Plant & Location

Compound

Influent

Effluent after PS

Effluent after FS

Sludge

Final effluent

Rem/loss

Remarks

Ref.

Conc. (ng/l)

%

Jeksen

Estrone

4.1

(n=3)

(Christiansen 2001)

17b -estradiol

<0.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.5

Lyngby

Estrone

2.8

17b -estradiol

n.a.

17a -ethinylestradiol

n.a.

Ormslev

Estrone

1.3; 108

17b -estradiol

<0.4; 31

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.2; <1

Tåstrup

Estrone

27

17b -estradiol

n.a.

17a -ethinylestradiol

n.a.

Randers

Estrone

0.5-1.2

17b -estradiol

<1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Egå

Estrone

0.3-1.2

17b -estradiol

<1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Viby

Estrone

1.2-2.0

17b -estradiol

<1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Beder

Estrone

0.5-1.1

17b -estradiol

<1-0.6

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1-1.4

Rønde

Estrone

0.3-1.8

17b -estradiol

<1-1.7

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Voel

Estrone

<1-6.1

17b -estradiol

<1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Balle

Estrone

0.4; 2.5

17b -estradiol

<1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1

Ørum

Estrone

0.3-2.7

17b -estradiol

<1-2.5

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1-4.7

Sweden:

Estrone

~ 6

Continuously sampling in 72-h (n=1)

(Larsson 1999)

17b -estradiol

~ 1

17a -ethinylestradiol

~ 4

Glucuronider

<0.5

UK:

Southend STW

Estrone

31-49

Analyses were only performed in sample fractions with estrogenic activity. The concentrations may, therefore, be under estimated.

Discrete samples (n=3).

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

28-54

17a -ethinylestradiol

Nd-7.4

Harpenden STW

Estrone

4.6-9.7

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

3.1-8.1

17a -ethinylestradiol

Nd

Rye Meads STW

Estrone

1.3-4.0

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

2.6-6.5

17a -ethinylestradiol

Nd

Deephams STW

Estrone

2.0-18

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

3.8-15

17a -ethinylestradiol

Nd

Naburn STW

Estrone

14-86

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

5.3-12

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.4-4.8

Horsham STW

Estrone

5.5-12.5

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

3.6-6.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.1-0.9

Billing STW

Estrone

1.3-11

(Desbrow 1998)

17b -estradiol

6.1-8.0

17a -ethinylestradiol

Nd

Chelmsford STW (1997-1998)

Estrone

15-220 (A)

27-56 (B)

5 days composite samples; Taken at 12 pm daily.

(n=4 in each of two trials A and B)

(Rodgers-Gray 2000)

17b -estradiol

7-88 (A)

4-8.8 (B)

Nederlands:

STP A, B & C

Estrone

<0.4-47

Samples were collected over a 7-h period.

(n=2 from each plant )

Belfroid (1999)

17b -estradiol

<0.6-12

17a -estradiol

<0.1-5.0

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.2-7.5

Hormone glucuconides

<1.4- 2.7¹

STP D & E

Estrone

<0.1-11

Samples were collected over a 7-h period.

(n=2 from each plant )

Belfroid (1999)

17b -estradiol

<0.4-1.8

17a -estradiol

<0.1-2.1

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.2-2.6

Hormone glucuconides

<1.4-7.4¹

Eindh

Estrone

11; 42

2.7; 15

64; 75

Composite of samples collected every 30 min's kl. 7-15. (n=2)

(Johnson 2000)

17b -estradiol

11; 14

1.1

Na; 92

Estriol

No

No

Na

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.5; <1.4

<0.5; <1.4

Na

Kral

Estrone

18; 100

<0.4; 6.3

94; >98

17b -estradiol

31

0.7

98

Estriol

No

No

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.2; <1.4

<0.2; <1.8

Na

West

estrone

87; 140

2.1; 47

66; 98

17b -estradiol

9; 48

<0.6, 12

75; >94

estriol

No

No

17a -ethinylestradiol

1.3; 8.8

<0.2; <0.3

77; >98

Germany:

Frankfurt/Main (1997)

Estrone

27

>50

23

Flow proportional sampling. 6 days composite samples (n=1)

(Ternes 1999)

17b -estradiol

15

19

5.4

64

16a -hydroxyestrone

13

15

4.4

68

17a -ethinylestradiol

1.2

1.5

2.7

~ 0

Ulm & New Ulm (1998)

Estrone

3-13

6-h sampling period (n=7)

(Kuch 2000)

17b -estradiol

1-13

Estriol

<1-9

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1-5

Ulm & Neu-Ulm, Langeneau and Blaubeuren (2000)

Estrone

0.35-18

Grab samples taken in the morning (n=16)

(Kuch 2001)

17b -estradiol

0.15-5.2

17a -estradiol

0.15-4.5

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.1-8.9

Ditzingen (1998)

Estrone

17

24-h time-proportional sampling

(n=1 from each plant)

(Spengler 2001)

17b -estradiol

4.2

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1.2

Ludwigsburg-Eglosheim (1998)

Estrone

<1.8

17b -estradiol

<0.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1.2

Ludwigsburg-Poppenweiler (1998)

Estrone

<0.7

17b -estradiol

<1.2

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1.2

Stuttgart-Mühlhausen (1998)

Estrone

<0.7

17b -estradiol

2.6

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1.2

Stutgart-Möhringen (1998)

Estrone

3.1

17b -estradiol

6.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

4.1

Stuttgart-Büsnau (1998)

Estrone

7.5

17b -estradiol

1.6

17a -ethinylestradiol

2.7

Hechingen (1998 & 1999))

Estrone

22

17b -estradiol

15

17a -ethinylestradiol

No result

Alstadt-Ebingen (1998)

Estrone

<1.8

17b -estradiol

<1.2

17a -ethinylestradiol

<1.2

Sindelfingen (1998)

Estrone

18

17b -estradiol

5.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

12

Donaueschingen (1998)

Estrone

3.5

17b -estradiol

4.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.4

Blaubeuren (1998)

Estrone

4.3

17b -estradiol

2.9

17a -ethinylestradiol

2.4

Ulm (1998)

Estrone

5.1

17b -estradiol

<0.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

2.0

Pforzheim (1999)

Estrone

0.8

17b -estradiol

1.1

17a -ethinylestradiol

2.3

Industrial STP 1 (1999)

Estrone

<0.7

17b -estradiol

<0.4

17a -ethinylestradiol

<0.4

Industrial STP 2 (1999)

Estrone

<0.7

17b -estradiol

7.1

17a -ethinylestradiol

No result

Lahr (1999)

Estrone

10

17b -estradiol

0.8

17a -ethinylestradiol

2.0

Waiblingen (1999)

Estrone

1.4

17b -estradiol

1.7

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.4

Leutkirch (1999)

Estrone

0.2

17b -estradiol

<1.2

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.9

Israel

Estrogenes

48-141

7-50

20-88

(Shore 1993)

Italy:

Cobis²

Estrone

42-132

5.4-17

E1: 61 ± 38 %

E2: 87 ± 9 %

E3: 95 ± 6 %

EE2: 85 ± 14 %

24-h flow proportional composite samples. One per month over 5 months (n=5)

(Baronti 2000)

Estradiol

8.1-25

0.55-2.9

Estriol

44-188

1.1-7.3

Ethinylestradiol

0.45-13

Nd-1.0

Ostia²

Estrone

33-67

13-82.1

17b -estradiol

5.9-22

0.72-3.5

Estriol

54-187

0.63-1.5

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.52-4.8

Nd-1.1

Fregene²

Estrone

41-87

2.5-6.5

Estradiol

4.0-16

0.35-2.1

Estriol

26-127

0.44-2.2

Ethinylestradiol

0.44-6.8

Nd-1.7

Roma Nord²

Estrone

30-49

6.4-40

Estradiol

6.3-14

0.44-1.9

Estriol

35-148

0.72-8.4

Ethinylestradiol

0.46-6.8

Nd-0.56

Roma Sud²

Estrone

25-48

8.7-51

Estradiol

4.7-10

0.53-3.1

Estriol

24-127

1.8-18

Ethinylestradiol

0.43-6.1

Nd-1.2

Roma Est²

Estrone

34-68

3.7-10

Estradiol

6.3-11

0.62-0.82

Estriol

33-146

0.43-1.4

Ethinylestradiol

0.40-4.6

Nd-0.73

USA, California STP1

17b -estradiol

2.75-4.05

Analyzed with ELISA

(n=1-4)

(Huang 2001)

17a -ethinylestradiol

1.54-2.42

California

STP2

17b -estradiol

0.38-1.01

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.19-0.49

California

STP3

17b -estradiol

0.72-2.65⁵

<0.1-0.32⁶

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.13-0.16⁵

<0.1⁶

California

STP 4

17b -estradiol

0.2

17a -ethinylestradiol

0.66

Japan:

27 STPs (1998-1999)

17b -estradiol

20-94

0.2-55

(7->99 in the winter)

Range for 27 STPs

(Nasu 2001)

45 (58³)

66

20

20⁴

Example of the fate

Canada:

Burlington

Estrone

26; 53

6; 8

Grab or 24-h composite samples (n= 1-3)

(Lee 1998a)

17b -estradiol

7; 14

<5; <5

Estriol

128; 220

18; 33

Dundas

Estrone

68, 70

8, 10

17b -estradiol

8, 9

<5, <5

Estriol

203; 243

<10; <10

Edmonton

Estrone

109

72

17b -estradiol

<5

<5

Estriol

209

<10

Guelph

Estrone

41-75

14-18

17b -estradiol

<5; 15

<5; <5

Estriol

158-250

30-37

Brazilian

Penha/Rio de Janeiro

Estrone

40

14 (T); 6.8 (AS)

67 (T); 83 (AS)

Random samples taken over 6 days and combined (n=1)

(Ternes 1999)

17b -estradiol

21

1.7 (T); 0.2 (AS)

92 (T); 99.9 (AS)

Ethinylestradiol

6

2 (T); 1.3 (AS)

64 (T); 78 (AS)