Feminisation of fish

Table 5.3.
Concentrations of nonylphenol and octylphenol in sewage effluent

 

Country

Compound

Conc. (µg/l)1

Comments

Ref.

Denmark

NP
OP

< 0.1 – 0.29
< 0.1

Eight sewage effluents. N = 3 for each. High-technology sewage treatment

(2)

Denmark

NP
OP

< 0.o5 – 3.6
< o.1

Seven sewage effluents. Low technology sewage treatment

(2)

England

NP
OP

1.2 – 2.7
0.030 – 0.190

One sewage effluent – primary domestic with 14 % industrial effluent

(113)

England

NP
OP

< 0.2 – 330
< 1

Five STPS

(152)

England

NP

63

One sewage effluent. 6 – 10 % trade effluent from wool scouring and other textile industries
Average conc.

(34)

Germany

NP
OP

0.320 – 1.57
0.821 – 0.357

One sewage effluent

(28)

Germany

NP
OP

0.025 – 0.770
0.0022 - 73

n = 16 (detected in 15 of 16 samples)

(138)

Sweden

NP

0.490

One domestic sewage effluent

(3)

Spain

NP

6 - 289

Effluent from four STPs

(14)

USA

NP

< 1 – 33 (<1)

20 STPs. 15 % of effluent was above LOD

(153)

USA

NP
OP

16
0.15

One sewage effluent

(154)

NP: nonylphenol; OP: octylphenol.
1 The figure in parenthesis is the median concentration