
|
| |
| Service information
| Provision of real time passenger information systems |
|
|
| eg NL TRACE and UK Countdown |
|
| |
| Land use/urban planning guidance and regulation
| to encourage development in areas with public transport services |
|
|
|
| |
| Industry collaboration
| Integrated transport services in terms of timetabling, interchange and network planning |
|
|
| nodal centres, public transport transfer centres |
| multi- modal information system |
|
| |
| Regulation
| requirements for service provision both coverage and frequency |
|
|
| to support public transport services on certain routes |
|
| |
| Marketing to encourage greater use of public transport and overcome poor perception |
|
|
| |
| Widening involvement |
|
| Passenger and business consultation |
|
| |
| Modelling |
|
|
| Competition |
| Collaboration
| Integrated transport services- timetabling, interchange and network planning |
|
|
|
| |
| Regulation of public transport charging and restrictions on monopolies |
|
|
| Safety |
| R & D
| Use of IT systems for monitoring and tracking of transport networks |
|
|
|
| |
| Regulation, monitoring and enforcement |
|
|
| |
| Service/product operation and design standards |
|
|
| Compliance |
| Regulation including facilitation of future compliance:
| voluntary agreements |
| widening involvement - participation of operators in development of regulations |
| advice services to operators |
|
|
|
| What stock/fleet should we use? |
|
| Availability of different models/ technologies |
| Economic incentives
| Manufacturer/retailer incentives to produce/supply energy efficient models |
|
|
| market support |
|
| |
| Corporate policy
| Manufacturer/retailer environmental policy to develop and support alternative and energy
efficient technologies |
| to require environmental attributes to be a factor in choosing a fleet |
|
|
| Agreement between EU and European car manufacturers (ACEA) to reduce CO2 emissions |
|
| |
| Regulation of vehicle energy efficiency |
|
| prohibition of high energy use cars or energy efficiency standards |
|
| |
| R & D to develop to improve energy efficiency and new technologies |
|
|
| Cost - purchase and running |
| Economic incentives: |
|
|
| |
| differential/increased purchase tax, road or parking charges for smaller/more energy
efficient vehicles |
| subsidies for energy efficient vehicles |
|
|
| |
| R & D
| to reduce production costs of alternative technologies |
|
|
| NL TRACE |
|
| |
| Regulation
| regulation of vehicle pricing in favour of energy efficient vehicles |
|
|
|
| |
| Product design to improve capacity |
|
| industry collaboration for provision of fuelling infrastructure to support alternative
technologies |
|
| Suitability |
| Product design |
|
| eg low access |
|
| |
| Widening involvement |
|
| consultation with passenger groups |
|
| |
| Collaboration
| industry collaboration for provision of fuelling infrastructure to support alternative
technologies |
|
|
|
| |
| Corporate policy |
|
| eg to require environmental attributes to be a factor in choice of fleet |
|
| Perceived product status |
| Green marketing |
|
|
| |
| Ecolabelling |
|
| fuel efficiency rating |
|
| |
| Corporate policy |
| Retailer policy for staff training in environmental attributes |
| promotion of environmental benefits of products |
| manufacturer policy to promote environmental attributes of products |
| Manufacturer HSE reporting to include product environmental performance |
| operator policy to support purchase of energy efficient /alternative technologies |
|
| staff training to provide environmental information in sales |
|
| |
| Product quality standards for new technologies |
|
|
| |
| Education and public awareness campaigns |
|
|
| |
| Advice |
|
Producer helplines |
| Quality/safety |
| R & D |
|
|
| |
| Product design |
|
| improved safety of new designs |
|
| |
| Quality/safety standards |
|
|
| |
| Regulation, monitoring and enforcement in relation to vehicle safety |
|
|
| |
| Product information |
|
| inclusion of safety information in product information |
| manufacturer HSE reports to include product safety information |
|
| How do I drive the fleet/stock? |
|
| Safety |
| Urban planning
| traffic calming schemes in urban areas |
|
|
|
| |
| Corporate policy
| employer health and safety policy promoting safe driving |
|
|
|
| Fuel costs |
| Collaboration
| to promote and support environmentally friendly driving |
|
|
| Sweden: Eco Driving collaboration between National Road Administration , Swedish
Association of Driving Schools, public and private sectors |
|
| |
| Economic incentives
| government support of eco-driving schemes for transport operators |
|
|
|
| Driver delivery schedule |
| R & D
| Use of IT systems for tracking and monitoring to increase efficiency of logistics and
load optimisation |
|
|
|